FAQs in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Chief Editors Ritabrata Kundu
Professor of Pediatrics Institute of Child Health
Kolkata, West Bengal, India rkundu22@gmail.com
Digant D Shastri
Chief Consultant Pediatrician and CEO Killol Children Hospital NICU and Vaccination Center
Surat, Gujarat, India drdigant@hotmail.com
Editor Jaydeep Choudhury
Associate Professor Institute of Child Health Kolkata, West Bengal, India drjaydeep_choudhury@yahoo.co.in
Academic Editors Vijay N Yewale
Consultant Pediatrician Dr Yewale Multispecialty Hospital for Children
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India vnyewale@gmail.com
Abhay K Shah
Senior Consultant Pediatrician
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India drabhaykshah@yahoo.com
AJ Chitkara Head Department of Pediatrics Max Superspeciality Hospital Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi, India drajchitkara@gmail.com
Publication Editor Kheya Ghosh Uttam
Assistant Professor Institute of Child Health
Kolkata, West Bengal, India kheyauttam@yahoo.co.in
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FAQs in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
First Edition: 2014
9789351521594
Printed at
5Dedicated to
All our readers who have constantly encouraged us to bring out books on pediatric infectious diseases
7Contributors
- Abhay K Shah
- Senior Consultant Pediatrician
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Ajay Kalra
- Erstwhile Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- SN Medical College
- Ex-Head of Department
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
- AK Prasad
- Former University Professor and Head
- Respiratory Virology
- V Patel Chest Institute
- Delhi, India
- Medical Microbiology
- Delhi University, Delhi, India
- Chairman, Influenza Foundation of India
- Member
- Asia Pacific Alliance for the Control of
- Influenza (APACI) Ltd
- Alok Kumar Deb
- Scientist–‘D’, Epidemiology Division
- National Institute of Cholera and
- Enteric Diseases
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Anand Shandilya
- Director, Dr Anand's Hospital for Children
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Anju Aggarwal
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics
- University College of Medical Sciences
- and Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Ashok Rai
- Director
- Surya Superspeciality Hospital and
- Associated Max Heart Center
- Director, Indian Institute of Cerebral
- Palsy and Handicapped Children
- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Atul A Kulkarni
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Department of Pediatrics
- Ashwini Sahakari Rugnalaya and
- Research Center
- Solapur, Maharashtra, India
- Baldev S Prajapati
- Professor
- GCS Medical College,
- Hospital and Research Center
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Devdeep Mukherjee
- Senior Resident
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Dhanya Dharmapalan
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Dr Yewale's Multispeciality Hospital
- for Children
- Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Dhritobrata Das
- Consultant Pediatric Cardiologist
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Digant D Shastri
- Chief Consultant Pediatrician and CEO
- Killol Children Hospital
- NICU and Vaccination Center
- Surat, Gujarat, India
- Ira Shah
- Consultant
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and
- Hepatology
- Nanavati Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Associate Professor and In-Charge
- Pediatric HIV Clinic
- TB Clinic and Pediatric Liver Clinic
- BJ Wadia Hospital for Children
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Janani Sankar
- Senior Consultant
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust
- Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Jayati Sengupta
- Consultant Pediatric Nephrologist
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Jaydeep Choudhury
- Associate Professor
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- K Dhanalakshmi
- Senior Registrar
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital and The Child Trust Medical
- Research Foundation
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Ketan Shah
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Ketan Children Hospital
- Shankheswar Complex
- Surat, Gujarat, India
- Kheya Ghosh Uttam
- Assistant Professor
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- M Govindraj
- Professor and Medical Superintendent
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Malathi Sathiyasekaran
- Consultant Pediatric Gastroenterologist
- KKCTH, SMF and Apollo Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Monjori Mitra
- Associate Professor
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Narendra Rathi
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Rathi Children Hospital
- Akola, Maharashtra, India
- Nigam Prakash Narain
- Professor of Pediatrics
- Patna Medical College
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Niranjan Mohanty
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Shri Ramachandra Bhanj
- Medical College
- Cuttack, Odisha, India
- Nupur Ganguly
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatric Medicine
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- P Ramachandran
