A
Abberent calcifications in orofacial region, 514
Acetic acid, 85
Acoustic meatus, external, 162
Acquired anomalies, 240
of teeth, 257
abfraction, 259
abrasion, 258
attrition, 257
dental floss injury, 258
dentinal sclerosis, 261
erosion, 259
external resorption, 260
internal resorption, 259
secondary dentin, 261
toothbrush injury, 258
Acquired concrescence, 246
Acquisition configuration, 167
Acute
apical
abscess, 274
management, 275
management, 274
management, 275
gingivitis, 233
infections of periapical tissues, 273
leukemia, 415
periapical abscess, 275f
signs, general effect of, 32
subperiosteal osteomyelitis, 287
management, 287
suppurative osteomyelitis, 286
ulcerative gingivitis, 233
Adamantinoma, 345
Adamantoblastoma, 345
Adenoameloblastoma, 352
Adipose tissue origin, 344
Adotomes embryolastiques, 345
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, 301
African jaw lymphoma See Burkitt’s lymphoma
Age determination from cementum annulation, 612
Aggressive ossifying fibroma, 429
Agranulocytic angina, 312
Alara principle, 35
Aleukemia cell, 415
Alpha thalassemia, 311
Alveolar
artery, posterior superior, 587
bone, determine long axis of, 586
crest, 201
nerve from mandibular foramen to mental foramen, path of inferior, 591f
process
definition, fractures of, 535
management, fractures of, 536
ridge
in CBCT cross-sections, 583f
invasive carcinoma of, 397f
Ameloblastic
definition, 368
management, 368
definition, 368
management, 369
odontoma, 369
definition, 369
management, 369
Ameloblastoma, 216, 299, 320, 331, 339, 341, 345, 346, 348f, 349, 353, 361, 368, 370, 384, 386, 391, 418, 431
classification of, 349t
definition, 345
Amelogenesis imperfect, abnormalities in structure, 251
American Joint Committee, 565
Ammonium thiosulfate, 85
Amorphorous calcifications, 436f
Amputation neuroma, 386
Analog imaging modalities, 574
Analysis of intraosseous lesions, 214
Anemia, 313
Aneurysmal varix, 385
Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, 243
Ankylosis, 468
complete, 468
definition, 468
management, 471
of right TMJ, 469f
spondylitis, 464
definition, 464
management, 464
Anterior
alveolar cyst, 337
definition, 337
management, 337
disc displacement
position with complete, 472f
with effusion, 466f
without reduction and crumpled disc, 472f
displacement, 473
loop traced and determined on cone beam computed tomography, 595f
midline oblique lower occlusal technique, 604f
palatine foramen, 202
Anterolateral portion of left maxilla, 355f
Anteromedial displacement, 473
Anthrolith in sinus, 510f
Antibiotics, 292
Anti-Koch’s therapy, 455f
Antrum of highmore See Maxillary sinus, anatomy of
Apparent micrognathia, 264
Arachnodactyly, 440
Arterial calcification, 506
Arteriosclerosis See Monckerberg’s medial calcinosis
Arthritic conditions, 458
Arthrography, 448
Arthrosis deformans juvenilis, 456
Articulate tubercule, 443
Aspergillosis, 493
Atom, 11
Atomic weight, 11
Auspitz’s sign, 463
Autopsy, digital, 616
AV malformations, calcifications in, 509f
B
Bacterial sialadenitis, 558
Beam hardening, 180
Benign
ameloblastoma, 395
autosomal dominant, 438
definition, 358
management, 359
cyst of antrum, 487
giant cell tumor, 304
lymphoepithelial lesion, 559
mixed tumor, 563
mucous cyst, 487
neoplasms, 489
neural tumors, 387
odontogenic
cysts, 494
introduction, 343
malignancy, 491
malignant tumors, 474
of jaws, 343
Benzotriazole, 84
Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 310
Beta thalassemia, 311
Bifid condyle, 456f
