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Modern Textbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Putul Mahanta

SECTION 1: FORENSIC MEDICINE
CHAPTER 1:Introduction and History of Forensic Medicine
- WHAT IS FORENSIC MEDICINE?
- AUTOPSY
  - Religious and Social Attitudes of Autopsy6
- PHYLOGENESIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE IN INDIA
- FUTURE OF FORENSIC MEDICINE
CHAPTER 2:Legal Procedures
- LEGAL PROCEDURES
- INQUEST
  - Definition
  - Types of Inquest
- COURTS
- PUNISHMENT (LEGAL SENTENCES) AUTHORIZED BY LAW IN INDIA
- MEDICAL EVIDENCE
- WITNESS
  - Types of Witness
    - Common or Ordinary Witness
    - Expert or Skilled Witness
- OFFENCE
  - Types of Offence
  - Procedure of Attendance in the Court
- DUTY OF A DOCTOR AS A WITNESS IN THE COURT
CHAPTER 3:Medical Law and Ethics
- MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA
- ETHICAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL PRACTICE
- REGISTERED MEDICAL PRACTITIONER
- UNETHICAL ACTS
- PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT
- LEGAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL PRACTICE
  - Different Acts (Evasion of Legal Restrictions)
- MCI AND MEDICAL RECORD
- CONSENT
- MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE
- CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986
  - Consumer Redressal Forum
  - Salient Features of Consumer Protection Act (CPA)
- BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- ETHICS AND MEDICAL RESEARCH (HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION)
CHAPTER 4:Euthanasia (Mercy Killing)
- DEFINITION
- HISTORY
- PHYSICIAN SENTIMENT
- TYPES OF EUTHANASIA
- PROS AND CONS
- MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE
CHAPTER 5:Identification
- TYPES OF IDENTIFICATION
- MEDICOLEGAL CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE IDENTIFICATION IS NEEDED
- CORPUS DELICTI (THE ESSENCE OF CRIME)
- POINTS TO BE NOTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF IDENTIFICATION
  - Commonly Recorded Data for both Living and Dead
  - Methods of Identification of Living Person
  - Methods of Identification of Dead Person
  - Identification Based on Advanced Laboratory Test
  - Identification: Special Techniques
- DETERMINATION OF RACE
- RELIGION AND CASTE
- DETERMINATION OF SEX
  - Why Sex Determination is Important?
  - Identification of Sex
  - Determination of Sex of an Individual
  - Troubles in Sex Determination
- DETERMINATION OF AGE
  - Age of the Fetus
  - Appearances of Ossification Centers
  - Age from Birth till 25 Years
    - Physical Examination for Age Estimation
  - Dental Examination for Age Estimation
  - Radiological Examination for Age Estimation
    - Appearance and Fusion of Ossification Centers
    - Disturbance in Skeletal Growth and Maturation
  - Medicolegal Importance of Age
- STATURE
  - Stature of Dismembered Body
- ANTHROPOMETRY (BERTILLON SYSTEM)
  - Principle
- FINGERPRINT SYSTEM
  - Definition
  - Principle of Use
  - Historical Background
  - Classification
  - Latent Prints
  - Patent Prints
  - Plastic Prints
  - The Individuality of Fingerprints
  - Mode of Production
  - Techniques of Fingerprints
  - Lifting of Fingerprints
  - Fingerprints in Decomposed Bodies
  - Mutilation of Fingerprints