- Professor of Pediatrics
- Sri Ramachandra University
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Parang Mehta
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Surat, Gujarat, India
- Patima R Shah
- Professor
- Adani Medical College
- Bhuj, Gujarat, India
- Rajal B Prajapati
- Professor
- Smt NHL Municipal Medical College
- Sheth VS General Hospital
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Rajniti Prasad
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Raju C Shah
- Professor and Head
- GCS Medical College
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Ritabrata Kundu
- Professor of Pediatrics
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Rohit Agrawal
- Director and Consultant Pediatrician
- Chandrajyoti Children Hospital
- Visiting Consultant
- Kohinoor Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- S Balasubramanian
- Senior Consultant Pediatrician
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust
- Hospital and The Child Trust Medical
- Research Foundation
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Sandipan Dhar
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Sangeeta Sharma
- Head of Pediatrics
- LRS Institute Tuberculosis and
- Respiratory Diseases
- New Delhi, India
- Sanjay K Ghorpade
- Director and Professor of Pediatrics
- Postgraduate Institute of Pediatrics and
- Niramay Hospital and Research Center
- Sadar Bazar, Maharashtra, India
- Santanu Bhakta
- Assistant Professor
- Institute of Child Health
- Fellow in Pediatric Pulmonology
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Subhasish Bhattacharya
- Professor of Pediatrics
- Calcutta Medical College
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Suhas V Prabhu
- Visiting Pediatric Consultant
- PD Hinduja National Hospital and
- Medical Research Center
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Sumanth Amperayani
- Senior Registrar
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust
- Hospital and The Child Trust Medical
- Research Foundation
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Tanu Singhal
- Consultant
- Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital
- and Medical Research Institute
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Upendra Kinjawadekar
- Consultant Pediatrician and
- Neonatologist
- Kamalesh Mother and Child Hospital
- Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Vijay N Yewale
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Dr Yewale Multispecialty Hospital for Children
- Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
It give me immense pleasure to present this book FAQs in Pediatric Infectious Diseases published under the banner of Indian Academy of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Chapter. There are many standard textbooks on various aspects of infection in children. At time, it gets very difficult for a busy practicing doctor to find the right information from the textbooks. This book provides only the salient points that will help in day-to-day management in children. I congratulate the editorial board and the present chairperson and secretary of the chapter to take up this effort. It is also laudable that this chapter has kept its continuity in publishing every year. My special thank goes to Dr Ritabrata Kundu, Dr Digant D Shastri, Dr Abhay K Shah, Dr Jaydeep Choudhury and Dr Kheya Ghosh Uttam, for their tireless efforts to bring out this book. My thank also goes to the authors who have taken their valuable time to contribute in this book. I hope the book will be useful to the practitioners for whom it is published and become their desk companion.
Vijay N Yewale
President, IAP 2014
13Foreword
It is a proud privilege for me to write Foreword for this book FAQs in Pediatric Infectious Diseases in the capacity of Chairperson of IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter. Publishing academic books has been legacy of IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter and as a continuation of the tradition after successful publication of First Edition of Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases in 2012 publishing a book which is quite handy and helps our members to find out their query on the spot while being busy in the OPD without referring to a bulky textbook was thought of. Seeing the popularity received to earlier publications from ID Chapter motivated us to envisage a project of publishing a book which can address common queries which arise while dealing with patients with infectious diseases in “Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)” format under ID Chapter Chairperson's Action Plan 2013.
The literal meaning of FAQ is “listed questions and answers, all supposed to be commonly asked in some context, and pertaining to a particular topic” and here in this book all important issues pertaining to infectious diseases have been illustrated through 45 well-written chapters in the form of frequently asked questions. Besides being evidence based, the book is thoroughly written keeping up time with the advancements in the pediatric subspecialty. More than 50 faculty from different parts of country have contributed. It is a great venture where experts have tried their best to answer commonly asked questions. I am sure that the hard work of the editorial board and also of experts will be most useful to readers.
