Manual of Cardiology Kanu Chatterjee
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure and t refer to table
A
Abciximab 68
Abdominojugular reflux 79
ACE inhibitors 775
Acebutolol 465
Acetazolamide 1, 5, 6
Acetylsalicylic acid 64
Acidosis 315
Acids eicosapentaenoic acid 824
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 713
Active ischemia 278
Acute
aortic
dissection 73t, 164, 483
regurgitation 195
care 266
chest pain syndromes 168
coronary
artery thrombosis 706
syndromes 70, 116, 333, 354, 360, 518, 554, 707, 728
exacerbation of COPD 760
heart failure syndromes 545, 555f, 556
management 548
ischemic syndromes 774
limb ischemia 472
management 753
mitral regurgitation 390t
causes of 389t
myocardial infarction 97f, 344, 633f, 697, 734
pericardial tamponade 635
pericarditis 73t, 113f, 631, 633f, 641
pulmonary embolism 70, 73t, 749
renal failure 191
rheumatic fever 816t
right ventricular infarction 364
severe
AR 379
mitral regurgitation 86
stroke 805t
type B dissection 488
Acyanotic heart disease 665
Adenosine 239, 266, 267, 349
dinucleotide phosphate 338
receptor antagonists 338
monophosphate 33f
triphosphate 33f
Adherens junctions 285
Adhesion molecules 188
Adrenal
disorders 745
insufficiency 746
Adrenergic
inhibitors 467
receptor agonists 32
Adult congenital heart disease 646
Airway management 313, 313
Alagille syndrome 409
Alcohol 695, 791
abstinence 793
abuse 462
consumption 696
Aldosterone 26, 522
receptor antagonists 3
Aliskiren 467
Alkylating agents 792
Alpha-adrenergic effects 706
Alpha-linolenic acid 53
Alzheimer’s disease 784
Ambulatory electrocardiography 764
American
College of Cardiology 259f, 402t
Heart Association 169, 259f, 402t
Society of
Echocardiography 156
Nuclear Cardiology 550
Amiloride 1, 2, 7, 464
Amiodarone 235, 237, 240, 241, 242, 267, 316
induced thyroid disease 743
skin toxicity benign 76
Amlodipine 20, 25, 49
Amoxicillin 431, 814, 815
AMP-activated protein kinase 746
AMPK See AMP-activated protein kinase
Amyloid 616
heart disease 616
precursor proteins 616
Amyloidosis, classification of 617
Anabolic steroids 712
Anemia 734, 738, 739
Angioedema 351
Angiograms 407f
Angiosarcoma 148
Angiotensin
converting enzyme 479, 522, 667, 723, 792
inhibitors 19, 22, 351, 357, 393, 466, 521f, 555f, 703, 820
receptor
blockers 24, 393, 555f, 624
blocking agents 531
Ankle brachial index 474
Ankylosing spondylitis 77, 374, 721
Annuloplasty techniques 402
Annulus disorders 389
Anomalous
coronary arteries 176
left coronary artery 213
origin of coronary artery 213
Anorexia 712
Anterior
axillary line’s intersection 103
mitral leaflet 382f
wall of left ventricle 617f
Anterolateral commissure 382f
Antero-posterior mitral annulus 413
Anthracycline 626, 792
cardiomyopathy 629t
Antiadrenergic therapy 703
Antianginal drug 356t
therapy 354
Antiarrhythmic
agents 40
drug 234
in lactation 241, 241t
in pregnancy 241, 241t
selection in atrial fibrillation 239
versus implantable defibrillators 242
Anticardiolipin antibodies 749
Anticoagulation 348, 430, 586, 658
therapy 756
Antideoxyribonuclease B test 814
Antihypertensive
agents, classes of 462t
therapy 462
Anti-inflammatory drugs 815
Antimicrotubule agents 792
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome 58
Antiplatelet
agents 54, 63, 338, 348
management 587
response of clopidogrel 338
therapy 221
Antischkow myocyte 811
Antithrombin 340
deficiency 749
Antithrombotic
agents 54, 55, 339
drugs 775
therapy 340, 441, 476
coarctation of 667
descending 679f
Aortic
aneurysm 489
compliance 770
component of second heart sound 87f, 502f
dissection 70, 164f, 165f, 483, 483f, 484t
classification of 484f
ejection sound 85f
first heart sound 404, 404f
hemodynamic tracings 194f
impedance, components of 19t
insufficiency 84, 99
intramural hematoma 165
left ventricular systolic gradient in aortic stenosis 194f
pressure 123
regurgitation 87, 145, 193, 374
cause of 374
characterization of 193
on aortic angiography 194f
second heart sound 404, 404f
sinus of Valsalva 276
stenosis 98, 99f, 145, 163f, 193, 369
induced left ventricular pressure overload 370
valve 157f, 158f, 163f, 166f, 617
calcification 99f, 370
closure sound 82f, 85f
disease 369
endocarditis with paravalvular abscess 424f
leaflet mobility 163f
replacement 373, 788
stenosis 85f
valvuloplasty in special circumstances 415
Aortography 487
Apixaban 60
APLAS See Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Apoptosis 188
APTT See Activated partial thromboplastin time
Arachidonic acid 338
Argatroban 62
Arginine 832
vasopressin in heart failure 516t
Arrhythmia 217, 289, 547, 554, 695, 728, 730, 736, 764, 768, 780
initiation 226
mechanisms 226, 234
Arrhythmic right ventricular dysplasia 275f
Arrhythmogenic
right ventricular dysplasia 274, 398
substrate 592
Arterial
dissection 798
nomenclature 211
oxygen content, determinants of 124
pressure 80f
pulse 79
Arteriohepatic dysplasia 409
Arteriolar vasodilators 19
Arterioles arteriovenous 458
Arteriovenous oxygen difference 121, 123
Arthritis 812
Artichoke leaf extract 825
Ascending aorta 424f
ASDS, classification of 672
Aspergillus 421
Aspiration 156
Aspirin 64, 767
plus thienopyridine 787
Asymptomatic
diabetic patients 131
left ventricular systolic dysfunction 792
Atenolol 465
Atherosclerosis 186
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis 479, 479t
Athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 601
ATP-dependent sodium-potassium pump 10
Atrial
based AV nodal independent SVT 262
effective refractory period 696
fibrillation 160, 253, 255t, 390, 442f, 555f, 742, 778, 787
flutter 262, 696
ischemia 255
natriuretic factor 618
pressure 192
septal defect 672, 692f
tachycardia 263
Atrioventricular
block 105
nodal reentrant tachycardia 264
reciprocating tachycardia 262
reentrant tachycardia 105, 264
Atropine 153
Auscultation 81
Austin flint murmur 84, 87, 87f, 88, 89
Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator 314
Autonomic
nervous system 493, 726
regulation of cardiovascular system 493
testing 495
tone, changes in 255
Autosomal
dominant disease 287
recessive disease 287
AV nodal dependent 261
SVT 264
AV nodal independent 261
SVT 268
AV node disease 282
AVNRT See Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia
Ayurveda 823
Azathioprine 576, 724, 725
Azithromycin 431, 815
Azole antifungals 60
Azygous vein 100
B
Bacteremia, cause of 385
Bacterial endocarditis, antimicrobial therapy of 426t
B-adrenergic
blocking 29
drugs 31
receptors downregulate 29
Balloon
across mitral valve 411f
mitral valvotomy 384f
positioning 165
valvotomy 407f, 408
in pulmonic stenosis 416
Baroreflex 494f
sensitivity 496
Bartonella hensalae 421
Basic
catechol-phenylethylamine molecule 35
life support 312
sense represents 101
Benazepril 25
Benign arrhythmias 769
Benzathine penicillin 815
Benzodiazepines 708
Beta-adrenergic
blockade 766
receptor 33f
blockers 464, 465t
Beta-adrenoceptor blockers 238
Beta-agonist bronchodilator drugs 730
Beta-blockers 242, 708
Beta-blocking agents 775
Beta-glucan 825
Beta-hemolytic streptococci infection 811
Biatrial enlargement 610
Bicarbonate 708
Bicycle ergometry 384
Bilateral hyperplasia 746
