Manual of Urodynamics Mayank Mohan Agarwal
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1Manual of URODYNAMICS2
3Manual of URODYNAMICS
Mayank Mohan Agarwal MBBS MS (Surg) DNB (Surg) MRCS (Ed) MCh (Urol) DNB (Urol) Assistant Professor of Urology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India Urology Specialist New Medical Center Specialty Hospital Abu Dhabi, UAE Foreword Gopal Badlani
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Manual of Urodynamics
First Edition: 2014
9789351521877
Printed at
5Dedicated to
Dear readers and the patients
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7Foreword
Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.
—Benjamin Franklin
It is my pleasure to write this Foreword for Dr Mayank Mohan Agarwal's new book on Manual of Urodynamics.
To me, Urodynamics (UDS) is a study which explains the pathophysiology of many lower urinary tract symptoms and some upper urinary tract ailments. Many make it into a voodoo science and complicate it enough that most students and residents run away from it.
This manual is intended for all the students and practitioners of urology, urogynecology and gynecology, who are interested in UDS. It is well-illustrated and explains various topics related to urology in an easy-to-understand language. It is full of clinical examples with illustrative cases. The reader will be able to walk the path from initial assessment with a bladder diary to complex multichannel VUDS with the help of this manual. It also clarifies several obscure urodynamic theories and introduces novel and useful concepts (e.g. volume-normalized flow-rate index and micturitional UPP). Emphasis has been laid on making an individualized choice of different urodynamic studies using appropriate examples. He has tried to describe some difficult concepts (e.g. Schafer nomogram DAMPF) in simple language.
I have had the privilege of watching Dr Agarwal first-hand and interacted with him at numerous conferences. He has an indepth knowledge of the subject but, most importantly, he has the desire to teach and share his knowledge with many. He does so by involving the learners in the learning process rather than talk to them.
This concise book should be a handy guide for many.
Gopal Badlani MD
Professor of Urology and Vice Chair of Clinical Affairs
Department of Urology
Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
Winston Salem, NC, USA
Secretary General
American Urological Association
Baltimore, MD
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9Preface
“You must read, you must persevere, you must sit up nights, you must inquire, and exert the utmost power of your mind. If one way does not lead to the desired meaning, take another; if obstacles arise, then still another; until, if your strength holds out, you will find that clear which at first looked dark.”
—Giovanni Boccaccio
Understanding of urodynamics (UDS), literally a study of dynamics of collection and voiding of urine in lower urinary tract, is essential for any urologist treating patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. It cannot be overemphasized that the term ‘urodynamics’ encompasses simple noninvasive tests, i.e. bladder-diary, uroflowmetry as much as the complex invasive studies, i.e. video urodynamics, electromyography.
UDS has long borne a tag of being impractical/too difficult for ‘routine clinical practice’ by most urologists and, therefore, not used optimally. Moreover, there has been confusion prevailing amongst the practitioners of the craft regarding the indications of and definitions used in various urodynamic studies. The lack of interest of urologists in this marvelous ‘art’ is not entirely ill found, since there actually is a large gray area concerning indications, performance, definition and interpretation of various aspects. Over the years of my training and practice, through studies, research, interactions with experts in the field and keen observations of patients’ clinical picture, I, along with my colleagues, have been able to unfold several obscurities. While writing this Manual of Urodynamics, I have kept the following goals in mind:
To accomplish the goals and for interesting reading, the whole book has been made full of graphs, images, explanations and examples. There is a full chapter on representative clinical cases, in which I have shown how the clinical query was generated and how the appropriately performed UDS could help make clinical decisions.
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Urodynamics is an interesting and illustrative science with a lot of scope for discussion. The expected readership of this manual is students, practitioners as well as researchers of Urology, Urogynecology and Gynecology at all stages of their career, if they have an inclination of proper management of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. After reading this book, several concepts will be clarified. Nevertheless, new queries will be generated. It will be my utmost pleasure to respond to any queries, comments, complaints and suggestions of my dear readers.
Mayank Mohan Agarwal
11Acknowledgments
I am deeply indebted to my respected teachers Dr AK Mandal and Dr SK Singh for creating an environment conducive to interactive learning, encouragement and development in our department. My colleague Dr Ravimohan has always been there for discussion, constructive criticism and suggestions in every aspect of my professional life, and writing of this book being no exception. I can never thank enough my residents, the pillars for years of my clinical and research work in the field of urodynamics. I'd particularly like to thank Dr Yogesh, Dr Saurabh, Dr Manish, Dr Sathish, Dr Sudheer, Dr Sunirmal, Dr Mayur, Dr Shiva, Dr Kishore, Dr Krishna Kishore and Dr Ranjan.
My lovely wife Dr Niti and children Aryan and Atharv are my ultimate source of inspiration and encouragement in whatever I do, including this work. I cannot describe gratitude towards my and my wife's parents in words for being always there and for their unspoken appreciation and encouragement.
Lastly, I am grateful to my patients, who helped me understand the intricacies of lower urinary tract function, through keen interaction with them and through ethical research.
Thank You God!
15Abbreviations AG
Abrams-Griffiths number
BOOI
Bladder outlet obstruction index
cQave
Volume-Corrected Qave
cQmax
Volume-Corrected Qmax
DAMPF
Detrusor adjusted mean passive urethral resistance relation factor
DCI
Detrusor contractility index
DOI
Detrusor overactivity index
LUT
Lower urinary tract
LUTS
Lower urinary tract symptoms
MCC
Maximum cystometric capacity
MUCP
Maximum urethral closure pressure
OCO
Obstruction coefficient
Pabd
Abdominal pressure
Pclo
Urethral closure pressure
Pdet
Detrusor pressure
Pura
Urethral pressure
Pves
Vesical pressure
PVR
Postvoid residual urine
Qave
Average flow rate
Qmax
Maximum flow rate
UDS
Urodynamic study
UPP
Urethral pressure profilometry
VE
Voiding efficiency
VUDS
Video-urodynamic study
VV
Voided volume