  - Medicolegal Importance
  - Poroscopy (Figure 5.19)
  - Palm Prints
- FOOTPRINTS (PODOGRAM)
- LIP PRINTS (CHEILOSCOPY)
  - Definition
  - History
  - Features
- EAR PRINTS
- NOSE PRINT
- RUGOSCOPY (PALATOPRINTS)
- SUPERIMPOSITION (FIGURE 5.22)
  - Technique
  - Comparison Points
  - Computer-assisted Skull Identification Using Video Superimposition
- DEFORMITIES AND BIRTHMARKS
  - Birthmarks
- SCARS
  - Examination
  - Characters
  - Growth
  - Age of Scars
  - Medicolegal Importance
- TATTOO MARKS
  - Complications
  - Erasures
  - Medicolegal Importance
- DISEASE, WOUNDS AND STAINS
  - Disease
  - Wounds
  - Stains
- OCCUPATIONAL STIGMATA
  - Recent and Temporary
  - Permanent
- COMPLEXION AND FEATURES
- CLOTHES AND ORNAMENTS
- HAIR
  - Human Hair
- FIBERS
  - Difference between Human and Animal Hair
  - Medicolegal Questions
  - Medicolegal Importance of Hair and Fiber
- MISCELLANEOUS
  - Handwriting (Calligraphy)
  - Speech and Voice
  - Gait
  - Tricks of Manner and Habit
  - Memory and Education
CHAPTER 6:Forensic Osteology
- EXAMINATION OF SKELETAL REMAINS
- GROWTH IN INDIVIDUAL BONES
- SKULL
- MANDIBLE
- FEMUR
- TIBIA
  - Sex
  - Stature
  - Race
  - Age
- FIBULA
- SCAPULA
  - Age
- CLAVICLE
- HUMERUS
- RADIUS
  - Sex
  - Age
- ULNA
- STERNUM
  - Sex
  - Age
- HYOID BONE
- PELVIS AND HIPBONE
- SACRUM
- VERTEBRAE
- SMALL BONES OF HAND AND FEET
  - Age from Small Bones of Hand
  - Age from Small Bones of Foot
CHAPTER 7:Forensic Odontology
- FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE
- DEFINITION
- HISTORICAL EVENTS
- DENTAL RECORDS
- DENTITION
- CHARTING OF TEETH
- DENTAL IDENTIFICATION
- ROLE OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGIST
  - Forensic Odontologists are Involved in Six Main Areas of Practice
- DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND CHILD ABUSE
- CIVIL CASES IN MALPRACTICE
- AGE AND SEX DETERMINATION
- ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FIELD OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
- RECENT ADVANCES IN FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
- LIMITATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS OF POISONINGS
CHAPTER 8:Forensic DNA Typing
- INTRODUCTION TO DNA
- USES OF DNA TYPING IN FORENSIC INVESTIGATION
  - Paternity Disputes
  - Usefulness of DNA Profiling
CHAPTER 9:Thanatology
- TYPES OF DEATH
  - Somatic or Clinical or Systemic Death
  - Molecular or Cellular Death (Few Minutes to Hours)
- WHAT IS BRAIN DEATH?
- DEATH CERTIFICATE
- MANNER OF DEATH
- MECHANISM OF DEATH
- MODES OF DEATH
- SUDDEN DEATH
  - Causes of Sudden Death
    - Cardiac Tamponade
- CHANGES AFTER DEATH
- SUSPENDED ANIMATION (APPARENT DEATH)
- POSTMORTEM INTERVAL (PMI) OR TIME SINCE DEATH (TSD)
CHAPTER 10:Autopsy
- DEFINITION
- HISTORY
- TYPES OF AUTOPSY1,3–6
- EXAMINATION1,3–12
- VISCERA EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE1,3–6,10,11
  - Dissection of Different Organs
- FETAL AND PERINATAL AUTOPSY
- SAMPLES TO BE PRESERVED
CHAPTER 11:Mechanical Injury
- SOME TERMS OF MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE
- BIOPHYSICS OF INJURY
  - Physical Factors Affecting Injury
  - Biological Factors Affecting Injury
- PRINCIPLES OF CELL INJURY3
- TYPES OF INJURY
- ABRASION
- CONTUSION
- LACERATION
- INCISED WOUNDS