Bile acid sequestrants 50
Bioprosthetic valves 434, 454
Bisoprolol 25
Bivalirudin 61, 222, 340
Biventricular diastolic dysfunction 197
Bjork-Shiley tilting disk valve 435f
Blalock-Taussig shunt 683
Blockade of parasympathetic control with atropine 124
Blood
culture 422, 423
exiting pulmonary valve 100
flow, adjacent 184
pressure 125, 470, 496, 547, 600f, 729
for adults, classification of 459t
tests 245
urea nitrogen 24
Blotchy cyanosis carcinoid heart disease 77
Bluish discoloration of skin 76
BNP See Brain natriuretic peptide
Body
demand for oxygen 779
image drugs 712
mass index 330t
weight 547
Boot-shaped heart 93
Brachial artery
approach 211
flow-mediated dilation 717
Bradyarrhythmias 366, 592, 781
Bradycardia 280
causes of 280
diseases 280
syndromes 280
Bradykinin 747
Brain
hemorrhage 726
natriuretic peptide 29, 532, 750, 765
Brainstem See also Cerebellum
Breast cancer 641
Bronze discoloration 76
Brugada syndrome 278, 294, 320
B-type natriuretic peptide 74, 501, 510, 528, 623, 628, 737
Buerger test 471
Bulimia 712
Bumetanide 1, 6, 536, 658
Bundle
branch
block 284
reentry 273
of HIS See also Common bundle
Bypass angioplasty revascularization investigators 212
C
CABG See Coronary artery bypass grafting
Calcific aortic stenosis 369
Calcineurin inhibitors 576
Calcitonin gene 747
Calcium
antagonists 466
channel
antagonists 239
blocker 337, 354, 355, 658, 766, 775
blocking agents 40
scoring 373
sensitizers 39
Canadian Cardiovascular Society 72, 208
Functional Classification 73t
Candesartan 25
Candida 422
antigenemia 425
Capillary refill test 471
Captopril 25
Carbon dioxide production 561
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 3, 5
Carcinoid syndrome 747
Cardiac
amyloidosis 617, 619
anatomy on chest radiographs 91
arrest 311
arrhythmias 232, 706, 710
biomarkers 765
biopsy 201
calcifications 98
catheterization 190, 191t, 208t, 247, 379, 399, 406, 597, 676
complications of 216
hemodynamics 620
causes of
cardiogenic shock 361
chest discomfort 71t
dyspnea 74, 74t
heart failure 255t
chamber enlargement 92
chest pain 70t
computed tomography 173
cycle pressure waveforms 192
dysfunction 135
dyspnea 500
dysrhythmias 764
enzymes 803
imaging for screening 794
injury biomarkers 509
life support, advanced 315
magnetic resonance imaging 379, 512f, 531, 596, 605, 620
masses 183
medications 280
morphologic changes 626
light microscopy 626
myocardium 287
myocytes 744
output 123
positron emission tomography 774
rehabilitation 352
resynchronization therapy 149, 296, 297t, 396, 555
retransplantation 578
rupture 362
silhouette 100
sympathetic imaging 497
tamponade 199, 270, 487, 637f
thrombi 183
tomography 506
toxicity 705
transplantation 281
veins 177
Cardiogenic
pulmonary edema 5
shock 360t, 361, 542, 729
cause of 360
Cardiomyocyte 285, 626
sarcolemma 39
Cardiomyopathy 140, 709, 710
classification of 605
Cardiopulmonary 463
arrest 311
exercise testing 560
hemodynamics 769
resuscitation 311, 313
complications of 315
stress testing 572t
unit 561f
Cardioregulatory systems 247
Cardiorenal syndrome 534, 535, 535t, 544
definition of 534
Cardiospecific phosphodiesterase inhibitors 524
Cardiothoracic ratio 91
Cardiotoxic
agents 140
exposures 790
Cardiotoxins 513
Cardiotropic virus detection 204
Cardiovagal activity 496
Cardiovascular
aging 783
complications 705, 710
disease 11, 27f, 324t, 326, 601, 713, 725, 741, 744, 770, 790
disorders 77t
events 788
magnetic resonance 178
assessment 774
coronary angiography 180
guided therapy 182
imaging 392
pharmacology 1
system 115
Cardioverter defibrillation 601, 606
Carditis 812
Carnitine 832
Carotid
artery
disease 477
intima-media thickness 716
endarterectomy 478
pulse 85f
sinus massage 245
stenting 479
Carpentier-Edwards perimount bovine pericardial valve 435f
Carvallo’s sign 86, 88
Carvedilol 25, 465, 731
Catecholamine 463, 467
blood measurement 497
polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 278, 320
Catheter
ablation 260, 269
for SVT, complications of 270t
based therapies for aortic stenosis 414
based treatment of
mitral valve disease 410
pulmonary valve disease 413
for coronary angiography 211
CCB therapy See Calcium channel blocker therapy
Cefadroxil 815
Cefazolin 431
Ceftriaxone 431
Celiac disease 721
Cellular
aging 784
hypertrophy 181
Central
cyanosis 76
nervous system 726
venous pressure 201
Cephalexin 431, 815
Cerebellum 800
Cerebral
autosomal dominant arteriopathy 804
edema 1
Cerebrovascular
accident 54, 207, 217
disease 718
Cessation of resuscitation 318
CHD in HIV-infected individuals 714
Chemoembolization 748
Chemoreflex influence on heart rate and blood pressure 495
Chemotherapy 791
induced
cardiomyopathy 625
cardiotoxicity 627
Chest
cavity 90
compressions 313
film technique 90
pain 70, 168, 180f, 707, 812
in acute coronary syndromes 72t
radiograph 399, 505
roentgenogram 405, 461
X-ray 390, 485, 596, 676
Chlamydophila psittaci 421
Chlorothiazide 6, 8
Chlorthalidone 1, 6
Cholesterol 733
Chorea 813
Chronic
aortic regurgitation 145, 195
atrial fibrillation 158f, 696
beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation 701
digoxin therapy 40
doxorubicin cardiotoxicity 625t
heart failure 26
hemodynamically 87
hypoxemia 648
kidney disease 12, 351, 352, 732, 733, 734
mesenteric ischemia 481
mitral regurgitation 390t
myeloid leukemia 649
obstructive pulmonary disease 256, 648, 759
orthostatic intolerance 498
relapsing pericarditis 633
resynchronization therapy 149, 555f
severe
aortic regurgitation 87f
mitral regurgitation 391f
thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension 647, 648, 656
type B dissection 489
Cilostazol 67, 476
Cineangiographic equipment 215f
Cirrhosis 14, 608
Clarithromycin 431, 815
Classic
Blalock-Taussig shunt 684f
cardiac silhouette of left atrial dilatation 95f
waterfall cascade 55f
Clavicular heads of sternocleidomastoid muscle 202f
Clindamycin 431, 815
Clopidogrel 65, 338
Closed mitral commissurotomy 386f
Clubbing of fingers and toes 77
Cocaine 705, 709, 791
Coenzyme Q10 826, 827, 831
Cognitive behavioral therapy 830
Colchicine 634
Combination therapy 357
Common bundle 101
Comorbidities 790
Complete blood count 803
Computed
tomographic angiography 803
tomography, basic principles of 173
Conducting exercise test 564
Conduction
disease 787
disturbances 723
system disease 644
Congenital
anomalies of coronary circulation 213
dysfibrinogenemia 749
heart disease 255, 263, 276, 321, 648, 763
long QT interval syndrome 276
pulmonic stenosis 403
valvar aortic stenosis 665
Congestion, assessment of 547t
Congestive
heart
disease 74
failure 14, 96, 97f, 125, 500t, 733, 735, 740, 742, 799
Connective tissue disease 648
Constrictive pericarditis 198, 198t, 631, 635, 637f, 638f, 642f
Continuous wave Doppler demonstrating severe mitral stenosis 147f
Contrast
CT and coronary angiography 175
echocardiography 149
enhanced echocardiography 134
induced nephropathy 215
Conventional
angiogram 478
therapies 658
COPD See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cor pulmonale 710, 758
Coronary
angiography 36, 191t, 207, 208t, 349, 384, 391, 487, 737, 765, 774, 777
anomalies 213
artery 187, 212f, 365f