Bifid condyle See Double condyle
Bilateral
blockage of Wharton’s duct, 338
condylar fracture, 537f
hypoplasia, case of, 454
TMJ ankylosis, 470f
Binder’s syndrome, 484
Biological tissue
acute exposure, action of, 31
chronic exposure, action of, 31
direct, action of, 29
effect
cellular levels, action of, 30
on cell kinetics, action of, 30
genetic damage, action of, 31
indirect action, action of, 29
long-term effects, action of, 31
short-term effects, action of, 31
stomatic damage, action of, 31
Bite
film, 72
wing
films, 72
projection, 115f
radiograph of molar region, 115f
technique bony out growths, 116
edentulous spaces, 116
indications film holder and bite wing tab, 114
indications film, 114
indications principles, 114
modifications in, 116
Blast cell leukemia See also Stem cell leukemia
Blow-out fracture, 500
Blue domed cyst, 324
Blurred image on radiograph, 61f
Body mandible region with expansion of inferior border of mandible, 424f
Boeing’s arthrosis, 456
Bohn’s nodules, 323
availability of, 583t
density measurement, 583
dimensions, 580
for implant planning by Chanavaz, classification of, 581t
height available for implant
planning, classification of, 581t
classification of, 581t
disappearing, 442
forming tumors, 513
fracture of, 516
fractured, limitations of radiographic interpretation of, 517
height
assessment of, 582f
determine, 580
lesions, other, 435
loss around implant, complete, 598f
manifested in jaws, diseases of, 419
marrow, 32
marrow syndrome, 34
quality, 147t
determine, 581
remodeling of, 148
scan, 143
scintigraphy, 142f
tissue origin, 344
volume classifies, 583t
width
assessment of, 582f
determine, 580
Bony
growths, 110
landmarks of
mandible and surrounding structures, 163
maxilla and surrounding structures, 162
Botryoid odontogenic cyst, 323
Brain and nervous system cancers, 31
Braking radiation, 25
Branchial cleft cyst, 338
Bremsstrahlung radiation, 25
B-scans, types of, 144
Bush in winter appearance, 550
C
Café au lait spots See also Skin
Caffey-Silverman syndrome, 437
Calcified mixed odontoma, 370
Calcifying
crown, 357
epithelial odontogenic cyst, 327
definition, 327
management, 328
definition, 350
fibrous epulis, 367
Calcinosis, 514
Calcinosis See also Idiopathic calcification
Calculi, sialographic appearances of, 551
Caldwell’s projection, 124
Caldwell’s posteroanterior, 483
Caldwell-Luc operation, 491
Callus formation, 437
Capsulitis, 480
Capsulitis See also Capsular pain
Carbohydrate metabolism, disturbances in, 303
Carcinoma
arising in dental cyst, 396
ex-mixed tumor, 567
ex-pleomorphic adenoma, 567
ex-mixed tumor, 567
ex-odontogenic cyst, 396
maxilla, 400f
of alveolar ridge, 398f
of maxilla, 399f
of right maxilla, 398f
Cardiovascular and central nervous system syndrome, 34
Caries
buccal, 220f
in mandibular
first molar, secondary, 222f
premolar, 222f
occlusal, 220f
proximal, 220f
representation of, 220f
root surface, 220f
secondary, 220f
Carpal ossifications in boys and girls, appearance of, 615f
Cataracts, 31
Cavitary sialectases, 560
CBCT
advantages of, 177
applications in
implant site assessment, 173f
TMJ assessment, 172f
cross-sectional view peri implantitis, 597f
imaging, limitations of, 178
in implant planning, applications of, 580
system of
large field of view, 169f
small field of view, 168f
CCD See Cleidocranial dysplasia
CCD sensor, 193f
Cell
kinetics
death, effect on, 30
mitotic delay, effect on, 30
recovery, effect on, 30
sarcoma
management, primary reticular, 414
primary reticular, 414