- STAB OR PUNCTURE WOUNDS
CHAPTER 12:Firearm Injuries
- TERMINOLOGIES
- GENERAL MAKE UP OF FIREARM
- CLASSIFICATION OF FIREARMS
- SMOOTH BORE FIREARM INJURY
- RIFLED FIREARMS
- RIFLED FIREARMS OR SHOTGUN INJURIES
- IDENTIFICATION OF THE WEAPON
- ROLE OF PHYSICIAN IN FIREARM INJURIES
  - Do's
  - Don'ts
CHAPTER 13:Regional Injuries
- BRIEF ANATOMICAL REVIEW OF HEAD
- HEAD INJURY
  - External Injuries on the Head and the Face
    - Specific Features and Peculiarities of Blunt Force Injuries on the Head and the Face
    - Periorbital Hematoma
- INJURY TO THE BONES OF THE HEAD
- INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES
- HEAD INJURY AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY
- INJURY TO NECK
- INJURIES ON THE CHEST
- ABDOMINAL INJURIES
- INJURIES ON LIMBS
- INJURIES TO PRIVATE PARTS
- INJURIES TO THE SPINAL CORD
CHAPTER 14:Road Traffic Injuries
- DEFINITION
- BRIEF REVIEW OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
- MECHANISM OF INJURY PRODUCTION
- PATTERN OF ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
- SAFETY DEVICES
  - Seat Belts
  - Other Safety Features
- INJURIES OF MOTORCYCLISTS
  - Causes of Motorcycle Accident
- ACCIDENT PREVENTION
CHAPTER 15:Thermal Injuries
- BRIEF REVIEW OF BURNS
- CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL INJURIES
  - Injuries Due to High Temperature (Heat)
  - Injuries Due to Low Temperature (Cold)
- INJURIES DUE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE (HEAT)
  - Generalized Effects of Heat
  - Localized Effects of Heat
- SCALD
  - Characteristics
  - Medicolegal Importance
- INJURIES DUE TO LOW TEMPERATURE (COLD)
  - Generalized Effects of Cold
    - Hypothermia
  - Localized Effects of Cold
- ELECTRICAL INJURIES
- LIGHTNING
  - Lightning Injuries
  - Complications
CHAPTER 16:Medicolegal Aspects of Injuries
- INJURY
- OFFENCE
  - Classification of Offence
- TYPES OF WEAPON
  - Dangerous Weapon
- LEGAL ISSUES OF INJURIES
- HOMICIDE
- SOME IMPORTANT IPC
- MANNER, MODE AND MECHANISM OF DEATH
- INJURY CERTIFICATE/REPORT
  - Data for Injury Certificate
CHAPTER 17:Asphyxial Deaths
- DEFINITION OF ASPHYXIA
- GORDON'S CLASSIFICATION OF DEATH
  - Asphyxia Begets Asphyxia
- CLASSICAL SIGNS OF ASPHYXIA
- CLASSIFICATION OF ASPHYXIA (FIGURE 17.2)
  - Non-mechanical
  - Mechanical
- HANGING
- STRANGULATION
- SUFFOCATION
- DROWNING
CHAPTER 18:Anesthetic Procedures and Death
- BRIEF REVIEW
- CLASSIFICATION OF ANESTHETIC DEATHS
- TYPES OF ANESTHESIA USED IN SURGICAL PROCEDURE6
  - Preanesthetic Medication
  - Mechanism of Action
    - Muscle Relaxant Used for Intubation6
- CAUSES OF DEATH DUE TO GENERAL ANESTHESIA
CHAPTER 19:Starvation Death
- DEFINITION
- TYPES OF STARVATION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Acute Starvation
  - Chronic Starvation
- CAUSES OF STARVATION
  - Causes of Death
- POSTMORTEM FINDINGS
  - External Examination
  - Internal Examination
- MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE
CHAPTER 20:Impotence, Frigidity and Sterility
- MALE IMPOTENCE
- POTENCY TEST
- FRIGIDITY
- STERILITY
- STERILIZATION
- ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
- SURROGATE MOTHER
CHAPTER 21:Pregnancy, Delivery, Legitimacy and Paternity
- PREGNANCY
  - When a Female is examined for Signs of Pregnancy or Delivery?
