Pediatric Nursing Parul Datta
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure and t refer to table.
A
Abdominal
colic 178
distension 166
management 167
pain 166
causes of 166
management 166
with uncertain mechanism 287
Accidents and safety precautions, prevention of 132
Acid-base
balance 209
disturbances 208
imbalance 213
status 454
Acquired
hydrocephalus 382
intestinal obstruction 285
Actual hepatomegaly 297
Acute
abdomen 287
causes of 287
diagnosis 287
management 288
glomerulonephritis 342
complications 342
etiology 342
management 342
lymphocytic leukemia 329
chemotherapy 330
complications 330
management 330, 331
nonlymphocytic leukemia 331
otitis media 412
renal failure 346
diuretic phase 348
etiology 346
management 348
oliguric phase 348
phases of 346
recovery phase 348
respiratory infections 259, 262
classification 260
complications 261
definition 259
diagnostic measures 261
management 261
nursing
assessment 261
diagnosis 261
interventions 261
management 261
preventive measures 262
prognosis 261
rheumatic fever 311
complications 313
prognosis 313
sinusitis 415
subdural hematoma 387
Adaptation in nursing care, strategies for 141
Adequacy of breastfeeding, indicators of 52
Administration of
drugs, safety measures in 151
oxygen, safety precautions during 154
Adolescence See Puberty, changes in
Adolescence, behavioral problems of 182
Adolescent
problems 175
classification 175
developmental disorders 175
reactions of 139
Adrenal glands, disorders of 396
Age for toilet training 128
Allergic reactions, types of 167
Allergies 167
management of 168
Altered consciousness, stages of 363
Ambiguous genitalia 397
management 397
Amebic
dysentery 279
liver abscess 298
Anal
agenesis 292, 292f
stenosis 292, 292f
Ancylostomiasis See Hook worms
Anemia 318
causes of 319
classification of 319
clinical grading of 319
complications 320
management 320
nursing management 320
Anencephaly 381
Anorectal malformations 291, 292f
classification of 291
complications 293
diagnosis 292
management 293
Anorexia nervosa 184
Antisera 37
Antitoxins See Antisera
Anti-tuberculosis antibiotics 479
Aorta, coarctation of 308, 308f
Aortic
regurgitation 314
stenosis 308
Apgar scoring 66t
Aplastic anemia 323
Apparent hepatomegaly 297
Appendicitis 288
complications 288
diagnosis 288
management 288
pathophysiology 288
Arthritis management 436
Artificial feeding 57
principles of 57
Ascariasis See Round worms
Ascorbic acid deficiency See Vitamin C
Asphyxia
neonatorum See Birth asphyxia
pathophysiology of 77
Astigmatism 409
Atelectasis 265
complications 265
diagnosis 265
management 265
prognosis 265
Atonic cerebral palsy 375
Atrial septal defect 304, 304f
Attention deficit disorders 182
B
Baby friendly hospital initiative 24
Bacillary dysentery 278
Bacterial meningitis See Pyogenic meningitis
Bag mask ventilation 80f
Balanced diet
for adolescents 59t
for children 59, 59t
Ballard See Gestational age assessment
Basic care of baby birth 447
BCG vaccination 38
Bed wetting See Enuresis
Behavioral disorders
causes of 177
faulty parental attitude 177
in children 177
introduction 177
inadequate family environment 177
influence of
mass media 178
social
change 178
relationship 178
mentally sick and physically sick 178
of children, nursing responsibilities in 184
Belt restraints 147f
Birth asphyxia 76, 78, 81
bag 79
chest compression 80
definition 77
endotracheal intubation 81
initial steps of resuscitation 79
of perinatal asphyxia 77
preparation for resuscitation 78
TABCs of resuscitation 78
Birth injuries 93
Bites and stings 170
Bladder management, exstrophy of 339
Bleeding disorders 332
Blindness 410
Blood
disorders 191
examination 342
specimens, collection of 151
Body
build
ectomorph 117
endomorph 117
mesomorph 117
types of 117
fluids 208
preparation from birth to adolescence 117f
surface area burnt by rule of five, estimation of 355f
Bone
disorders of 425
marrow transplantation 326
tumor 433
osteosarcoma 433
Bowed leg 76, 428f
Bowleg See Genu varus
Brain
concussion of 387
swelling 387
tumors 385
management 386
Brainstem glioma 385
Breast milk
colostrum, different composition of 52
expression of 55f
Breast, anatomy of 52f
Breastfeeding 50
advantages of 50
baby who
does not suckle, problems of 54
refused on breast, problems of 55
breast
abscess, problems of 55
engorgement, problems of 55
contraindications of 54
digestibility, advantages of 51
family, advantages of 51
initiation of 51
inverted nipples, problems of 55
maternal benefits, advantages of 51
nutritive value, advantages of 50
preparation for 51
problems of 54
protective value, advantages of 51
psychological benefits, advantages of 51
sore nipple, problems of 55
technique of 53
working mother, problems of 55
Breath-holding spell 179
Bronchial asthma 267
classification 268
complications 269
diagnosis 269
etiological factors 267
management 269
status asthmaticus 269
Bronchiectasis 262
complications 264
diagnosis 264
management 264
Buckle 430f
Burn injury
depth of 353
extent of 354
severity of 354
Burns
disease 352
in children 352
classification of 353
complications 357
first aid measures 355
fluid replacement 356
management 355
nutritional support 356
rehabilitation 357
wound management 356
surface area, estimation of 354
C
Calcium 205
deficiency 205
prevention 205
sources 205
Candidiasis 358
Caput succedaneum 93f
Carbohydrate malabsorption 279
Cardiomyopathy
in children 316
definition 316
secondary 317
therapeutic management 317
types of 316
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic life support maneuvers of 459
Central nervous system
defects 189
diseases of 362
introduction, diseases of 362
Cephalhematoma 93f
minor problems of 75
Cerebellar
astrocytoma 385