absent left main 213
atherosclerosis 706
bypass grafting 478, 396, 555f, 735, 784
calcium 332, 717
disease 70, 150, 173, 207, 322, 513, 555f, 597, 720, 725, 740, 772f, 828
stenoses 178, 181
surgery study 212
vasoconstriction 706
atherosclerosis 725
computed tomographic angiography 774
disease 170t
flow reserve 200, 702
heart disease 74, 324, 328t, 477, 714, 733, 734, 761
hemodynamics 200
intervention 223
perfusion, abnormal 722
revascularization 767
sinus 296
stent 175, 223
Corrected transposition of great arteries 389
Corrigan’s pulse 378
Corticosteroid 576, 724
therapy 725
treated SLE 725
Corynebacterium 420
Cough 75, 351
Coxiella burnetii 421
Cranial nerve 494f
Crataegus monogyna 831
C-reactive protein 634, 765
Creatine 832
kinase 350, 728
Creatinine
clearance 758
kinase 334
Crescendo-decrescendo murmurs 84
Critical limb ischemia 472
Crohn’s disease 749
CRT See Cardiac resynchronization therapy
CT angiogram 486
Culture-negative endocarditis 419
Cushing’s
disease 746
syndrome 746
Cutaneous
lentiginosis 77
vasospastic symptoms 723
Cyanosis 76, 680
Cyanotic
congenital heart disease 682
heart diseases 683
Cyclic
adenosine monophosphate 33f
guanosine monophosphate 649
Cyclooxygenase 64
Cyclophosphamide 626, 725
Cyclosporine 576
D
Dabigatran 62
Davie’s disease 612
Defibrillation 316
Degenerative
mitral valve disease 392f
valvular disease 453
Dermatomyositis 723
Desmosomal dysfunction 286
Desmosome 285
function 285
structure 285
Destructive inflammatory thyroiditis 743
Develop cardiac tamponade 642
Device therapies 621
Diabetes 324, 351, 513
mellitus 331, 352, 466, 733, 740, 796, 799
Diabetic medications 703
Diagnostic scores 126
Diastolic
dysfunction 591, 642, 702
detection of 702
function 136, 143
heart failure 527t, 528t, 530t, 533t, 698
definition of 526
murmurs 84, 87
regurgitant jet 145
Dietary cholesterol 776
Digital subtraction angiography 475
Digitalis 39
Digoxin 25, 39, 242, 267, 768
Dihydropyridines 466
Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 497
Dihydroxyphenylglycol 497
Dilatation of ascending thoracic aorta 99f
Dilated
cardiomyopathy 181, 604
hypokinetic phase 592
Diltiazem 267
Dipyridamole 349
perfusion scintigraphy 765
stress protocol 154
Direct
myocardial damage 706
thrombin inhibitors 60, 340
Disease
extent of 211
of conducting system 720
Disopyramide 235238, 241
Disorders of
coronary circulation 782
heart valves 782
myocardial electrical activity and conduction 782
myocardium 782
Distal coronary sinus 696
Distort cardiac murmurs 720
Diuretic
compounds 1
induced hypokalemia 15
optimization strategies evaluation 538
resistance 542
sites of action in nephron 2f
tolerance 4
use in
edematous disorders 12
hypertension 11
Dobutamine 35, 153, 349, 363, 524, 573
infusion 155
protocol 154
stress echocardiogram 512f
Docohexanoic acid 53
Dofetilide 235, 237, 240242
Donor heart
implantation 574
selection 574t
Dopamine 36, 363, 524
Doppler
echocardiography 505, 619
parameters of prosthetic aortic and mitral valve stenosis 446t
tissue imaging 627
ultrasonography 803
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus 494f
Doses of corticosteroids 724
Double
orifice mitral valve surgical repair 395f
statin dose 50
Down syndrome 77
Doxazosin 468, 791
Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy 625, 626t, 628t, 629t
Dressler’s syndrome 351
Dronedarone 235, 237, 241
Dual-chamber pacemaker 602
Duchane’s and Baker’s, limb girdle 302
Duration of secondary prophylaxis 817t
Duroziez’s sign 378
Dysfunction in systolic heart failure 519
Dyslipidemia 701, 740, 824
Dyspnea 72, 180f, 541
cardiac cause of 74t
pulmonary cause of 74t
Dysregulation of volume homeostasis 13
Dysrhythmia 156, 350
E
Early
diastolic
motion of mitral annulus 137f
murmur 87f, 88
transmitral flow 137f
medical therapy 336, 347
prosthetic valve endocarditis 421
Ebstein’s anomaly 680, 681
ECG
exercise testing 115
monitoring, continuous 246
Echocardiography 246, 399, 400t, 406, 422
Edema 75, 547
Edwards Sapien transcatheter pericardial aortic valve 435f
Ehler-Danlos syndrome 77, 374
Eicosopentanoic acid 53
Einthoven’s triangle 102
Eisenmenger’s
physiology 763
syndrome 75, 676f, 677
Ejection
fraction 179, 377f
component of 133
systolic murmur 85f
Electrocardiogram 101, 246, 256, 334, 343, 399, 405, 503, 595, 794
component parts of 102
Electrocardiography, basis of 101
Electromagnetic interference 768
Electron beam computed tomography 506
Electrophysiology studies 247, 265
Elevated systolic 790
Embolic protection devices 479
Emergency
medical services 312
room evaluation 343
Empiric antimicrobial therapy 425
Enalapril 25
End
diastolic
pressure 190f, 193f
volume 132, 134, 377f
stage renal disease 732
systolic
dimension 584
volume 123, 132, 133, 377f
Endocardial fibrotic disease, development of 612
Endocarditis 160, 423, 423t, 430t, 456, 725
Endocrine
disorders 255
heart disease 740
Endoleak, absence of 491
Endomyocardial
biopsy 288, 612
fibrosis 398, 612
Endotension 491
Endothelial
cell 577f
function 331
progenitor cells 784
Endothelin receptor antagonists 660
Endothelium dependent
flow-mediated dilation 770
vasodilation 717
Endovascular
repair 488
valve edge-to-edge repair study 413
Energy medicine 823
Enhanced external counterpulsation 829, 831
Enoxaparin 222
Epicardial coronary artery stenosis 178
Epinephrine 38, 316
Episode of Torsades de pointes 272f
Episodic ischemia 213
Epithelial cells 5
Eplerenone 1, 7, 25, 26
Eprosartan 25
Eptifibatide 68
Eradication of streptococci 814
Erythema marginatum 813
Esmolol 267
Estimated glomerular filtration rate 732
Estimation of jugular venous pressure 78
Ethacrynic acid 7
Etoxomir 704
European
risk scores 325
Society of Cardiology 259f
Evaluation of
dyspnea 565
left ventricular filling pressures 138
patient with hypertension 458
Examination of
jugular venous pulse 78
lung fields 636
musculoskeletal system 76
precordial pulsation 81
skin 76
Excessive plasminogen activator inhibitor 749
Exercise
electrocardiographic evaluation 773
induced arrhythmias 127
physiology and athlete’s heart 779
response in heart failure 559
stress echo 150
test
and six-minute walk test 510
modalities 118
testing 246
therapy 476
training in heart failure 566
Exertional dyspnea 74, 500, 722
External jugular vein 78f
courses of 78f
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 575
Ezetimibe 51
F
Fabry’s disease 619
Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention 345
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy 607
Fasicular ventricular tachycardia 232
Fat pad sign 100
Femoral artery
access site 210f
approach 209
Fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine and phenteramine 712
Fibrates 52
Fibromuscular dysplasia 469, 479t
Fibrous pericardium 631
Flecainide 236, 241, 242
Flufenamic acid 786
Flunitrazepam 711
Fluorodeoxyglucose 187
positron emission tomography 701
Fluoroscopic imaging system 214
Focal
ectopic atrial tachycardia 105f
myocarditis 706
myocyte necrosis 706
Fondaparinux 57, 340
Fontaine’s stages 473
Fontan
operations 683
procedure 263
Food and Drug Administration 28, 356
Fosinopril 25
Fractional flow reserve 200