- DIAGNOSIS OF PREGNANCY IN LIVING WOMEN
- SIGNS OF PREGNANCY IN THE DEAD
- GESTATIONAL PERIOD
- CERTAIN MEDICOLEGAL TERM
- DELIVERY
  - Signs of Delivery
- SIGNS OF RECENT DELIVERY IN THE LIVING
- SIGNS OF RECENT DELIVERY IN THE DEAD
- SIGNS OF REMOTE DELIVERY IN THE LIVING
- SIGNS OF REMOTE DELIVERY IN THE DEAD
- LEGITIMACY AND PATERNITY
  - When Question of Legitimacy Arises?
CHAPTER 22:Abortion and MTP Act
- DEFINITION OF ABORTION
- INCIDENCE
- CLASSIFICATION OF ABORTION
CHAPTER 23:Infanticide
- DEFINITION
- MOTIVE FOR INFANTICIDE
  - Feticide
  - Neonaticide
- MEDICOLEGAL QUERIES
- BATTERED BABY SYNDROME
- SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME
  - History
  - Features
- MUNCHAUSEN'S SYNDROME
  - Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy
  - Treatment
- SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
- FEMALE FETICIDE
  - Objective of PC and PNDT Act 1996
  - PCPNDT Act 200321
CHAPTER 24:Virginity, Sexual Offences and Perversions
- VIRGINITY
  - Signs of Virginity
    - Breast Signs
    - Genital Signs
- HYMEN
- SEXUAL OFFENCES
  - Classification of Sexual Offences (Figure 24.5)
- INDECENT ASSAULT (MOLESTATION), SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND PUNISHMENT
- RAPE
- INCEST
- ADULTERY
- UNNATURAL SEXUAL OFFENCES
- SEXUAL PERVERSIONS/PARAPHILIAS
- SEMINAL FLUID
CHAPTER 25:Forensic Psychiatry
- CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS1
- DISTURBANCES OF PERCEPTION
  - Hallucination
    - Types of Hallucination
  - Illusion2
    - Types of Illusion
- DISORDERS OF THOUGHT AND SPEECH
- COMMONLY USED TERMS IN FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY PRACTICE
- PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS OF MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE
- PSYCHOSIS AND NEUROSIS
- MENTAL HEALTH ACT 1987
  - Restraining of Mentally Ill
  - Escape and Recapture of Mentally ill
- JUDICIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF INSANE OFFENDERS
- CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
- INSANITY IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
- CIVIL RESPONSIBILITIES OF INSANE
CHAPTER 26:Postmortem Artefacts
- DEFINITION
- TYPES OF ARTEFACT
- MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE
  - Case Report No: 1
  - Case Report No: 2
CHAPTER 27:Forensic Serology
- BLOOD
- SEMEN
- VAGINAL FLUIDS
- SALIVA
CHAPTER 28:Crime Scene Investigation
- WHAT IS CRIME SCENE?
- EXAMINATION OF THE CRIME SCENE
- MUST FOR CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONS
- DO NOT'S OF CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATIONS
  - A Case Report
CHAPTER 29:Medicolegal Importance of People Living with HIV/AIDS
- HISTORY
- BRIEF REVIEW
- MODES OF TRANSMISSION
- RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES FOR PATIENTS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS UNDER INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM
- SOME LEGISLATIONS FOR CONTROL OF HIV
- DECLARING HIV STATUS OF POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS IN DEATH CERTIFICATE
- OFFENCES, PENALTIES AS LAID UNDER “THE DRUGS AND COSMETIC ACT, 1940”
  - Notation to be used in Case Sheets
- AN APPROACH TO MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY OF HIV INFECTED CASE
- UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
CHAPTER 30:Human Rights, Custodial Torture and Deaths
- SOME IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
- TORTURE
- CUSTODIAL DEATH INVESTIGATIONS: NHRC GUIDELINES
  - Some Statutory Safeguards
  - Alleged Victim of Custodial Torture: Photographic Documentation of Injuries
CHAPTER 31:Techniques in Museum
- FUNCTIONS OF A WELL-ORGANIZED MUSEUM
- BASIC MUSEUM TECHNIQUES
- SPECIAL MUSEUM TECHNIQUES
- VIRTUAL MUSEUMS
CHAPTER 32:Forensic Science Laboratory
- FORENSIC SCIENCE IN INDIA
  - The Chronological Order of Few Events Related to Forensic Science in India is as below2 (Table 32.1)
- FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY
  - Common Types of Physical Exhibits Encountered in FSL
- THE ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP OF FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY
- A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF SOME OF THE TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES USED IN FSL
SECTION 2: TOXICOLOGY
CHAPTER 33:General Consideration of Toxicology
- WHAT IS TOXICOLOGY?