Friends, the job that looks doable was not at all that simple task. Firstly, to enlist important clinical conditions, to draft FAQ related to these conditions and then to get precise evidence-based answers from various contributors. All in all, it requires consistent communication, periodic reminders and editing of the received manuscripts. Executing all these issues with our busy professional schedule is definitely a difficult task. But our sincere, dedicated editorial team members have been successful to implement this very swiftly and efficiently within short time period of 10 months. Without untiring effort of the team, this dream of mine would have remained unfulfilled. My heartfelt compliments, congratulations and thanks to the entire team.
It gives me immense pleasure to present this novel book for the academic need of pediatrician colleagues and I am sure that it will serve as desk top ready reckoner for its readers. I wish all of you very happy reading.
Digant D Shastri
Chairperson, 2013
IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter
15Prologue
Greetings from IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter.
It is a matter of great honor and pleasure for me to write a prologue for FAQs in Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, a publication of IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter.
Infectious diseases contribute a major chunk of cases in our day-to-day practice. In spite of availability of morden therapeutic and preventive modalities, thousands of children die in our resource poor country because of various infections.
Infectious Disease Chapter of Indian Academy of Pediatrics is one of the most active chapters known for its various scientific publications. Such type of publications has definitely made a positive impact as far as the rational management and prevention of the infectious diseases are concerned. In continuation of our established legacy and tradition, we have decided to come out with FAQs in Pediatric Infectious Diseases which can serve the purpose of desk top ready reckoner during busy hours of routine practice. Experts and stalwarts with national and international reputation have contributed to this project initiated by ID Chapter as per Action Plan, 2013. We are sure, this book will have a phenomenal impact in our understanding of various aspects of childhood infections. We express our gratitude to all the contributors, editors, Chairman (ID Chapter 2013) and office bearers of Indian Academy of Pediatrics, for their cooperation and contribution for the proposed project.
We are sure, this book will be very useful, handy tool in our day-to-day practice.
We wish all of you happy reading and happy learning.
Abhay K Shah
Honorary Secretary
IAP ID Chapter, 2012–13
17Preface
IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter has added another feather in its cap FAQs in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. These frequently asked questions have been collected from discussions in various forums. Busy pediatric practitioners often find it difficult to get the answer to the questions in the midst of bulky texts. This time we have taken up the common diseases, which we encounter in our daily life. The questions have been selected in the manner, which covers basic knowledge about the disease, its diagnosis and management. The book intends to give an outline of the way one should encounter the disease. Infections in this book have been broadly classified into various systems and also according to the causative organisms. Care has been taken to include infections, that are common in our country and also emerging and re-emerging infections such as pertussis, rickettsia, brucella and leptospira.
IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter has been striving to uplift the knowledge and academics amongst the pediatrician of this country. This time, our effort has been directed not only to the pediatricians but also to the general physicians who are still the first line caregiver of the ailing children of our country. The busy general practitioners will find it very handy for their day-to-day work. The students may utilize this book for ready reference.
Editorial Board
19Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the chairperson and members of Executive Board of Indian Academy of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Chapter, for giving us the humble task of bringing out the FAQs in Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
Our sincere thanks to the various contributors, for their tireless efforts to submit the articles.
We are also thankful to Dr Vijay N Yewale (President, IAP 2014), for his cooperation and active help.
Like every year, we are indebted to Dr Prabal Chandra Neogi and Mr Somnath Mukherjee, for the secretarial assistance.
Thanks also go to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, especially to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing), Ms Samina Khan and the whole team in Delhi. We also appreciate the help extended by Mr Sandeep Gupta, Mr Sabyasachi Hazra and others of Kolkata Branch of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
All attempts have been made to acknowledge the sources of information. Inadvertent omission, if any, is regretted.