types, 415
Cemental caries, 222
Cementosseous dysplasia, 436f
Cementum, 367
Cemeticles, 356
chronic hemorrhagic osteomyelitis, 431
giant cell
reparative granuloma, 431
tumor, 431
myeloid sarcoma, 431
osteoclastoma, 431
Central
hemangioma, 431
malignancy, 402f
mandible, 395
mucoepidermoid
carcinoma, 417
definition, 417
management, 418
tumor, 395
trabeculae, loss of, 298
Cephalometry, 612
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, 238
Chin rest, consists of, 156
Chloroma, 415
Chondrogenic sarcoma See Chondrosarcoma
Chondromasarcoma, 363
Chronic
adrenal insufficiency of adrenal cortex, 301
management, 279
management, 278
bacterial infections, 559
management, 559
focal sclerosing osteomyelitis, 359
gingivitis, 233
hemorrhagic osteomyelitis, 389
infections of periapical tissues, 277
inflammation of lining of maxillary sinus, 491f
leukemia, 415
mandibular hypomobility, 449
osteitis, 428
angle of mandible and condyle of, 284f
of body of mandible, 284f
sialadenitis, 558f
signs, general effect of, 32
sinusitis, 486f
subperiosteal osteomyelitis, 289
suppurative osteomyelitis, 288
ulcers, 393
Chronologic age, 606
Cirsoid aneurysm, 385
Civilian type fractures, 535
Clear cell odontogenic
carcinoma See also Clear cell odontogenic tumor
tumor, 397
definition, 397
management, 397
Cleft palate, 265f
Cleidocranial dysplasia, 266
Coagulation, disorders of, 310
Coin test for unsafe light illumination, 87f
Collimators, types of, 80
Compton absorption, 18f
Condenser chamber, 17
Condylar
definition, 449
hypoplasia, 452
definition, 452
management, 454
of left condyle, 453f
movement, 446
tumor, 471
Conical PID, 22
Connective tissue origin, 344
Continuous spectrum, 15
Continuous ultrasound, 144
Contralateral orbit, centered over TMJ of interest, 135f
Contrast and density, relationship between, 50
Contrast media, types of, 548t
Cooley’s anemia, 311
Cordless sensor, 193f
Coronoid
fractures, 539
definition, 539
definition, 457
management, 458
level, coronal view, 187f
tumors, 474
Correct horizontal angulation, 108f
Correct vertical angulations, 107
Cosmic rays, 14
Crack, infraction of, 521
Cranio-cleido-dysostosis, 266
Craniofacial
disjunction LeFort III, 531
definition, 531
management, 532
dysostosis, 268
definition, 268
definition, 497
Craniopharyngioma See also Tumors, presence of
Crestal bone, 574
Crown
and horizontal root fracture, 521f
and root fractures, 524
definition, 524
management, 524
infraction of, 521
meets roots, 109
Crystalline calcium tungstate, 76
CT angiography, 149
Curvature of palate, 99
Curved planar reformation, 172f
Cutaneous abnormalities, 321
Cystic
ameloblastoma, 327
cavities in jaws, 349
compound odontoma, 374
hygroma, 338
lesions, 561
definition, 561
management, 561
odontoma, 370
Cysticerci, 505
D
Darkroom, 85
Day light method, 92
Deciduous teeth, development of, 607f
Density of object, 601
Dental
anomalies, 240
classification of, 240t
applications of lasers, 14
caries, 219
comparison, 600
conditions associated with periodontal diseases, 237
crown fracture, 521
definition, 521
management, 522
cyst, 428
cyst See also Periapical cyst
infected, 396
diagnostic radiations, 31
fragments, 616
identification, comparative, 600
implant
fixtures, 617t
on radiographs, identification of, 618
lamina cyst, 323
of newborn, 323
panoramic radiograph, systemic sequence for viewing, 214
radiology in forensic odontology,
role of, 600
root
end cyst, 280
fracture, 522
definition, 522
management, 523
skiagrams, 4
X-ray