Framingham risk score 325
Frank hypotension, development of 334
Free fatty acids 700
Friction rub 812
Functional tricuspid
regurgitation 398f
valve disease 398
Fungal endocarditis, cause of 421
Furosemide 6, 536, 658
G
Galvanic skin response 827
Gamma aminobutyric acid 711
Gammahydroxybutyrate 711
Gastrointestinal symptoms 499
Gated myocardial perfusion imaging 167
Gender and
cardiac arrhythmias 777
cardiovascular disease 770
Genotype specific therapy 293
Giant cell myocarditis 204
Gingival hyperplasia 466
Global left ventricular 364
Glomerular filtration 540f
Glucocorticoid deficiency 747
Glucose
6-phosphatase, deficiency of 649
transporters 700
Goal of blood pressure 351
Growth hormone excess 744
H
HDL cholesterol 776
Healthcare associated
endocarditis 417
infections 419
Heart
block 280
disease 74, 253, 257
failure 24, 116, 140, 350, 500, 501t, 503t, 505, 509t, 525t, 763, 534, 558, 623, 763, 777, 786, 830
diagnosis of 505
management 587
medical management 621
Society of America 793t
survival score 569, 570
valvular heart disease 59
with preserved ejection fraction 545, 786
murmurs, auscultation of 84
rate 123, 125
control 495
recovery 496
variability 496, 695, 764
stops 75
transplantation 571, 579t, 621, 657
Hematoma 216
Hemiblock 283
Hemodialysis and end-stage renal failure 608
Hemodynamic
classification of pulmonary hypertension 646
complications 217
compromise, clinical 725
concepts 463
consequences 530
disturbances 790
hallmark of hypertensive disease 463
impairment 541
in cardiomyopathy 197
in pericardial disease 198
in valvular heart disease 193
stabilization 586
symptoms 680
Hemolysis 450
Hemoptysis 75
Hemorrhage 720
Hemorrhagic stroke 797
category of 795
Heparin 222, 339
and indirect XA inhibitors 55
Hepatojugular reflux 79
Hibernation 548
Hibiscus sabdariffa 827
High
ceiling diuretics 5
density lipoprotein 714, 824
dose salicylates 632, 634
grade coronary stenosis 767
resolution computed tomography 654
Highly active antiretroviral therapy 714, 715
Hirudin 61
Hirudo medicinalis 61
His bundle electrogram 274f
Histamine 747
History of
blood clots 757
frothy pink 75
magnetic resonance imaging 178
HIV
and cardiovascular risk factors 715
and coronary heart disease 714
cardiovascular disease 713
related left ventricular dysfunction and myocarditis 717
Hodgkin’s lymphoma 641
Holter monitoring 305, 596
Holt-Oram syndrome 77
Homans sign 751
Hormonal studies 461
Human immunodeficiency virus 713
Hydralazine 19, 555f
isosorbide dinitrate 25
Hydrochlorothiazide 1, 6, 9
Hydrogen ion 315
Hyperaldosteronism 463
Hyperbilirubinemia 76
Hypercalcemia 464
Hyperdynamic systolic function 731
Hypereosinophilic syndromes 614
Hyperfibrinogenemia 734
Hyperglycemia replicates 701
Hyperhomocysteinemia 725, 734, 749
Hyperlipidemia 324, 331, 520, 716, 733, 738
Hypertension 253, 324, 331, 513, 729, 733, 740, 763, 799, 826
causes of 763
Hypertensive
heart disease, classification of 459t
hemorrhage 798f
Hyperthyroidism 742
Hypertriglyceridemia 725
Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy 140, 181, 245, 591, 594f, 598t, 600f
obstructive cardiomyopathy 85, 197, 603
Hypertrophied myocytes 593f
Hyperuricemia 740
Hyperviscosity 749
Hypoalbuminemia 739
Hypomagnesemia 464
Hypoparathyroidism 747
Hypopituitarism 744
Hyporesponders 338
Hypotension 156, 366
Hypotensive acute heart failure syndromes 551
Hypovolemia 315, 542
Hypoxemia 156
Hypoxia 243
I
Iatrogenic cause of
bradycardia 280t
heart block 280t
Ibutilide 242
ICD therapy 293
Ideal radial artery access site 210f
Identification of
atrial activity 103
left-ventricle end diastolic pressure 193f
Idiopathic
left ventricle VT 276
restrictive cardiomyopathy 615
VF 279
Idioventricular rhythm 107, 107f
Idrabiotaparinux 58
Ifosfamide 627
IHD, complications of 787
Imaging
myocardial viability 169
perfusion 171
Immunosuppression-related organ dysfunction 578
Impaired relaxation of left ventricle 136
Implantable
cardiac defibrillator 555f
cardioverter defibrillator 294, 600f, 624, 697, 736, 777
loop recorders 246, 306, 308
Indapamide 1, 6
Index of microcirculatory resistance 200
Indications for
antiarrhythmic drug therapy 234
coronary angiography 207
exercise testing 115
Infarct related artery 341
Infectious Disease Society of America 716
Infective endocarditis 148, 389, 417, 419, 456, 736
prophylaxis 393
Inferior vena cava filters 758
Infiltration of mononuclear cells 722
Infiltrative atrial disease 255
Inflammatory
bowel disease 721
cytokine 517
production 700
Infradiaphragmatic variant of total anomalous pulmonary veins 692f
Inhibition of tyrosine kinases 627
Inhibitors of platelet
activation 64
adhesion 64
aggregation 68
Inotropes 540
Inotropy 136
Inoue
balloon mitral valvotomy in mitral stenosis 387f
technique 411, 411f
Inspiratory muscle training 830
Insulin 703
resistance 513
and cardiomyopathy 698, 699f
sensitization 704
therapy 703
Interatrial septal aneurysm 160f
Intermediate pretest probability 115
Internal jugular vein 78f, 202f, 501f
courses of 78f
International normalized ratio 758
Interstitial edema 97f
Interventricular septum 141f, 654f, 655f
Intra-aortic balloon
counterpulsation 36, 729
pump 348
Intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia 263
Intracardiac
masses 148
shunt 183
Intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate 337
Intracerebral hemorrhage 795
Intracranial hemorrhage 797, 801t
Intracytoplasmic vacuolations 612
Intramural hematoma 483f, 487
Intramuscular benzathine penicillin 814
Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography 165, 403
Intravenous
immunoglobulins 724
nitroglycerin 21f, 29
urography 461
vasodilators 28
Intraventricular hemorrhage 795
Intrinsic renal disease 542
Ionizing radiation, biological effects of 172
Irbesartan 25
Ischemic
cardiomyopathy 70
heart disease 354, 697, 734, 763, 770, 785, 787
myocardium 511f
stroke 797, 800t, 802t
Isolated
infundibular stenosis 408
systolic hypertension 786
Isoproterenol 37
Isosorbide dinitrate 555f
Isotope renography and renal scans 461
Isovolumetric ventricular contraction 192f
Ivabradine 356, 775
J
Jaundice 76
Jugular venous
pressure 547, 595f, 763
tracings 637f
pulsations 79
pulse 78, 555f
J-wave syndromes 279
K
Kale juice 824
Kerley lines represent thickening 96
Ketamine 711
Kussmaul’s sign 641
L
Labetalol 465
Lactic acid dehydrogenase 460
Large arteries 186
L-arginine 828
Laryngospasm 156
Late
gadolinium enhancement 600f
occurring complications of endovascular aneurysm repair 491
precordial transition 112
prosthetic valve endocarditis 421
Laxative abuse 460
L-carnitine 703
LDL cholesterol 776
Left anterior
descending coronary artery 180f
fascicle 274f
hemiblock 109
oblique 91
Left atrial
enlargement 94, 95f
pressure waveform 192f
Left atrium 404
Left bundle branch 282
block 109f, 273, 284, 288, 595f
Left cardiac sympathetic denervation 293
techniques 293
Left circumflex coronary artery 180f
Left heart disease 397
Left main coronary artery 180f
cannulation 214
Left parasternal lift 502
Left posterior
fascicle 274f
hemiblock 109
Left pulmonary artery 690f
Left ventricle 133, 404
ejection fraction 81
end-diastolic pressure 192
pressure 193f