- DEFINITION OF POISON
- NATURE OF POISONING IN INDIA1–4
- ACTION OF POISON
- CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS5,7
- DECONTAMINATION
  - Removal of the Patient from Poisoned Environment
  - Elimination of the Absorbed Poison
- ANTIDOTE THERAPY
CHAPTER 34:Medicolegal Aspect of Toxicology
- BRIEF STATISTICAL REVIEW OF THE POISONING CASES
- ROLE OF A DOCTOR IN DEALING WITH POISONING CASE
  - Other Formalities
- OPINION ON POISONING CASES
- LAWS RELATING TO POISON IN INDIA
- POISONS AND RELATED INDIAN PENAL CODES
  - Suicide
CHAPTER 35:Corrosive Poisons
- DEFINITION
  - Different Corrosive Poisons
- INORGANIC ACIDS
- ACID THROWING
- CORROSIVE ALKALIS
- AMMONIA
CHAPTER 36:Inorganic Irritants: Non-metallic Poisons
- INORGANIC IRRITANT POISONS
- IODINE
- PHOSPHORUS
CHAPTER 37:Inorganic Irritants: Metallic Poisons
- METALLIC POISON
- ARSENIC (AS)
- LEAD (PB)
- MERCURY (Hg)
- COPPER (CU)
- SILVER (Ag)
- GOLD (Au)
- THALLIUM (TI)
- IRON (Fe)
- METAL FUME FEVER
CHAPTER 38:Organic Irritants of Plants and Vegetables Origin
- TOXIC PRINCIPLE IN PLANT
- ABRUS
- CASTOR
- CROTON
- CAPSICUM
- CALOTROPIS
- MARKING NUT
- PLUMBAGO
- COLOCYNTH
- ERGOT ON RYE
CHAPTER 39:Organic Irritants of Animal Origin
- ORGANIC IRRITANTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN
- SNAKES
  - Classification of Snakes4
- THE BIG FOUR (IN INDIA)5,6
- RELEVANT ANATOMY
  - Venom Delivery Apparatus4,6
- IDENTIFICATION OF POISONOUS AND NON-POISONOUS SNAKES7
  - Snake Venom4,5
    - Polypeptide Toxins
- SNAKE BITE
- MANAGEMENT OF SNAKE BITE3,9,10
- ANTI-SNAKE VENOM (ASV) SERUM POLYVALENT
- OTHER SIGNIFICANT BITES AND STINGS IN INDIAN SCENARIO
  - Wasp and Bee Sting5
    - Clinical Features
    - Management
  - Scorpion Stings5
- CANTHARIDES
CHAPTER 40:Mechanical Irritants
- MECHANICAL IRRITANT
CHAPTER 41:Somniferous Poisons
- WHAT ARE ALKALOIDS?