concussion See Brain, concussion of
contusion 387
involvement See Atonic cerebral palsy
palsy 374
classification of 374
etiology 374
management 375
prevention of 375
types 374, 375
Cerebrospinal fluid constituents 456
Chemical buffer system of body 209
Chemoprophylaxis 480
Chemotherapy 277
Chest
circumference, measurement of 120f
compression 80f
Child
abuse 34
adoption 443
procedures 443
approach to 152
care, guidance to parent for 134
development 113
education 10
from accidents in hospitals, protection of 145
growth 113
guidance clinic 442
health 10
care in India 9
care, trends in 3
concept of 1
factors affecting 1
in India 8
problems 5, 5f
immunization, nursing responsibilities for 44
in coma 362
immediate management 363
management 363
pathology 362
specific management 364
in disaster 5f
labor 31, 443
marriage, prohibition of 444
mortality rate See Under-five mortality rate
neglect 34
of rich family 2f
placement 442
reaction to hospitalization and prolonged illness 138
rights of 9
survival components 24
undergoes dialysis
care of 350
methods, care of 351
welfare
agencies 441
services 441
with anemia, nursing process for 321
with ARI, nursing process of 263
with colostomy, care of 290
with fever, management of 163
with leukemia 331
with nephrotic syndrome 345f
nursing process of 347
Childhood
behavioral problems of 179
blood dyscrasias 318
introduction 318
cataract 408
Children
Act 11
approach to child, physical examination of 143
general principles, physical examination of 143
in difficult circumstances 444
in need for support services 4f
in refugee camp 5f
preoperative nursing management of 159
undergoing surgery
physical preparation 160
protective measures 160
undergoing surgery
care of 159
psychological preparation 160
with normal physique, weight in 452
Cholera vaccine 42
Chromosomal abnormalities 191
Chronic
glomerulonephritis 343
management 344
myelocytic leukemia 331
renal failure 349
complications 350
etiology 349
management 350
sinusitis 415
suppurative otitis media 413
Cleft lip 189f, 420,421
palate complications 421
palate complications long-term problems 421
palate complications problems 421
types of 421
Cleft palate 189f, 420, 421
causes 421
complications 421
long-term problems 421
problems 421
types of 421
Club foot 427f
Cold
boxes 44
chain 43
equipment 43
Coma
causes of 363
grades of 363
Combined DPT-HB
HIB vaccines 42
vaccines 42
Common
accidental injury in different age groups 132
bacterial infections 232
behavioral problems in children 178
brain tumors 385
neonatal medical problems 472
ophthalmic problems, categorization of 406
skin diseases in children 358
acne 360
management 360
atopic dermatitis 360
management 361
psoriasis 360
scabies 358
management 358
types of fracture in children 430
viral infections 217
chickenpox 224, 225
complications 225
diagnosis 225
epidemiology 224
management 225
pathology 225
preventive measures 226
prognosis 226
dengue syndrome 227
epidemiology 227
hepatitis A 222
epidemiology 222
investigations 222
management 222
pathology 222
preventive measures 223
hepatitis B 223
epidemiology 223
investigations 223
management 224
preventive measures 224
measles 217
complications 218
epidemiology 217
investigations 218
management 218
pathological changes 218
preventive measures 219
prognosis 219
mumps 226
complications 226
diagnosis 227
epidemiology 226
management 227
pathology 226
preventive measures 227
poliomyelitis 219
complications 221
diagnosis 220
epidemiology 219
management 220
pathology 219
preventive measures 221
prognosis 221
viral hepatitis 222, 224
Communicable diseases
in children 217
introduction 217
prevention of 29
Communicating hydrocephalus 382
Community
benefits, advantages of 51
nutrition programs 207
Complementary feeding 56
different age 56
12 to 18 months 57
6 months 56
6 to 9 months 57
9 to 12 months 57
qualities of 56
Congenital
adrenal hyperplasia 396
management 396
anomalies 185, 188
concepts of 185
definitions, concepts of 185
etiology of 186
genetic factors
chromosomal abnormalities, etiology of 186
etiology of 186
polygenic, etiology of 187
single gene disorders, etiology of 186
incidence, concepts of 185
miscellaneous 191
nursing responsibilities towards 192
prevention of 191
preventive measures, prevention of 191
club foot 426
complications 428
diagnostic evaluation 427
etiology 427
incidence 427
management 427
diaphragmatic hernia 295
heart disease 190, 303
classification 303
etiology 303
hemolytic anemia 323
hydrocele 76
hydrocephalus 382
intestinal obstruction 285
nasolacrimal duct obstruction 407
nephrotic syndrome 344
Congestive cardiac failure 310
etiology 310
management 311
prognosis 311
Congestive cardiomyopathy 316
Conjoined twin 190f
Conjunctiva, diseases of 406
Conjunctivitis 408
Constipation 165
causes of 165
nonorganic, causes of 165
organic causes, causes of 165
Constrictive cardiomyopathy 316
Convulsive disorders 370
in children, causes of 370
management of 373
Cooley's anemia 324
Copper 207
Corneal diseases 406
Craniocerebral trauma See Head injury
Croup's syndrome 418
acute
epiglottitis 419
laryngotracheobronchitis 418
Cry
assessment, excessive 164
treatment, excessive 165
types of 164
Cryptorchidism See Undescended testes
Cryptosporidiosis 253
CSF
circulation 382
pathways 382
Cultural influences 195
Cyanocobalamin 204
Cystic fibrosis 272
complications 272
diagnostic evaluation 272
management 272
nursing management 272
prognosis 272
D
Dacryostenosis See Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Day carriers 44
Deafness See Hearing impairment
Decerebrate posture 363f
Decorticate posture 363f
Deep freezers 43
Dehydration 210
assessment of 210, 275t
management of 211
Delayed eruption of teeth 419