film, 73
machine aluminum discs, 21
discsadded filtration, 21
discsinherent filtration, 21
machine, 20
circuit, 24f
control panel, 20
lead collimator, 21
position indicating device, 21
tube head, 20
insulating oil, 20
metal housing, 20
seal, 21
occurs in X-ray tube, production of, 25f
production of, 25
tube head, 20f
Dentsply XiVE implant, 617
Deposits of metallic silver, 84
Dermoid cyst, 337
definition, 337
types, 337
lateral variety, 337
management, 338
median variety, 337
Detection of periodontal diseases, 230
Detective quantum efficiency, 54
DEXA See Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Digital
detector characteristics, 193
imaging, 193t
systems, size for, 193
impressions, 268
method, 107
radiography, 192
system, 92
subtraction radiography, 196
technique, 196
volumetric tomography, 166
Digitized processing method, 92
Dilacerated
mandibular premolar root, 248
mesiodens, 248
roots of
mandibular second molar, 248
maxillary premolars, 248
Distant metastasis, 567
DJD See Degenerative joint disease
DNA profiling, 601
Dosimeter placement, 42
Dosimetry, 36
Double
center of rotation, machines, 155f
condyle, 454
definition, 454
management, 456
oblique, 174f
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, 437
Ductal sialadenitis See Sialodochitis
Duplicating film, 77
Dystrophic calcification of oral regions, 503
E
Eagle’s syndrome, 511
Ear, 165f
Early acute suppurative osteomyelitis, 286
Early on-set periodontitis, 237
Ecchondroma, 378
Edentulous ridge, 113
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 318
Electric waves, 12
Elevator muscles, 477
Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome, 270
Ely cysts, 460
Enchondroma, 378
Encroachment into naso palatine canal, complications due to, 590f
Endocrine disease, 300
Endodontia, 168
Endo-perio lesion, 235f
Endothelial myeloma, 411
Epstein’s pearls, 323
Eriodontal abscess, 332
Eripheral fibroma with calcification, 411
Erosion cavity, 223
Eruption
abnormalities in, 251
cyst, 327
definition, 327
embedded, abnormalities in, 251
hematoma, 327
premature eruption, abnormalities in, 251
transposition, abnormalities in, 251
Erythroblastic anemia, 311
Erythroblastosis fetalis, 309
Esophageal cancer, 31
Established suppurative osteomyelitis, 286
Evaginated odontome, 249
Exocrine glands, 545
Exophytic squamous cell carcinoma, 404
Extra-articular See False ankylosis
Extraductal causes, 508
Extraoral
films, 75
radiographic technique, 122
drawbacks, 122
important parametres, 122
indications, 122
required equipment, 123
procedure, 123
radiographs, 199
source of radiation, 154
Extrinsic diseases maxillary sinus, 494
Extrinsic trauma, 449
F
Facial
bones for evidence of trauma, 138
caries on labial aspect of central incisor, 222
clefts, 264
definition, 264
clefts management, 265
hemiatrophy, 265
definition, 265
management, 266
structures, classification of, 516
Failing endosseous implants, radiographic signs associated with, 597t
False cyst, 487
Familial
fibrous dysplasia of jaws, 429
hypophosphatemia, 308
multilocular cystic disease of jaws, 429
multiple
polyposis, 379
Father of radiation protection, 5
Fat-soluble vitamins, 303
Ferric sulfate, 18
Fibroadamantoblastoma, 368
Fibroblasts cell, 32
Fibroinflammatory pseudotumor, 493
Fibromatosis, aggressive, 377
Fibromyxoma, 369
Fibro-osseous lesion See also Ossifying fibroma
Fibrosseous
diseases of jaws, 419
classification of, 420t
lesions of
medullary bone origin, 420
periodontal origin, 420