waveform 190f
Left ventricular
assist devices 363
diastolic dysfunction 505, 619
dysfunction 539, 638, 728, 730, 761
ejection fraction 132, 133, 141, 167, 273, 296, 642, 728
assessment of 348
ejection time 696
end diastolic pressure 377f, 646
endomyocardial fibrosis 612, 613
enlargement 92, 93f
function, assessment of 765
hypertrophy 74, 112f, 594f, 595f, 596f, 666, 728, 732, 733, 780
mass 135
myocardium 167
noncompaction 181
outflow tract 591, 594f, 595f, 600f, 603
outward murmur 87f
pressure and diastolic volume 125
systolic function 518, 619
volume overload 390
Legionella 421
Leopard syndrome 77
Lesion of aortic stenosis 369
Leukoencephalopathy 804
Levels of
cardiac troponins 730
cyclic adenosine monophosphate 67
Levosimendan 39
Libman-Sacks
characteristic of 725
endocarditis 725
Lidocaine 237, 242, 316
Lipid
lowering
drugs 775
therapy 357
management 352
Lipotoxicity 701
Lisinopril 25
Listeria 420
Loeffler’s endocarditis 614, 615
Loeys-Dietz syndrome 483
Long-QT interval syndrome 320
Loop
diuretics 5, 464
of Henle 5, 11
Losartan 25
Low
density lipoprotein 712, 824
glycemic index diet 828
high-density lipoprotein 732
molecular weight heparins 54, 57, 340, 441
Lower extremity edema 519
LQT syndrome 291
L-type calcium channels 337
LV
diastolic dysfunction 136
systolic
dysfunction and heart failure 352
function 351
LVOT obstruction 591
Lymphocytic myocarditis 204
M
Macrolide antibiotics 60
Macroreentrant tachycardia 264
Macrovascular complications 703
Magnesium 832
Magnetic resonance
imaging 176, 486, 600f
venography 803
Main pulmonary artery 404, 404f, 406f, 690f
Maintenance of sinus rhythm 258
Major acute coronary events 357
Malar flush of face 76
Malignant cardiac neoplasm 177
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors 576
Management of
acute
CHF 29
pericarditis 632
cardiorenal syndrome 542t
chorea 816
constrictive pericarditis 640
IHD in women 774
pregnancy 456
pulmonary hypertension 659
regular SVT in acute setting 268f
Manifestation of heart failure 500
Marfan’s syndrome 77, 321, 374
Matrix
metalloproteinases 528
remodeling markers 509
Maximum
heart rate 785
oxygen consumption rate 785
Mean mitral valve gradient 196f
Measurement of
arterial pressure 78
left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions 141f
Mechanical
circulatory support 575
devices for cardiopulmonary resuscitation 313
relief of obstruction 385
valves 434, 454
Mechanism of
chemotherapy-induced cardiac dysfunction 626
secondary mitral regurgitation 388f
Medial papillary muscle 675f
Medical
disease 280
management 363, 480
therapy 373, 379, 425
treatment 385, 393, 401
Medicine
alternative 823
complementary 823
Medtronic Freestyle porcine valve 435f
Medtronic
Hall tilting disk valve 435f
Hancock II porcine valve 435f
Mental health 827, 829, 830
Mesenteric
angiography 481
ischemia 481
Metabolic
equivalents 129
modulators 704
syndrome 741
Metaiodobenzylguanidine 628
Metformin 703
Methadone 712
Methamphetamine 709
Methemoglobinemia 76
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis 430f
Methodology of exercise testing 117
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine 711
Metolazone 1, 6, 544
Metoprolol 267, 465
succinate 25
Mexiletine 235237, 241
Microalbuminuria 732
Mid-diastolic murmur 88
Midodrine 499
Midsystolic murmurs 84
Migration 491
Mild pulmonary arterial hypertension 654f
Milrinone 37, 38
infusion 606
Mind-body medicine 823, 827
therapies 829, 831
Mineralocorticoid 10
receptor blockers 26
Mitraclip device 395f
Mitral
annular motion during atrial systole 137f
regurgitation 84, 86, 99, 146, 195, 362, 388, 388f, 389, 389t, 390t, 392f
stenosis 84, 88, 99, 146, 195, 196f, 381, 383t, 411f
cause of 381, 382t
severity, classification of 146t
valve 382f, 386f, 389, 617f
anterior leaflet of 440f
apparatus 381f
closure sound 82f
disease 380
endocarditis 430f
prolapse 389, 394f, 453
valvuloplasty in pregnancy 412
Mixed connective tissue disease 723
Mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry 305, 306
Moderate-to-severe claudication 473
Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt 684f
Moexipril 25
Molecular
CT imaging 187
genetic analysis 289
imaging
modalities 184
of vascular disease 184, 186
Monascus purpureus yeast 824
Monoclonal antibody-based tyrosine kinase inhibitors 627
Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia 272
Morphine 337, 348
Multifocal atrial tachycardia 262, 264
Multiple system atrophy 498
Murmurs, continuous 89
Muscle
afferents 124
loss 785
Mycophenolate 724
mofetil 576
Myocardial
and pericardial diseases 591
capillary endothelia 620
cells 229
disease 722
energy metabolism 699
fibrosis 512f
consists of proliferation 642
hypertrophy 278
infarction 117, 140, 217, 351352, 364, 519f, 521f
involvement 719
ischemia 511, 768
and infarction 707
perfusion imaging 167, 168, 179
scar 272f
tissue 230f
VT in association with
fibrosis/scar 272
structural heart disease 272
Myocarditis 606, 709, 710, 719, 724
Myofibrillar loss 706
Myxoma 160f
N
N-acetylcysteine administration 209
Nadolol 465
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 823
Native valve disease 139
NBTE See Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Nebivolol 25
Neck dilatation 491
Necrotizing vasculitis 710
Nephrons 523
Nephrotic syndrome 15, 749
Nesiritide 29, 37
Neurocardiogenic
injury 726, 729
mechanisms 781
Neurogenic
and stress cardiomyopathy 726
cardiac injury 729
cardiomyopathy 726
heart disease 726
Neurohormonal dysregulation 790
Neurohormones 509
activation of 546
Neurologic tests 247
Neuromuscular
diseases 610
electrical stimulation 830
New York Heart Association
Classification 503
Functional Classification 503t
Newer
antianginal drugs 356
antiplatelet agents 339
New-onset atrial fibrillation 257
Niacin 51
Nicorandil 775
Nifedipine, alternatives 49
Nitric oxide 661, 740
derangement 701
Nitroglycerin 708
Nitroprusside 28
Nocturnal oxygen therapy trial 759
Non-adrenal chromaffin tissue 745
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, development of 418
Noncardiac
cause of AF 254
chest pain 71t
medications 280
surgery 443, 765
symptoms 256
Noncommunicating disease 487
Noncontrast CT and coronary calcifications 175
Nonconventional therapies and cardiology 823
Noncoronary artery disease 70
Nonesterified fatty acid 700
Noninvasive
and hemodynamic evaluation 367
studies for myocardial ischemia 765
testing 478
Nonischemic
cardiomyopathy 322
systolic heart failure 523
Nonparoxysmal junctional ectopic tachycardia 262
Nonpharmacologic
therapy 499
treatments 524
Nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory
agents 523, 632, 634
drug 52, 786
medication 724
muscle mass 781
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia 600f
Nonvolume dependent forms of hypertension 463
Noradrenergic vasoconstrictor 745
Norepinephrine 38, 497
Normal
carotid upstroke 372f
PA chest film 92f
Nucleus
ambiguous 494f
tractus solitarii 493
Nutritional deficiency 608
O
Obesity 324, 329
classification of 330
Olmesartan 25
Omega-3 fatty acids 53
Open mitral commissurotomy 386f
Opening of
mitral valve 502f
tricuspid valve 192
Oral nitrates 21