Delayed puberty See Delayed sexual development
Delayed sexual development 399
amenorrhea 401
management 401
dysmenorrhea 400
etiology 399
management 400
menorrhagia 401
premenstrual syndrome 400
Delivery devices 458
Deltoid 153f
Dengue
fever 228
hemorrhagic fever 228
syndrome
complications 228
diagnosis 228
management 228
preventive measures 228
prognosis 228
Dental
caries 419
etiology 419
management 420
fluorosis 420
problems 30, 419
Dermatophytosis 359
Developmental
disorders short stature 174
milestones 124
important developmental milestones at glance up to 3 years 126
infants 124
preschooler 125
school age 126
toddlers 125
Diabetes
insipidus 392
classification 392
complications 392
management 392
mellitus 402
classification 402
complications 403
etiopathogenesis 403
management 404
diet therapy 404
exercise and physical activity 404
insulin therapy 404
type I 402
type II 402
Diabetic
education 404
ketoacidosis, management of 404
Diagnosis of
convulsive disorders 373
tuberculosis 239
Diagnostic approaches 187
Diarrhea 165
secretory 274
types of 274
Diarrheal diseases 274
Diet therapy 373
Dietary management 277
Different congenital anomalies in still birth baby 188f
Dilated cardiomyopathy 316
Diphtheria 232
complications 233
diagnosis 233
epidemiology 232
management 233
pathology 232
preventive measures 233
prognosis 233
Discharging criteria 110
Disease patterns in children 6
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 334
causes 334
complications 335
management 335
Distribution of total body water 208t
Dog bites 170
diagnosis 170
management 170
Domiciliary management 198
Double headed monster 189f
Down's syndrome 378
management 379
types 378
Downe's score interpretation 87t
DPT vaccination 39
Drowning
and near-drowning 271
management 272
Drug
dosage, calculation of 151
therapy 373
Dysentery 278
complications 279
epidemiology 278
management 278
pathology 278
prognosis 279
Dysplasia 338
Dysraphism See Myelodysplasia
E
Ear problems in children 411
Echinococcosis See Hydatid disease
Ectopia vesicae See Exstrophy of bladder
Effective handwashing, steps of 148f
Electrolyte
composition of body fluids 209, 209t
daily maintenance requirements of 215t
imbalance 211
monitoring of 215
Emergency care 30
Emerging challenges in pediatric nursing 16
Emotional
development 123
support 404
Emphysema 264
management 264
Empyema 266
complications 266
management 266
prognosis 267
Encephalitis 368, 369
Encephalocele 381
Encephalopathies 368
complications 369
etiology 368
management 369
Encopresis 180
Endocrinal abnormalities 191
Endocrine disorders in children 390
introduction 390
Endogenous obesity 401
Enemas 158
ENT problem in children 406
Enteric fever See Typhoid fever
Enuresis 180
Environmental factors 187
Ependymoma 385
Epidemic parotitis See Common viral infections mumps
Epigastric hernia 295
Epilepsy 371
classification of 371
management of 373
neonatal seizures 373
partial seizures 372
pathophysiology 371
Epispadias 339
classification 339
management 339
Epistaxis 416
Epstein pearl 76
Erb‘s palsy 95f
Erikson's psychosocial stage 123
Eruption of teeth 121t
assessment of 120
Erythema toxicum 75
Esophageal atresia
types of 482f
with tracheoesophageal fistula 282
classification 282
diagnosis 283
etiology 282
management 283
pathophysiology 282
Ewing's tumor 433
Excessive cry 163
causes of 163
emotional conditions, causes of 163
management of 164
nonpathological conditions, causes of 163
pathological conditions, causes of 163
Exogenous obesity 401
Exomphalos 294
complications 294
management 294
Exstrophy of bladder 339
External ear
dermatitis, problems of 411
furunculosis, problems of 412
otitis externa, problems of 411
problems of 411
Extra-abdominal causes 287
Extradural hematoma 387
Extrahepatic biliary atresia 298
Extrapyramidal cerebral palsy 375
Eye
diseases of 406
health 30
movement and alignment, diseases of 407
problem in children 406
Eyelids, diseases of 406
F
Facial palsy, left 95f
Factors influencing
development of child 114, 115
genetic factors 114
postnatal factors 115
prenatal factors 115
growth of child 114, 115
genetic factors 114
postnatal factors 115
prenatal factors 115
Familial acholuric jaundice 323
Far sightedness 409
Febrile convulsions 371
management 371
type 371
Fecal ostomies, placement of 291f
Feeding
gastrostomy, techniques of 156
gavage, techniques of 156
oral, techniques of 155
problems 58
dehydration fever 58
excessive crying 58
overfeeding 59
regurgitation 58
suckling and swallowing difficulties 58
underfeeding 58
vomiting 58
resistance to 178
techniques of 155
Female feticide 33
Femoral hernia 295
Fetal circulation 301
before birth 302f
birth, changes of 302f, 303
Fetal-infant growth chart for preterm infants 473
Fever 162
in children
causes of 162
investigations 163
First aid 30
Floppy baby syndrome 424
causes 424
Fluid
daily maintenance requirements of 215t
imbalance 210
monitoring of 215
requirements of lbw infants 106f
Fluorine 206
Folacin deficiency See Folic acid
Folates See Folic acid
Folic acid 204
supplementations 326
Foot, abnormal position of 427f
Fore milk, different composition of 52
Foreign bodies 172
in alimentary tract 172
in external auditory canal 412
in eyes 173
in respiratory tract 172
diagnosis 172
emergency management 172
Fracture 429
in children 430
sites of 429
of skull 386
Fragilitas ossium See Osteogenesis imperfecta
Free flow oxygen therapy 80f
Freud's psycho-sexual stages 123
Functional nutritional status, assessment of 60
G
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 284
complications 285
management 284
Gastrointestinal system
abnormalities 190
diseases of 273
related to 287
Gastroschisis 189f, 294
Gender bias 32
General body growth 116
Genetic counseling 192