Fibrous dysplasia, 290, 328, 339, 357, 363, 374, 378, 379, 407, 411, 419, 420f, 421f, 420-424f, 426f, 431, 434, 437
classification of, 427t
clinical types, 419
definition, 419
lateral cephalogram, 426f
of bone, 343
panoramic view, 426f
Filament circuit, 24
Film
cassettes, 156f
advantages of, 74
bite block, 74
blade type, 74
disadvantages of, 74
positioning indicating device, 74
holding devices, 40
of occlusal views, 116
placement
for molars, 115f
for premolars, 115f
technique, 103
processing
developer solution, 84
solutions, 84
protection and storage, 77
type of, 48
classification
extraoral films, 71
intraoral films, 71
Finger holding method, 107
Fixed postmitotic cells, 32
Flat panel detectors, 194
Flexible cassette, 156f
Flow-rate studies, 554
Fluorescent materials, 17
Fluoride toxicity See Skeletal fluorosis
Forensic
application of multisliced computed tomography, limitations of, 618
odontology introduction, 600
Four basic constituents of CBCT, 167
Fracture, 468
after trauma, multiple, 529f
complicated, 521
interpretation of middle third, 524
LeFort I
definition, horizontal, 530
management, horizontal, 530
of central incisior, 522f
of lateral wall of sinus, 498f
of mandible
left angle, 542f
radiographic differential diagnosis of, 542
of right zygomatic bone, 533f
of root, horizontal, 523f
of walls of sinus, 528f
of zygomatic arch, 533f
uncomplicated, 521
Frame rate and speed of rotation, 169
Free induction decay, 151
Frickle dosimeter, 18
Function of picture element, 193
G
Gagging, problems of, 112
Gallium, 143
Gamma rays, 14
Gastrointestinal syndrome, 34
Geiger Muller counter, 17
Gelatin matrix, 72
Genetic syndromes, 300
Gestant odontome, 248
Giant cell
epulis, 388
definition, central, 389
lesion of
central, 392f
reparative granuloma, 389
central, 392
definition, 388
management, 388
of hyperparathyroidism, 392
Giant osteoid osteoma See Osteoblastoma
Gigantism, 294
Ginglymoarthrodial type of joint, 443
Glandular odontogenic cyst, 323
Glanzmann’s thromb-asthenia, 310
Glomus tumor, 343
Glutaraldehyde, 84
Gonads, disease of, 293
Gorham syndrome, 442
Gorlin’s cyst, 327
Grainy appearance, 68f
Granulocytopenia, 312
Granulomas See also Periapical cysts
Grave’s disease, 296
Green stick fracture, 542
Grewcock approach, 133
Grid controlled focusing cups, 22
Grids, types of, 78
Growth of dental radiology, 5
H
Hamartoma, 343
Hamular process, 206
Head for
lateral of facial bones with tube vertical, position of, 603f
occipitomental routinely taken for sinuses, position of, 605f
Healthy periodontium, 232
Heart, 143
arterial, 384
cavernous, 383
hemangioma, 382
management, 565
port-wine stain, 383
Salmon’s patch, 383
strawberry angioma, 383
Hematogenous infections, 273
Hemifacial microstomia, 265
Hemolytic anemia, 312
Hemorrhagic bone cyst, 338
Hereditary
disease of newborn, 309
fibrous dysplasia of jaws, 429
hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 384
opalescent dentin, 254
spherocytosis, 312
definition, 312
management, 312
Herring-bone effect, 60f
Hertzian waves, 12
Heterogenous radiopaque mass in condylar region, 504f
Heterozygous type, 310
High
atomic number, 23
contrast, 63f
density film, 63f
fractures of condylar necks, 136
grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 567
KVP, use of, 39
melting point, 23
voltage circuit, 24
Homozygous type, 310
Honey comb appearance, 409
Human disease, 142
Hutchinson’s teeth, 257
Hydroquinone, 84
Hypergonadism, 302
Hyperkeratosis, 238
definition, 298
management, 299