Organizational accidents 818
Origins of ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death/arrest 778
Orthopnea 74, 500, 541
test 547
Orthostatic hypotension 247, 495, 498
development of 498
Osmotic diuretics 10
Ostium
primum 672
secundum 672
Oxidative stress 188
markers 509
Oxygen
consumption 121
pulse 563
uptake 561, 779
P
Pacing device evaluation 140
Palliative shunts 683
Palpable precordial impulses 81
Palpation of pulses 471
Palpitation 74
Papillary muscle 389
Paracoarctation tissue 670
Paraganglioma 745
Parathyroid disorders 747
Paravalvular
abscess 424f
regurgitation 450
Parenteral anticoagulant therapy 222
Paroxysmal
atrial tachycardia 696
AV block 283
nocturnal dyspnea 390
supraventricular tachycardia 104
Paroxysms of cough 75
Partial
pressure of oxygen 750
thromboplastin time 55, 222, 339
Parts of LVAD 585f
Parvus et tardus 372f
Patent ductus arteriosus 84, 677, 678f, 679f
Pathogenesis of
acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease 810f
coronary heart disease in HIV infection 714
transplant vasculopathy 577f
Pathology of mitral stenosis 382f
Pathophysiology of
anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy 625
pulmonary arterial hypertension 649
right ventricular failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension 651f
Patients with valvular heart disease 131
Peak
aortic systolic pressure 194f
left ventricular systolic pressure 194f
Pediatric
cardiomyopathies 610
population 76
Penetrating aortic ulcer 483f
Pentoxifylline 476
Percutaneous
alcohol septal ablation 602
aortic
balloon valvuloplasty 414
valve implantation 415
balloon
mitral valvuloplasty 410
valvotomy 411
catheterization of femoral artery 210f
coronary intervention 212, 217, 343, 345
mitral
annuloplasty 413
balloon valvotomy 416
leaflet repair 413
pulmonary valve implantation 413
pulmonic balloon valvuloplasty 413
revascularization 357
therapies for mitral regurgitation 412
transluminal coronary angioplasty 61, 222
Perhexiline 704
Pericardial
disease 144, 177, 184, 631, 641, 735
disorders 100
effusion 100, 100f, 812
inflammation
acute 724
chronic 724
Pericarditis 724
Pericardium 177, 631
Perindopril 25
Peripartum cardiomyopathy 623
Peripheral
arterial disease 66, 470
classification of 473t
vascular
disease 469
resistance 750
venous blood 461
Periprocedural fluoroscopic time 176
Perivascular tissues 722
Peroxidation of LDL 701
Persistence of perigraft perfusion 490
Persistent fever 430
PET and SPECT technology 169
Pharmacokinetics of thiazides 9
Pharmacologic
stress echo 152
protocols 154
therapy 499
Pharmacotherapy for PCI 221
Pharmacotoxicity of cocaine 706
Phenylephrine 38
Phenylpropanolamine 710
Pheochromocytoma 745
Phosphodiesterase 33f
antagonism of 540
inhibitors 38, 67
type 5
inhibitors 28, 661
Phrenic nerve 639
Pindolol 465
Pituitary
apoplexy 798
disorders 744
Plant stanols and sterols 825
Plantago ovata 825
Plasma
membrane 286f
renin activity 461
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 706
Platelet abnormalities 749
Platypnea 74
Plavix 65
Pneumocystis jirovecii 577
Polycystic ovary syndrome 772f
Polycythemia 749
Polymerase chain reaction 203
Polymyositis 723
Polysubstance abuse 709
Positron emission tomography 169, 511f
Postballoon mitral valvotomy 387f
Post-electroconvulsive therapy 726
Posterior
mitral leaflet 382f
wall of left ventricle 617f
Posteromedial commissure 382f
Postganglionic neuronal depletors 467
Postmyocardial infarction care 348
Postresuscitation care 318
Postsynaptic alpha-receptor antagonists 468
Post-transplant infection prophylaxis 577t
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 244, 498
Potassium sparing 3
agents 464
diuretics 10, 40
Potential
duration, action of 235, 292
of ventricular myocardial cell depolarizations 102
Potts anastomosis 683, 684f
PPCM, cause of 623
Prasugrel 66, 339
Prazosin 468
Precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension 646f
Predischarge submaximal test 117
Pre-ejection period 696
Pre-excitation syndromes 108, 265
Prehexiline 703
Premature ventricular contractions 127, 728
Pretransplant CVD 738
Prevalence of large-vessel peripheral arterial disease 470f
Prevention of
cardiovascular disease 65
endocarditis 431
heart failure 790
ischemic stroke 805t
RF/RHD 816
thromboembolism 260
Primary
aldosteronism 463
bronchopulmonary disease 75
chronic autonomic failure 497
coronary intervention 347
hyperparathyroidism 747
tricuspid valve disease 397
tumors 148
Principles of treatment of cardiovascular disease 738
Proarrhythmic
substrates 232
triggers 233
Procainamide 236, 237, 241, 242, 316
Prognosis of infective endocarditis 417
Prognostic
scores 569
utilization of exercise testing 127
Progression of heart failure 517
Propafenone 235, 236, 241
Prophylactic antithrombic therapy 452
Propranolol 465
Prostacyclin 649
pathways 661
Prosthetic
heart valves 433, 435f
valve 140, 454
endocarditis 449t
thrombosis 447
Proteinuria 732
Pseudoaneurysm 216
Pseudonormal filling 137
Pseudosepsis syndrome 542
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum 610
Pteridine derivatives 3
Pulmonary
angiography 752
arterial
branch 650f
hypertension 646, 648, 650f, 652, 652t, 653f, 658, 662
wedge pressure 191, 196f, 646
artery 81, 166f, 390, 678f, 679f, 687f, 692f
hypertension 183
pressure 646
systolic pressure 198, 654f, 655f
capillary
hemangiomatosis 648
wedge pressure 21f
congestion 461
disease 253
edema 97f, 619
embolism 649
rule-out criteria 753
function testing 654
hypertension 144, 390, 646649, 710, 723
classification of 647t
insufficiency 84
outflow obstruction 85
oxygen uptake 779
valve 406f
closure sound 82f, 85f
insufficiency 100
stenosis 100
vascular
disease 646
resistance 674
vein 162f, 176
veno-occlusive disease 647, 648
venous hypertension 648
ventilation-perfusion scan 656f
Pulmonic
component of second heart sound 87f, 88, 502f
regurgitant fraction 685
regurgitation 88, 148, 196
second heart sound 404, 404f
stenosis 147, 196, 404f
valve stenosis 408
Pulse Doppler across pulmonary valve 611f
Pulsus alternans, absence of 81
Punica granatum 828
Purkinje
cells 101
fibers 101
Putaminal hemorrhage 798
PVT
in association with
long QT interval 276
short QT syndrome 279
with normal QT prolongation 278
Q
QRS complex 101
characterization of 108
QT
interval 113
syndrome 230
acquired long 277
Quantify mitral regurgitation 195
Quinapril 25
Quincke’s pulse 378
Quinidine 236238, 241, 242
R
Radiation induced
coronary artery disease 643
heart disease 641, 643
myocardial disease 642
pericardial disease 641
valvular heart disease 643
Radiofrequency ablation 748
Ramipril 25
Randomized aldosterone evaluation study 26
Ranolazine 356, 703
Rate of perceived exertion 566
Reactive
arthritis 721
oxygen species 226, 742
Recent intracerebral bleed 456
Recurrent chest discomfort 350
Reduced sleep duration 829
Refinement of endomyocardial biopsy 201
Regulation of blood pressure 493
Regurgitant murmurs 84
Relative thrombogenicity of prosthetic valves 452t
Renal
arterography 461
artery stenosis 479
blood 466
flow 538
insufficiency 13
transplantation 738
Renin
angiotensin aldosterone 463
system 22, 23, 536, 733