Genital growth 116
Genitourinary system abnormalities of 191
Genu
valgum 428
varus 428
Geophagia 181
Gestation age birth, assessment of 67t
Gestational age assessment 468
Giardiasis 251
clinical manifestations 251
diagnosis 251
management 251
pathology 251
preventive measures 252
Girls, protection for 10
Goiter 394
Gomez classification 196
Great arteries, transposition of 307, 307f
Growth
and development
brain, systemic changes during 121
cardiovascular changes, systemic changes during 121
gastrointestinal system, systemic changes during 121
hormonal changes, systemic changes during 122
immunity, systemic changes during 122
lymphoid tissue, systemic changes during 122
of child 113
characteristics of 114
definitions of terms 113
development 113
growth 113
maturation 113
postnatal period, stages of 114
prenatal period, stages of 114
stages of 114
respiratory changes, systemic changes during 121
sexual development, systemic changes during 122
systemic changes during 121
urinary system, systemic changes during 121
assessment by baby weighing 28f
assessment of 117
body mass index, assessment of 118
chart 28f
chest circumference, assessment of 120
curve 119f
dentition, assessment of 120
fontanelle closure, assessment of 120
head circumference, assessment of 118
hormone deficiency 391
length, assessment of 118
mid upper arm circumference, assessment of 120
of child, importance of learning 113
osseous, assessment of 120
span, assessment of 121
stem stature index, assessment of 121
technique of 117
weight, assessment of 117
Guillain-Barré syndrome 369
management 370
H
Habit spasm See Tics
Haemophilus influenzae vaccines 41
Handicapped children 437
and child welfare 437
causes 438
classification 438
mentally handicapped children 438
physically handicapped children 438
socially handicapped children 438
concept of disability 437
impairment 437
education of 30
management of 439
rehabilitation of 439
Handicapped conditions See Behavioral disorders mentally sick and physically sick
in children, prevention of 438
Handicaps
distribution of 374
motor deficit of 374
Hansen's disease See Leprosy
Hare lip See Cleft lip
Harlequin color change 76
Head
circumference, measurement of 119f
injuries of 93, 386
injury
causes of 386
complications 388
emergency management 388
management 388
medical management 388
pathology 386
prognosis 389
types of 386
Health
appraisal 29
education 30
problems
during childhood 162
of newborn baby 73
promotion during
adolescence 136
infancy 134
preschool age 135
school age 135
toddlerhood 134
promotion of children 134
Healthful school environment 29
Healthy
adolescents in play 130f
child 2f, 113
of poor family 2f
needs of 127
girl children 33f
infants of
6 months age 2f
7 months 125f
mother 2f
neonates 64f
physical characteristics of 64
physiological characteristics of 65
newborn infant 64
school children 126f
toddler 125f
Hearing impairment 413
causes of 413
classification of 413
consequence of 414
management 414
types 414
Heart diseases in children 301
introduction 301
Height and weight of Indian boys and girls from 1 to 18 years 450
Height, assessment of 118
Helminthiasis See Worm infestations
Helminthic infestations, other 258
Hemodialysis, complications related to 351
Hemolytic disease of newborn 98
Hemophilia 327
classification 327
complications 329
in children
probability of 327t
transmission of 327t
management 328
pathophysiology 327
Hepatitis
A vaccines 42
B vaccination 40
Hepatobiliary system, related to 287
Hepatomegaly 297
causes of 297
investigations 298
Hereditary spherocytosis 323
Hermaphroditism, types of 397
Hernia 294
causes 294
in children 295
Hiatal hernia 295
Hind milk, different composition of 52
Hip
complications, developmental dysplasia of 426
developmental dysplasia of 425
etiology, developmental dysplasia of 425
management, developmental dysplasia of 426
Hirschsprung's disease 289, 289f
complications 290
management 290
nursing management 290
HIV/AIDS in children 229
clinical staging 230
complications 230
epidemiology 229
major criteria 230
management 230
minor criteria 230
nursing interventions 231
pathogenesis 229
HIV/AIDS, prevention of 231
Hook worms 255
management 256
preventive measures 256
Horse-shoe kidney 338
Hospital acquired infections 244
causes in children 244
common 245
control measures 245
mode of transmission 244
prevention 245
risk factors 244
Hospitalization
of sick child 138
on family of child, effects of 139
Hospitalized children, importance of play for 148
Humpback 428
Hunchback See Humpback
Hydatid disease 257
Hydrocephalus 381, 383f
complications 384
etiology of 382
management 383
types 382
Hydronephrosis 338
Hyperalimentation See Total parenteral nutrition
Hyperkalemia 213
management 213
Hypermetropia See Far sightedness
Hypernatremia 212
management 212
etiology of 212
Hyperopia 409
Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy 316
pyloric stenosis 281, 281f
complications 281
etiology 281
management 281
pathology 281
Hypokalemia 212
etiology of 212
management 212
Hyponatremia 211
etiology of 211
management 211
Hypoparathyroidism 395
management 395
Hypospadias 340
classification 340
management 340
problems related to 340
Hypothermia, prevention of 84f
Hypothyroidism, causes of 393
I
Ice
lined refrigerators 44
packs 44
Icterus See Jaundice
Identifying intrauterine growth retardation in newborn 467
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome 345
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura 333
classification of 333
management 334
Immunization 36, 127
introduction 36
killed 37
live attenuated vaccines 37
of children 38
of HIV positive children 232
vaccine 36
preventable diseases 36
Immunizing agents 36