multilocular, 299
types, 298
ectopic hyperparathyroidism, 298
primary hyperparathyroidism, 298
secondary hyperparathyroidism, 298
tertiary hyperparathyroidism, 298
unilocular, 299
Hypocalcified type, abnormalities in structure, 253
Hypomaturation
hypocalcified type, abnormalities in structure, 254
type, abnormalities in structure, 253
Hypophosphatemic rickets, 308
Hypoplasia of enamel, 223
Hypoplastic type, abnormalities in structure, 252
Hypovitaminosis, 437
I
Impacted third molars, 171
Implant
placement status, determine post, 594
planning, important anatomical landmarks for, 586t
radiology, 573
Incisal edges of teeth, 109f
Incisal-occlusal surface, 55
Inconsistent bony margins, 236
Incorrect horizontal angulation, 108f
Infective arthritis See Septic arthritis
Inflammatory
collateral dental cyst, 332
hyperplasia, 368
joint
disease, 449
disorders, 461
pseudotumor, 493
Infracranial technique, 134
Infraorbital foramen, 162
Infrared waves, 12
Inherited prognathism, 294
Intensity of illumination, 86
Interpreting panoramic image, 161
Intracapsular fractures of TMJ, 136
Intraoral
film, 72
representation of various, 72f
speed, 72
localization techniques indications, 119
right angle technique, 120
localization techniques, 119
occlusal films, 72
periapical films, 72
radiographic techniques, 97
radiography
bite wing, 97
occlusal, 97
periapical, 97
types of, 97
source of radiation, 154
X-ray packet, contents of, 73f
Intruded teeth, 520
Invasive fungal sinusitis, 493
Iodine, 143
Ionization chamber, 17
Ions, 11
Irregular destructive lesion, 371f
J
Jaw
bones, developmental abnormalities of, 240f
boundaries, determine, 592
classification of, 419t
cyst, 320
developmental disturbances of, 264
jerk reflex, 445
opening reflex, 445
JCA See Juvenile chronic arthritis
K
KCOT, types of, 319
Keratocystic odontogenic tumor, 318
Klestadt’s cyst, 336
Klinefelter’s syndrome, 300
Kodak film, 193f
Kruger’s general classification, 535
Krypton, 143
L
LASER, 14
Laskin’s four cardinal signs, 477
Latent bone cyst, 270
Lateral
soft tissue swelling, 563f
upper right third molar present within maxillary sinus, 498f
dentigerous cyst, 335
fossa, 203
maxillary occlusal views, 500
oblique anterior body of mandible, 128
central ray, 128
film placement, 128
structures shown, 128
oblique posterior body of mandible, 129
central ray, 129
film placement, 129
structures shown, 129
oblique projection
for posterior body of mandible, 129f
of body of mandible, 129f
oblique
ramus of mandible, 130
right side fracture of mandibular ramus, 540f
periodontal abscess, 322
definition, 322
developmental, 322
inflammatory, 322
management, 322
pterygoid plate, 162
radicular cyst, 322
skull
calcification foci in pharynx, 509f
three curved zones, 527f
view of nose fracture of nasal bones, 532f
Leaded glass housing, 22
LeFort I maxillary fractures, 530f
LeFort II maxillary fractures, 530f
LeFort II/high central midface, 530f
Left
angle fracture, 543f
antrum, simplified line diagrams of, 485f
condylar hyperplasia, 452f
TMJ with infectious destruction of joint, 455f
Lekholm and Zarb classification of bone quality, 584t
Lemmonma, 386
Leong’s premolar, 249
Lesions of eosinophilic granuloma, 339
Leucosis, 415
acute
lymphoblastic, 415
myelogenous, 415
chronic
lymphocytic, 415
myelogenous, 415
classification 415
acute, 415
chronic, 415
definition, 415
induction, 32
risk of developing, 32
Leukemoid reaction cell, 415
Lifecare endopore implant fixture, 617
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation See LASER