inhibitors 467
Renovascular hypertension 458
Reperfusion 345
Respiratory
exchange ratio 563
symptoms 541
variation in mean right atrial pressure 198
Resting heart rate 496
Restoration of sinus rhythm 258
Restricted aortic valve leaflet mobility 163f
Restrictive
cardiac disorders 610t
cardiomyopathies 181, 197, 610, 638f
Resuscitation 311
Retrograde technique of balloon aortic valvuloplasty 414f
Return of spontaneous circulation 311
Revascularization 341, 363, 477, 480
Reversible causes of cardiac arrest 315t
Rheumatic
disease 370
fever 381, 810, 811, 812t, 815
heart disease 380, 381
mitral stenosis 162f
valvular heart disease 453
Rheumatoid arthritis 77, 719, 720
Rhythm
disorders and reflexes associated with RVI 366
management 575
Right anterior oblique 212
Right atrial
enlargement 143, 95, 95f
pressure 147
waveform 192f
Right atrium 92, 404
Right bundle branch block 273, 283, 284, 294, 673
Right coronary artery 180f, 213
cannulation 214
Right heart
catheterization 191, 646, 657, 679
failure 367t
Right internal jugular vein puncture 202f
Right pulmonary artery 690
Right ventricle 404
Right ventricular
assist device implantation 581
endomyocardial fibrosis 612
enlargement 93, 94f
failure 79, 390
hypertrophy 671
infarction 350, 361
outflow tract 180f, 413, 686f, 687f
systolic
and EDP 198
dysfunction 730
pressure 405f
Rigler’s rule 93
Risk of valve replacement 433
Rivaroxaban 60
Rohypnol 711
Role of
bystanders 312
computerization 820
decreased cardiac output 534
digoxin 385
dyssynchrony imaging 300
echocardiography 654
elevated central venous pressure 535
endomyocardial biopsy 205t
hyperglycemia 741
left ventricular function 765
myocardial revascularization 357
Root cause analysis 821
Roth’s spots 423
Rutherford’s categories 473t
RVOT stenosis 413
Ryanodine 321
S
S. aureus 422, 431, 448
endocarditis 430
strains 426
S. gallolyticus 422
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 825
Sarcoplasmic vacuolization 706
Saturated fat 776
Scleroderma 610, 722
Seattle heart failure model 569, 570
Second degree AV block 282
Secondary
and congenital autonomic failure 498
disorders of heart 695
prevention of
coronary heart disease 352
rheumatic fever 816
Secundum atrial septal defect 166f
Seizure disorders 726
Selective
angiography 399
serotonin reuptake inhibitors 280
Senile calcific aortic stenosis 785
Sensitivity of transesophageal echocardiogram 384
Septal
lateral dimension of mitral annulus 413
myectomy 602
Sequela of rheumatic fever 99
Serious comorbid diseases 808
Serotonin 467
Serous pericardium 631
Serum
albumin 8
electrolytes 460
glutamic pyruvic transaminase 460
levels of creatine kinase 724
Severe
aortic regurgitation
acute 88t
chronic 88t
aortic stenosis 155
cardiac failure 814
congestive heart failure 97f
heart failure 28
hemodynamic compromise 366
LV dysfunction 768
mitral regurgitation 162f, 392f, 412
pulmonary arterial hypertension 655f
symptomatic electrolyte imbalance 191
tricuspid regurgitation 399t, 400t
valvar pulmonic stenosis 407f
valvular heart disease 761
Severity of
aortic
regurgitation in adults, classification of 378t
stenosis in adults, classification of 373t
prosthetic
aortic valve regurgitation 444t
mitral valve regurgitation 446t
stenosis murmur 666
Shock, absence of 756
Short QT syndrome 320
Shy-Drager syndrome 498
Sick sinus syndrome 282
Signs
and symptoms of myocarditis 724
of congestive heart failure 168
Sildenafil 28
treatment 532
Simultaneous jugular venous pressure tracings 637f
Single photon emission computed tomography 167, 169, 773
Sinoatrial
nodal cells 231f
node 227, 230
reentry tachycardia 263
Sinus
arrhythmia 103
node disease 282
tachycardia 262
venosus 672
Sirolimus 576
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri 68
Skeletal muscle changes in heart failure 560t
Skin
abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders 76t
temperature 827
Small
molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors 627
vessel ischemia 594f
Smallest measurable orifice 146
Smooth muscle vasodilators 468
Snowman appearance of mediastinal structures 693f
Sodium
bicarbonate 2f
calcium exchanger 292
channel
blockers 237
gene 293
Sotalol 235, 237, 241, 242
Specific activity scale 73t
Spectrum of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease 734
Spiral computerized tomographic pulmonary arteriography 752f
Spironolactone 1, 7, 25, 26
Spondyloarthropathies 721
SQT syndrome 293
Stable
angina 70, 72t, 336
coronary artery disease 775
Stages of heart failure 791t
Staphylococcus aureus 736
causing acute endocarditis 417
Starr-Edwards caged-ball valve 435f
Statin therapy 766
ST-elevation myocardial infarction 347t, 707
Stem cell transplantation 621
Stereotactic radiosurgery 745
Sterile vegetation 418
Sternocleidomastoid muscle 78f
Straight back syndrome 77
Strain
derived indices 135
pattern 110
Streptococcus and Streptococcus bovis 449
Stress
cardiomyopathy 729, 730
echo and myocardial viability 154
echocardiography 150
induced
cardiomyopathy 608, 729
perfusion abnormality assessment 773
wall motion abnormality assessment 774
test 597, 737
Stroke 795
volume 123, 179
Structural
disease 255
heart disease 254
valve
assessment 161
deterioration 448
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 360
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 727f, 795, 801t
Subclavian artery stenosis 480
cause of 480
Subclinical atherosclerosis 332
Subcortical infarcts 804
Subcutaneous nodules 814
Subsegmental pulmonary arteries 751
Substances of abuse 572, 705
Subvalvular aortic stenosis 85
Sudden cardiac death 179, 293, 696
Sulfonylureas 703
Superior vena cava 92
Supraceliac aorta 489
Supradiaphragmatic variant of total anomalous pulmonary veins 692f
Supravalvar stenosis 409
Supraventricular
beats 696
tachycardia 104, 261, 262f, 267t, 728
classification of 261t
Surrogate measures of atherosclerosis 716
Survival with
cardiac transplantation 581
mechanical circulatory support 587
Suture techniques 402
Swiss cheese model for medical mistakes 819f
Sympathetic nervous system 22
Symptom of heart failure 500
Symptomatic
peripheral arterial disease 472f
systolic heart failure 521
Symptoms
and myocardial ischemia, assessment of 771
of heart failure 594
of pericarditis 633
Syncope 75, 243, 781
causes of 244
classification of 244
Syndrome of
heart failure with normal ejection fraction 610
organ hypoperfusion 360
Systemic
hypotension 539
inflammatory response syndrome 360
lupus erythematosus 389, 723, 724
release of catecholamines 726
tumor dissemination 149
vascular resistance 18, 584
Systolic
anterior motion 595f, 603
blood pressure 729, 732
dysfunction 702
detection of 702
function in nondiabetics 703
heart failure 19, 26, 502, 502f, 508t, 514, 515t, 520, 520t, 523
management 520t
remodeling 515t
murmur 84, 404, 404f
time ratio 91
T
Tachyarrhythmias 592, 781
Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy 607
Tacrolimus 576
Tadalafil 28
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy 729
Taurine 831
Telmisartan (Telma) 25
Tendon xanthoma 77
Tenecteplase 345
Terazosin 468
Tetrahydrocannabinol 710
Tetralogy of Fallot 321, 683, 685f688f, 689