Immunodeficiency 335
states, presentations of 336
types 335
management 336
primary immunodeficiency 335
secondary immunodeficiency 336
Immunoglobulins 37
IMNCI
case management process 474
protocol 482
Impacted cerumen, wax 412
Impaired appetite See Feeding, resistance to
Impaired digestion 279
Imperforate anal membrane 292, 292f
Inactivated vaccines See Immunization killed
Inadequate health 195
Incompetence See Aortic regurgitation
Incompetence, mitral regurgitation 313
Increased intraocular pressure 407
Indian Academy of Pediatrics, classification by 196
Indian childhood cirrhosis 299
diagnosis 300
epidemiology 299
etiology 299
management 300
Indications of toddler's readiness for toilet training 128
Infancy, behavioral problems of 178
Infant mortality rate 7
Infantile spasms See Myoclonic seizures
Infants of
diabetic mothers 110
HIV positive mothers 111
diagnosis 111
prevention 111
treatment 111
Infants, reactions of 139
Infections
and disease conditions 195
in neonates 88
Infective endocarditis 315
complications 315
management 315
prevention 316
Infective polyneuritis See Guillain-Barré syndrome
Influenza vaccines 42
Ingredients of oral rehydration salts 276t
Inguinal hernia 295
Insects stings 171
management 171
Insulin injection, sites for 153f
Integrated child development
delivery of services 26
services 25
for adolescent girls 11 to 18 years 26
for children
in age group 3 to 6 years 26
less than 3 years 26
for nursing mothers 26
for pregnant women 26
objectives 25
other women of 15 to 45 years age group 26
Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness 31
Intestinal
amebiasis 252
complications 252
diagnosis 252
epidemiology 252
management 253
pathology 252
preventive measures 253
malabsorption 279
obstruction 285
causes of 285
diagnosis 286
initial management 286
management 286
pathology 286
Intracranial
hemorrhage 386
injuries to
bones 95
muscles 95
nerves 94
skin 95
injury 93
prevention of birth injuries 96
space occupying lesions 385
visceral injuries 96
Intramuscular injection in children, sites of 153f
Intrarenal causes 346
Intrauterine growth retardation, high risk 106
Intravenous infusion 157
calculation of flow rates 157
equipment and procedure 157
preparation of parents and child 157
veins used for intravenous infusion 157
Intussusception 286f
Iodine 206
Iron 206
chelation therapy 325
deficiency anemia 320
complications 320
management 322
prevention 322
IUGR baby at birth of 1800 g, 38 weeks 104f
J
Jacket restraints 147f
Japanese encephalitis vaccines 43
Jaundice 296
in children, causes of 297
investigations 297
management 297
pathological 96
physiological 96
Joints, diseases of 434
Juvenile
delinquency 183
prevention 183
Justice Act
2000 11
1986 442
rheumatoid arthritis 434
complications 435
etiology 434
management 435
types 434
K
Kala-azar 249
complications 250
diagnosis 250
epidemiology 249
management 250
preventive measures 251
prognosis 250
Kangaroo mother care 107
baby's clothing, preparation for 109
benefits of 108
components of 108
counseling, preparation for 109
definition 107
discontinuation of 110
duration of 110
eligibility criteria for 108
feeding, monitoring during 109
for baby, eligibility criteria for 108
for mothers, eligibility criteria for 109
implementation, requirements for 108
initiation of 109
introduction 107
monitoring during 109
preparation for 109
prerequisites of 108
procedure 109
time of 109
Kangaroo mother's clothing, preparation for 109
Kangaroo positioning 109
Kidney
congenital abnormalities of 337
disorders of 337
Knock knee See Genu valgum
Knocked knee 428f
Krammer‘s rule for cutaneous levels of jaundice 98f
Kwashiorkor 197
Kyphosis 428
L
Lacrimal system, diseases of 406
Lactation, failure of 55
Language development 123
LBW babies, prevention of 103
Length by infantometer, measurement of 119f
Lens, disease of 407
Leprosy 242
classification 243
diagnosis 243
epidemiology 242
management 243
preventive measures 244
prognosis 244
Leukemia 329
classification 329
etiology 329
Limping 424
causes of 424
Liver
abscess 298
diseases of 273
introduction, diseases of 273
Low birth weight babies terminology 102
Lung
abscess 267
management 267
and disorders in newborn 86f
Lymphatic filariasis 248
diagnosis 249
epidemiology 248
management 249
preventive measures 249
prognosis 249
Lymphoid growth 116
M
Magnesium 206
Maintenance of adolescent health 176
Major types of accidents 132
Malabsorption syndrome 279
causes 279
investigations 279
management 280
nursing management 280
Malaria 245
diagnosis 247
epidemiology 245
management 247
pathology 246
preventive measures 247
prognosis 247
Malnourished child 196f
of 2 years 4f
of urban slum 4f
with multiple worm infestations 253f
Malnutrition
definition of 194
ecology of 194
Malocclusion of teeth 419
Management of PEM, nursing responsibilities for 199
Marasmic kwashiorkor 198
Mask ventilation 79
Mastoiditis 413
Masturbation 182
Maternal and child health 23
Maturational assessment of gestational age 469
Mature milk, different composition of 52
Mean urine output at different ages 452
Measles vaccination 40
Meatal stenosis 339
Medical aseptic technique 147
Medications
administration of 151, 152
history 151
routes of 152
Mediterranean anemia See Cooley's anemia
Medulloblastoma 385
Megaloblastic anemia 322
Meningitis 365
complications 366
etiology 365
management 366
nursing management 366
Meningocele 380, 380f
Meningococcal vaccine 43
Meningoencephalocele 190f
Meningomyelocele 380
Menstrual abnormalities 400
Mental
health 30
retardation 376, 377f
classification 376
etiology of 377
management 378
preventive management 378
Metabolic
acidosis 213
etiology of 213
management 214
alkalosis 214
etiology 214
management 215