Linear grid, 78
Lingual
canal, 592
accessory, 596f
mandibular bone depression, 270
salivary gland depression, 270
definition, 270
management, 272
Lingula, 164
Lip line, 165
Lipid metabolism, disturbances in, 303
Lipline, 165f
Liposarcoma, 405
Lips and teeth, positioning of, 157
Liver, 143
Localized myositis ossificans, 513
Lock jaw, 480
Long axis of tooth and plane of
film, 106f
Low vapour pressure, 23
Lung, 143
Luteinizing hormone, 295
Lymphangiectatic cyst, 487
Lymphoepithelial cyst, 338
Lymphosarcoma, 413
M
Mach band effect, 221
Macrodontia, 244
formulas, 53
object film distance, 53
occurs, 122
target film distance, 53
use of intensifying screens, 53
Major salivary glands, 545
Malformation, developmental, 343
Malignant
definition, 395
management, 395
and benign tumors of salivary gland, 335
changes
in odontogenic cysts, 395
of jaws, 393
fibrous histiocytoma, 405
definition, 405
management, 406
fibroxanthoma See Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
definition, 404
management, 405
mixed tumor, 567
definition, 567
neoplasia, 287
neoplasms, 492
osteoblastic carcinoma, 357
pleomorphic adenoma, 567
salivary gland tumors, 404
schwannoma See Neurofibrosarcoma
definition, 565
management, 567
of maxilla, 391
Mandible
angle of, 164
coronoid process, 211
cross-sectional view of, 584f
external oblique ridge, 210
genial tubercles, 208
inferior border of mandible, 211
internal oblique ridge, 210
lingual foramen, 208
mandibular canal, 211
mental
foramen, 209
fossa, 209
ridge, 209
mylohyoid ridge, 210
nutrient canals, 208
submandibular fossa, 211
symphysis, 210
Mandibular
alveolar canal, 164
angle fractures, 540
management, 540
body fractures, 540
definition, 540
management, 542
destruction of, 398f
different shape of, 591f
fractures, 536
definition, 536
management, 539
dentition level, axial view, 189f
first molars exhibiting supernumerary root, 250f
hypomobility, 480
incisive
canal, 592
nerve, 592
incisors and canines, 99
premolar
and molars, 99
region, 111
film placement, 111
film, 112
ramus fractures, 540
management, 540
symphyseal, 543f
fracture, 543f
teeth, 109f
calcification of, 610f
third molar, 112
topographic view, 118f
tori, 375f
Manual processing, 87
Marfan-Achard syndrome See Marfan’s syndrome
Marie disease, 266
Marie-Strümpell disease, 464
Marsupialization of dental cysts, 342
Massler sequence of formation of human dentition, 608f
Mastoid process, 162
Mature cemental dysplasia, 262
Maturity score, calculations of, 610
Maxillary
and mandibular
canines, 110
central incisors, 110
lateral incisors, 110
molars, 110
permanent teeth, development of, 607f
posterior teeth, 234f
premolars, 110
third molars, 110
dentition level, axial view, 189f
incisors and canines, 99
left central incisor, 519f
occlusal, 333f
nasopalatine cyst, 333f
projection, 326f
premolars and molars, 99
anatomy of, 481
and floor of maxillary sinus, 163
disorders of, 481
failed implant in, 598f
floor, conventional tomogram reveals perforation of, 598f
functions, 481
inferior border of, 492f
lateral border of, 492f
level, axial view, 189f
region, 587f
definition, 485
teeth, 109f
calcification of, 610f
horizontal bone loss in periodontitis affecting, 234f
severe bone loss in periodontitis affecting, 234f
tube, 162
McQueen dell technique, 134
Medial plate of pterygoid process, 207f
Median
alveolar cyst, 337
anterior maxillary cyst, 333
fissural cyst, 333f
definition, 336
management, 337
palatine cyst, 334