Thiamine 832
Thiazide 6, 8, 11, 463, 544
diuretic 8, 523
Thiazolidinediones 791
Thienopyridines 221
Third-degree AV block 283
Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections 483
Three-dimensional echocardiography preballoon mitral valvotomy 387f
Thrombin receptor antagonists 67
Thromboembolic and bleeding complications 444
Thrombolysis 345, 755
in myocardial infarction 336, 343, 714
Thrombomodulin 749
Thrombosis 189
management 587
Thrombotic valve complications 455
Thyroid
disease 742
stimulating hormone 742
Ticagrelor 339
TIMI risk score 336t
Timolol 465
Tirofiban 68
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 528
Toe-brachial index 474
Torsade de pointes 777
Torsemide 1, 7, 536, 658
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return 691
Trace tricuspid regurgitation 197
Traditional
CHD risk factors 328
Chinese medicine 823
Trandolapril 25
Transaortic
jet velocity 376f
septal myectomy 602
Transcutaneous
aortic valve implantation 373, 375f
energy transfer system, development of 590
Transesophageal echocardiography 148, 156, 158, 158f, 159f, 160, 162f164f, 183, 399
image of tricuspid valve 400f
Transient
ischemic attack 453, 800t, 801t
throat pain 156
Transmitral flow during atrial systole 137f
Transpulmonary gradient 648
Transthoracic echocardiography 139, 144, 156
Transverse aorta 669f
Treadmill stress testing 384
Treatment of
acute
hemorrhagic stroke 807
ischemic stroke 805, 806t
cardiorenal syndrome 541
comorbid diseases 809
end-stage heart failure 568
heart failure 522t
hyperlipidemia in HIV-infected individuals 716f
hypertension 827
orthostatic hypotension/intolerance 499
pulmonary arterial hypertension 657, 662
secondary mitral regurgitation 396
strep tonsillopharyngitis 815t
symptomatic orthostatic hypotension 499
underlying amyloid disease 621
Trendelenburg position 266
Triamterene 1, 2, 7, 464
Tricuspid
insufficiency 100
regurgitation 84, 86, 147, 164f, 197, 398f, 401, 595f, 654f, 655f
stenosis 84, 88, 89t, 147, 197, 401
valve 82f, 398f
closure sound 82f
disease 397
obstruction 79
repair versus replacement 402t
replacement 401
Triglyceride lowering therapy 52
Trimetazidine 703, 704
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 577
Tropheryma whippelei 422
Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis 612
Troponin 333, 335
Truncus arteriosus 690, 690f
Turner’s syndrome 77
Types of
diastolic dysfunction 136
prevention with RF/RHD 817
prosthetic valves 434
rejection 578t
stents 223
transmitral flow 137f
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors 792
U
Ulceration of proximal segment of internal carotid artery 804f
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide 186
Uncontrolled hypertension 554
Unfractionated heparin 55, 222, 339, 441
Unstable angina 168, 333
Uremia 736
Urosemide 1
Use of
amlodipine 523
automatic external defibrillators 314
V
Vagal tone 281
Vagus nerve 498
Valsalva maneuver 159, 266, 495
Valsartan 25
Valvar pulmonic stenosis 403, 408, 670
Valve
replacement 402
thrombosis 455
Valvular
disease 177, 788
heart disease 98, 145, 182, 369, 402t, 452t, 736, 763
Valvuloplasty and valve repair 455
Vancomycin plus gentamicin 426
Vascular
complications 217
disease 458, 572, 786
endothelial growth factor 188
pedicle 98f
assessment of 98f
Vasodilator drugs and low blood pressure 19
Vasopressin 316, 463
Vasoreactivity testing 657
Vaughan-Williams classification 235
of antiarrhythmic drugs 235t
VCO2 See Carbon dioxide production
Velocity
encoding 182
time integral 134
Venous
oxygen content, determinants of 124
stasis 749
thromboembolism 54, 749
thrombosis 798
Ventricles endomyocardial fibrosis 612
Ventricular
arrhythmias 366
assist devices, classification of 582t
fibrillation 319, 350, 600f
myocardial cells 102
premature beat 390
pressures 192
remodeling 514, 526
septa 84
septal defect 666, 674, 686f
classification of site of 675f
septal
myectomy 602
rupture 361, 362
tachycardia 234, 271t, 319, 600, 764
Ventrolateral medulla 494f
Verapamil 242, 267
Verrucous lesions 725
Very low-density lipoproteins 824
Viridans group streptococci 420
Visual qualitative indicators of systolic dysfunction 135
Vitamin K
antagonists 58
epoxide reductase 59f
Volume oxygen consumption 121
Vomiting 460
Von Recklinghausen disease 649
Von Willebrand factor 706, 741
factor complex 746
Vorapaxar 67
VSDS, classification of 674
W
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia 749
Water bottle configuration 100, 100f
Waterston shunt 683, 684f
Wellen’s syndrome 334, 335f
Wenckebach second degree AV block 106
Whipple’s disease 422, 721
Wilkins valve score 411
Williams-Beuren syndrome 409
Wolff-Parkinson-White
anomaly 108
syndrome 116, 126, 265, 321, 781
Worsening renal function 534
X
Xanthomatosis 77
Z
Zofenopril 25
×
Chapter Notes

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1Manual of Cardiology2
3Manual of Cardiology
Kanu Chatterjee MBBS FRCP (London) FRCP (Edin) FCCP FACC MACP Clinical Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology The Carver College of Medicine University of lowa lowa City, lowa, USA Emeritus Professor of Medicine University of California, San Francisco California, USA
4
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Manual of Cardiology
First Edition: 2014
9789351521754
Printed at
5Preface
Our knowledge of and ability to treat all kinds of cardiovascular diseases have expanded exponentially in the past few decades. Manual of Cardiology provides an up-to-date, practical, and concise text on the evaluation, diagnosis, management, and prevention of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular disease.
The advances in cardiovascular pharmacology have also been considerable. The advantages and disadvantages of diuretic therapy, vasodilators, neurohormone modulators, positive inotropic agents, antilipid, and antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents have been discussed. The clinical pharmacology of these agents in the management of various cardiovascular disorders has been emphasized. During the last two decades, we have witnessed enormous advances in the understanding of the genesis of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, in the techniques of electrophysiologic and the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment of arrhythmias, which have been discussed in detail. The new therapeutic modalities for the management of chronic coronary artery diseases have been discovered and devoted to discussion. The diagnosis and management of valvular heart disease and heart failure are discussed in detail as well as chemotherapy and radiation-induced cardiovascular disorders. I have also added modified guidelines for the management of angina, arrhythmias, heart failure, valvular heart diseases, and perioperative cardiac evaluations.
The Manual can serve as a quick reference or a stand-alone source with a focus on hands-on therapeutic guidance for the clinicians. With numerous tables, figures, and algorithms, this book provides the reader with easily accessible information in the most appropriate manner.
Kanu Chatterjee