disorders 191
Metatarsus
valgus 427f
varus 427f
Milia 75
Minerals
and deficiency disorders 205
daily requirements of 50t
Minor developmental peculiarities 75
Mitral
regurgitation 313
stenosis 314
Mixed acid-base disorders 215
Mixed type cerebral palsy 375
Modified Glasgow coma scoring system 457
Mongolian blue spots 75
Mongolism See Down's syndrome
Moniliasis See Candidiasis
Mother
continue kangaroo mother care during sleep and resting 110
privacy, psychological support to 109
psychological support to 109
Motility diarrhea 275
Motor development 123
Mucoid secretions, minor problems of 75
Multifactorial inheritance, etiology of 187
Multiple
congenital anomalies 190f
injury 173
Mummy restraints 147f
Mumps vaccine 42
Muscles, disorders of 423
Muscular dystrophies 423
diagnosis 424
management 424
Musculoskeletal
abnormalities 191
disorders in children 423
Myelodysplasia 379
Myelomeningocele 381f
Myelomeningocele See Meningomyelocele
Myoclonic seizures 372
Myopia 409
N
Nail biting 180
Natal teeth See Predeciduous teeth
National
Health Programs for Children in India 34
immunization schedule 37, 38t
Nutritional Policy 62
long-term measures 63
short-term measures 63
Plan of Action on Nutrition 63
Policy for Children 11
Programs on Nutrition 63
Rural Health Mission 26
Nearsightedness 409
Necrotizing enterocolitis 91
diagnostic evaluation 92
management 92
prognosis 92
Neonatal
care, grades of 112
conjunctivitis 89
convulsions 101
etiology of 101
investigations 101
management 102
prognosis 102
types of 101
death 5f
drug chart 477
hypoglycemia, causes of 100
hypoglycemia 100
management 101
prognosis 101
hypothermia 82, 83
concept of warm chain 84
consequence of 84
definition 83
factors responsible for 83
management of 85
prevention of 84
process of thermoregulation 83
stages of 83
infections 88
factors responsible for 88
prevention of 92
sources of 88
jaundice 96
management of 99
types of 96
mortality rate 7
period 370
follow-up See Newborn baby subsequent
resuscitation program 465
guideline-2005 463
seizures 101
sepsis 90
types of 90
Neonates
breath holding spells, minor problems of 74
caput succedaneum, minor problems of 75
common indications for referral, high risk 102
constipation, minor problems of 73
cradle cap, minor problems of 74
daily routine care of 70
dehydration fever, minor problems of 74
diarrhea, minor problems of 73
evening colic, minor problems of 74
excessive crying, minor problems of 73
excessive sleepiness, minor problems of 74
hiccups, minor problems of 74
high risk 102
immediate basic care of 70
in incubator, care of 155
low birth weight babies, high risk 102
mastitis neonatorum, minor problems of 75
minor problems of 73
napkin rash, minor problems of 74
obstructed nasolacrimal duct, minor problems of 74
physiological
jaundice, minor problems of 75
phimosis, minor problems of 75
ponderal index, high risk 107
poor prognostic factors 82
preterm infants, high risk 103
reactions of 139
small for dates babies, high risk 106
sneezing, minor problems of 74
superficial infections, minor problems of 75
umbilical granuloma, minor problems of 75
vaginal bleeding, minor problems of 75
vomiting, minor problems of 73
with congenital obstructive jaundice 190f
Nephroblastoma See Wilms’ tumor
Nephrotic syndrome 344
complications 345
management 346
secondary 345
types 344
Neural
growth 116
tube defects 379
etiology 380
types of 380
Neutral thermal environmental temperatures 462
Nevus simplex See Stork bites
New ballard score See Maturational assessment of gestational age
Newborn baby
assessment of 65
daily observation of neonates 70
examination on discharge 70
initial assessment 66
of gestational age at birth 66
subsequent 67
Newborn
infant 64
routine examination of 470
resuscitation algorithm 464
Niacin 203
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus 382
Nonthrombocytopenic purpura 334
Normal
biochemical values 453
blood pressure values various ages 451
hematological values 455
neonate, reflexes of 69t
Nose
block, minor problems of 74
disorders of 415
rhinitis, disorders of 415
sinusitis, disorders of 415
Nosocomial infections See Hospital acquired infections
Nursing
assessment 17
care of
healthy neonates 70
sick child, adaptations in 141
diagnosis 17
list of approved 18
interventions 141, 165, 168, 309
management of
anemia 322
child with urologic surgery 341
childhood eye diseases 411
assessment 411
diagnoses 411
interventions 411
children with congenital heart diseases 309
diabetes mellitus 405
handicapped children 440
planning 17
process 17f
steps in 16, 17f
responsibilities 184
Nutrition 10
in children 46
introduction 46
Nutritional
counseling 61, 127
during infancy 61
for preschooler 62
for toddler 61
deficiency disorders 194
introduction 194
dwarfing 198
guidance 61
to adolescents 62
to school age child 62
marasmus 197
problems, assessment of 195
rehabilitation center, management in 198
requirements in children 46
calories 47
carbohydrates 48
fats 48
minerals 49
proteins 47
vitamins 49
water 47
services 30
status
anthropometry, assessment of 60
assessment of 60
biochemical evaluation, assessment of 60
dietary history, assessment of 60
weaning 127
O
Obesity 401
causes of 401
developmental disorders 175
in age of 7 years 402f
management 402
Obstructive lesions of urinary tract 338
Omphalitis See Umbilical sepsis
Omphalocele See Exomphalos
One twin baby without head 190f
Ophthalmia neonatorum See Neonatal conjunctivitis
Optic nerve diseases 407
Oral
cavity, problems of 420
thrush 89
Orbital diseases and disorders 406
Organizing sex education 133
Orodental problem in children 406
Osmotic diarrhea 274
Osteogenesis imperfecta 425, 425f
management 425
types 425
Osteomyelitis 432
complications 433