- OPIUM OR AFIM
- HEROIN (DIACETYLMORPHINE)
- CODEINE (3 METHYLMORPHINE)
- THEBAINE AND PAPAVERINE
CHAPTER 42:Alcohol and Alcoholism
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- INTRODUCTION
- ETHYL ALCOHOL (ETHANOL)
- DRUNKENNESS
- AGENCIES WORKING FOR CURBING ALCOHOLISM
- METHYL ALCOHOL
CHAPTER 43:Agricultural Poisons
- CLASSIFICATION
- ORGANOPHOSPHATES
- ORGANOCHLORINES
- CARBAMATES
- PYRETHRUM, PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS
- PARAQUAT POISONING
- HAZARDS OF PESTICIDES
CHAPTER 44:Cardiac Poisons
- DIGITALIS (CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE)
- TOBACCO
- COMMON OLEANDER
- YELLOW OLEANDER
- ACONITE
- HYDROCYANIC ACID
CHAPTER 45:Deliriants and Psychotropic Poisons
- DATURA (ANTICHOLINERGICS)
- CANNABIS
- COCAINE
CHAPTER 46:Spinal Poisons
- SPINAL POISON
- STRYCHNINE
CHAPTER 47:Peripheral Nerve Poison
- CURARE
- CONIUM MACULATUM (FIGURE 47.2)
CHAPTER 48:Asphyxiants (Toxic Gases)
- CLASSIFICATION OF ASPHYXIANTS OR TOXIC GASES
- CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
- CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
- HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)
- PHOSPHINE
CHAPTER 49:Paracetamol and Salicylates
- SALICYLATES
- PARACETAMOL
CHAPTER 50:Food Poisoning
- WHAT IS FOOD POISONING?
  - Classification of Food Poisoning
- BACTERIA
- VIRAL AGENTS
- PROTOZOAL AGENTS
- FUNGAL (MUSHROOM POISONING)
- PLANTS
- CHEMICALS
  - MSG (Monosodium Glutamate)
  - Lathyrus Sativus
    - Clinical Features
- POISONING BY FISH AND MARINE ORGANISMS
CHAPTER 51:Substance Abuse
- BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
- DEFINITIONS
- SOME COMMONLY ABUSED SUBSTANCES AND THEIR EFFECTS
CHAPTER 52:Weapons of Mass Destruction
- WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION
- CHEMICAL WARFARE OR WEAPON
- BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS (POOR MAN'S WMD)
- RADIOLOGICAL WEAPON
  - Autopsy on a Radioactive Body
- NUCLEAR WEAPON
- MASS DISASTER MANAGEMENT (FOCUS ON ROLE OF MEDICOLEGAL EXPERT)
SECTION 3: ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE 1:PROFORMA FOR AGE CERTIFICATION
ANNEXURE 2:PROFORMA FOR INJURY CERTIFICATE
ANNEXURE 3:PROFORMA FOR EXAMINATION OF A SEX CRIME (VICTIM)
ANNEXURE 4:PROFORMA FOR EXAMINATION OF AN ACCUSED OF SEXUAL OFFENCE
ANNEXURE 5:PROFORMA FOR EXAMINATION OF A SODOMY CASE
ANNEXURE 6:REQUISITION FOR RADIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
ANNEXURE 7:LETTER FOR PERMISSION FOR ANALYSIS OF VISCERA, BLOOD, ETC. AT STATE FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY
ANNEXURE 8:VISCERA LABELING FORM
ANNEXURE 9:FINAL OPINION FORM AFTER CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF VISCERA OR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TISSUE
ANNEXURE 10:DEAD BODY DISPOSAL CERTIFICATE AFTER AUTOPSY
ANNEXURE 11:FIRST INFORMATION REPORT
ANNEXURE 12:FORM FOR DESPATCHING VISCERA/ BODY FLUIDS FOR CHEMICAL EXAMINATION
ANNEXURE 13:EXAMINATION OF A CASE OF DRUNKENNESS
ANNEXURE 14:Fetal and Perinatal Autopsy—A Holistic Approach
- PRE-REQUISITE
- PRECAUTIONS
- CASE REPORTS
- CONCLUSION

INDEX

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Index

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Chapter Notes