etiology 432
management 433
types 432
Ostomies 158
Otitis media 412
with effusion 412
Over hydration 211
Oxygen
administration, methods of 154
therapy 154, 458
by oxygen hood 154f
complications of 154
need for 154
purpose of 154
Oxytocin reflex 54f
Oxyuriasis See Threadworm
P
Pancreas, related to 287
Pancreatitis 296
causes 296
complications 296
diagnosis 296
management 296
Paraphimosis 340
Parasitosis in children 245
Parathyroid glands, disorders of 395
Parents
approach to 152
need guidance 134
Patent ductus arteriosus 305, 305f
Pediatric
drug dosages/regimens 478
illness care delivery, setting of 137
nurse
functions of 14
qualities of 13
role of 14
nursing
concept of 13
definition 16
goals of 13
history 142
process related to 16
purposes 16
trends in 15
techniques, safety measures during 145
tuberculosis, treatment of 479
unit in hospital 138
Peeling skin 75
Pelvi-ureteric junction stenosis 338
PEM
complications of 199
early
diagnosis, preventive management of 199
treatment, preventive management of 199
health promotion, preventive management of 199
management of 198
hospital 198
preventive management of 199
prognosis of 199
rehabilitation, preventive management of 199
specific protection, preventive management of 199
Perinatal
HIV disease 111
mortality rate 7
Personality development 123
Pertussis See Whooping cough
Pes
valgus 427
varus 427f
Phimosis 340
Phosphorus 205
Pica See Geophagia
Pinworm 255
clinical manifestations 255
diagnosis 255
management 255
preventive measures 255
Pituitary glands
disorders of 391
etiology 391
management 392
Plastic deformations 430f
Play
and play materials 129
for hospitalized children, types of 149
importance of 129
materials, selection and care of 130
types of 129
Plea of baby birth 447
Pleural effusion 265
complications 266
diagnosis 266
management 266
Pneumococcal vaccine 43
Pneumothorax 267
management 267
Poisoned children, management of 168
Poisoning 168
agents 168
ecology of 168
Polio vaccination 39
Poliomyelitis, types of 219
Polycystic kidneys 338
Ponderal index management 107
Poor maternal health 5f
Poor socioeconomic status 195
Postasphyxia management of neonates 81
Postdischarge follow-up 110
Posterior urethral valve 338
Postnatal
diagnosis 188
growth
curves, types of 117f
patterns of child 116
Postneonatal mortality rate 7
Postoperative nursing management of children 160
Postrenal causes 346
Posturing in unconscious state 363f
Potassium 205
deficiency 205
hyperkalemia 206
Precocious puberty 399
Predeciduous teeth 76
Predispose accidental injury in children 131
Prekwashiorkor 198
Prenatal diagnosis 187
Prerenal causes 346
Preschool child, reactions of 139
Press areola behind nipple between finger and thumb 55f
Preterm
babies 105
34 weeks 104f
birth, causes of 103
infants, characteristics of 103
milk, different composition of 52
Prevention of accidents, nursing responsibilities in 133
Preventive pediatrics 22, 25f
concept of 22
family health 23
nursing responsibilities in 35
Primary delayed sexual development 399
Primary nephrotic syndrome 345
Prohibition and Regulation Act, 1986 See Child labor
Prolactin reflex 54f
Protecting child 157
Protein allowances, recommended 48t
Protein-energy malnutrition 195
classification of 196
Pseudocryptorchidism See Retractile testis
Pseudohermaphroditism 397
Psychosexual development 123
stages of 123t
Puberty
changes in 122
boys, order of 122
girls, order of 122
Pupillary tract abnormalities 407
Purpura See Bleeding disorders
Pyoderma 90
Pyoderma See Superficial bacterial infections
Pyogenic
arthritis 435
management 436
liver abscess 299
meningitis 365
Pyridoxine 203
R
Rabies vaccines 41
RCH program, component of 24f
Recommended dietary allowance of vitamins 49t
Rectal
agenesis 292
prolapse 296
Rectoperineal fistula 292
Rectovaginal fistula 292
Rectus femoris 153f
Reflexes in baby 54f
Refractive errors 407, 409
Rehydration therapy 276
Renal
agenesis 337
hypoplasia 338
mechanisms 210
Repeated blood transfusion 325
Reproductive
and child health 23
system, related to 287
Respiratory
acidosis 214
management 214
alkalosis 215
diseases 259
introduction 259
distress in neonates 86
common causes 86
diagnostic evaluation 86
management 86
prognosis 87
distress syndrome in preterm neonates, prevention of 87
regulatory mechanism 210
system abnormalities 191
Restraints 146
hazards of 147
types of 146, 147f
Restrictive cardiomyopathy 316
Retina, diseases of 407
Retinoblastoma 410
Retinopathy of prematurity 407
Retractile testis 398
Retrolental fibroplasia See Retinopathy of prematurity
Rheumatic
fever, prevention of 313
heart disease 313
Riboflavin 203
Ringworm infections See Dermatophytosis
Road to health card 119f
Rotavirus vaccine 42
Round worms 254
diagnosis 254
management 254
preventive measures 254
Rubella vaccine 42
Rule of Five of estimation of burns surface area 354f
S
Sacrococcygeal teratoma 189f
Safe disposal of hospital waste 481
Safe motherhood components 24
Salmon patches 76
School
aged children, reactions of 139
health
records 30
service 29
aspects of 29
objectives 29
phobia 182
refusal See School phobia
Sclera, abnormalities of 407
Scoliosis 429
etiology 429
management 429
Second gravida See Teenage mother
Seeking genetic counseling, reasons for 192
Sensory development 123
Separation anxiety See Stranger anxiety
Septic arthritis See Pyogenic arthritis
Severe birth asphyxia, systemic manifestations of 81
Sex education 133
need for 133
Sexual
development, secondary delayed 399
problems of adolescents 133
Shigellosis See Bacillary dysentery
Short
sightedness See Near sightedness
stature 390
causes of 390
chronic organic diseases 391
drug induced 391
endocrine disorders 391
genetic cause 390
management 391
nutritional disorders 391
psychosomatic 391
Sick child 137
introduction 137
nursing care of 141
proforma for assessment of 475
therapeutic play 148
Sick neonates, transport of 112
Sickle cell anemia 323
Silverman
anderson score 87t
score for assessing magnitude of respiratory distress 86f
Site of infusion 157
Skin disease 352
Sleep disorders 182
Small for dates babies
causes of 107
problems of 107
Snake bites 170
first aid management 171
hospital management 171
Sodium 205
deficiency 205
Spastic cerebral palsy 375
Speech problems 181
cluttering 181
delayed 181
dyslalia 181
stuttering 181
Spina bifida 380
occulta 380
Splenectomy 325
Sputum, collection of 151
Squint See Strabismus
Stammering See Speech problems stuttering
Statistics related to child health 6
Status
asthmaticus, case of 270
epilepticus 372
Stool specimens, collection of 150
Stork bites 76
Strabismus 408
management 409
Stranger anxiety 179
Street
child 5f
children 32
Subconjunctival hemorrhage 76
Substance abuse 183
preventive measures 183
Sucking callosities 76
Suitable play material according to age 131
Superficial
bacterial infections 359
impetigo 359
fungal infections 358
Supportive management 326
Swimmer's ear See External ear otitis externa, problems of
Syndromal classification 196
Syringe for treatment of inverted nipples, preparing and using 55f
T
Talipes
calcaneovalgus 427
equinovalgus 427
equinovarus 427
Tapeworms 256
diagnosis 257
management 257
preventive measures 257
Tectile stimulation 79f
Teenage mother 4f
Temper tantrums 179
Temperature in neonates, assessment of 85
Teniasis See Tapeworms
Tetanus 235
clinical manifestations, types of 236
complications, types of 236
diagnosis, types of 236
epidemiology 235
management, types of 236
pathology 236
preventive measures, types of 237
prognosis, types of 237
types of 236
Tetralogy of Fallot 306, 306f
Thalassemia 324
classification 324
complications 325
intermedia 324
major 324, 325
management 325
minor 324
Therapeutic play, nursing responsibilities for 149
Thiamine 203
Threadworm See Pinworm
Three months colic See Neonates evening colic, minor problems of
Thrive
causes, failure to 174
failure to 173
management, failure to 174
nursing management, failure to 174
Throat
disorders of 416
pharyngitis, disorders of 416
swab
collection of 151
culture 342
tonsillitis
acute, disorders of 417
adenoidal hypertrophy, disorders of 417
chronic, disorders of 417
disorders of 417
Thrombocytopenia 332
causes 332
management 333
Thumb sucking 179
Thyroid glands
disorders of 393
hyperthyroidism
disorders of 393, 394
management, disorders of 393, 394
Thyromegaly See Goiter
Tics 181
Tocopherol See Vitamin E deficiency 202
Toddlers, reactions of 139
Toilet training 127
problems of 129
process of 128
Tongue tie 76
Torus See Buckle
Total parenteral nutrition 157
Tracheoesophageal fistula 482f
Transient abnormalities in first few days of life 471
Transitional milk, different composition of 52
Transporting neonates, principles for 112
Tricuspid
atresia 307
regurgitation 314
Trivandrum developmental screening chart 127f
True cryptorchidism 398
True hermaphroditism 397
Tuberculosis 237
epidemiology 237
management 239
pathology 238
preventive measures 240
prognosis 240
Tuberculous meningitis 367
complications 368
management 367
Typhoid fever 240
complications 241
diagnosis 241
epidemiology 240
management 241
pathology 241
preventive measures 242
prognosis 242
Typhoid vaccination 41
U
Ulcerative colitis 280
diagnosis 280
management 280
Umbilical
hernia 76, 293
malformations 293
sepsis 89
Under-five's clinic, concept of 27
adequate nutrition 27
care in illness 27
family planning 27
health education 28
immunization 27
symbol for 27f
Under-five's mortality rate 8
Undescended testes 397
causes 398
management 398
Universal children's day 10
overall goals (1990–2000) 10
Urinary
introduction 337
system, related to 287
tract
congenital abnormalities of 337
disorders of 337
infections 344
management 344
Urine
examination 342
specimens, collection of 150
Urticaria neonatorum See Erythema toxicum
Use of restraints 146
Uveal tract abnormalities 407
V
Vaccine carriers 41, 44
Varicella See Common viral infections chickenpox
Varicella vaccines 42
Vastus lateralis 153f
Ventricular septal defect 303, 304f
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 384f
Ventrogluteal 153f
Visceral leishmaniasis See Kala-azar
Visual
disorders 407, 410
impairment 410
categories of 410t
Vitamin
A deficiencies 200
and deficiency disorders 200
B complex deficiencies 202
B1 deficiency See Thiamine
B12 deficiency See Cyanocobalamin
B2 deficiency See Riboflavin
B5 deficiency See Niacin
B6 deficiency See Pyridoxine
C 204
D deficiencies 201
important sources 201
prevention of 202
rickets 201
E deficiency 202
K deficiency 202
prevention 202
Vitellointestinal duct, abnormalities related to 293
Vitreous, diseases of 407
Volvulus of sigmoid colon 286f
Vomiting 164
causes of 164
nonorganic causes, causes of 164
organic causes, causes of 164
W
Walk in cold rooms 43
Water intoxication 211
Weaning See Complementary feeding
Weaning foods
introduction of 56
principles of 56
Weighing
baby in digital machine 118f
infant in baby weighing machine 118f
Weight, measurement of 118f
Welfare of
children 440
delinquent children 441
causes 441
destitute children 442
working children 443
WHO grading of anemia 319
Whooping cough 233
complications 234
epidemiology 234
investigations 234
management 235
pathology 234
preventive measures 235
prognosis 235
Wilms’ tumor 340
management 341
staging of 341
Women, protection for 10
Worm infestations 253
Z
Zinc 206
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Chapter Notes

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