definition, 334
management, 335
suture, 203
Mediterranean anemia, 311
Megadontia, 244
Megagnathia, 264
Melano ameloblastoma, 388
Meloblastic fibroma, 384
Melorheostosis, 438
Mental
described anterior posteriorly, position of, 595f
level, axial view, 190f
oval horizontal, 593f
vertical, 593f
round, 593f
shapes of, 593f
retardation, 31
spine, 208
Mesiodistally from premolar to molar, 496f
Mesothelial cyst, 487
Metal bellows, 20
Metastaic tumor, 384
Metastasizing mixed tumor, 567
Metastatic
case of, 403f
definition, 402
management, 404
of maxillary sinus, 497
osteoblastic carcinoma, 363
Methods of processing automatic method, 90
Methylene blue, 18
Metolphenidone, 84
Microdontia and oligodontia, 245f
Midline defect in soft palate, 265f
Mikulicz disease, 559
Millimeter radiopaque grids, 575
Mineral metabolism, disturbances in, 303
Mineralization assessment of developing teeth, 611f
Minor salivary glands, 545
Misdiagnosed globulomaxillary cyst, 203f
Missing teeth, 242
Moderate
bone loss, 234f
interproximal caries, 219
neutropenia, 312
occlusal
caries, 220
lesion, 221
in mandibular molar, 221f
periodontitis, 233
Molar level, coronal view, 187f
Molecule, 11
Moon’s molar See also Mulberry molars
Moth-Eaten appearance, 284f
Mounting of radiograph, 83
Moving rotational centers, 155
Mucopyocele, 488
Mucormycosis, 493
Mucosa of floor of mouth, invasive carcinoma of, 397f
Mucosal polyp, 491f
Mulberry molars, 257
Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma, 303
Multipotential connective tissue cells, 32
Multirooted teeth and dilacerated root, 262
Multislice spiral CT, 149
Mural ameloblastoma, 346
Myeloid sarcoma, 389
Myelomatosis, 416
Mylohyoid ridge, 164
Myoepithelial sialadenitis, 559
Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, 476
Myxofibroma, 369
Myxoma See Odontogenic fibroma
Myxoma, 369
N
Nasopalatine canal See Superior foramina of incisive canal
Nasopharynx, parts of, 134
Nasoplalatine canal, 587
Neck region, 509f
Necrotizing sialometaplasia, 313
Negative cathode, 22
Neoplasm, 343
Neoplastic conditions, 474
Nerve supply of temporomandibular structures, 445
Neurinoma, 386
Neurinoma See Neurofibroma
Neurofibrosarcoma, 412
Neurogenic sarcoma, 405
Neurological abnormalities, 321
Neurons, 32
Neuropathic disorders, 476
Nobel biocare implant fixture, 617
Nodal involvement, 567
Nolla’s method, 610f
Nonepithelial tumors, 562
Noninsulin dependent, 300
Nonopaque filling, 223
Nonossifying fibroma, 377
Non-screen films, 75
Non-vital tooth, 280
Noonan’s syndrome, 318
Normal anatomy on intraoral, 199
Notched bite-block, 156
Nuclear medicine, 142
Nucleus, 11
Number of rotational centers, 156
Nursing bottle caries, 223
Nutrient canals, 209f
O
Object film distance, 51
Occlusal
caries or pit and fissure caries, 221
enamel pearl, 249
mandibular views, 118
maxillary views, 117
plane slightly, 157
advantages, 576
disadvantages, 576
status, 477
trauma, 237
Odium sulphite, 84
Odonto-ameloblastoma, 369
Odontogenesis imperfecta, 256
Odontogenic
carcinoma, 395
secondarily infected, 404
developmental cysts, 317
ectomesenchyme, 368
ectomesenchyme See Odontogenic mesenchymal tumors
epithelial tumors, 345
definition, central, 365
fibromyxoma, 369
hamartoma, 370
inflammatory cysts, 328
definition, 317
mesenchymal tumors, 355
definition, 369
management, 370
posteroanterior, 370f
mixed, 368
Odontome of complex variety, 373f
Odotogenic keratocyst, 316
Operculitis, 291
Ophthalmic abnormalities, 321
Optical coherence tomography, 14
Oral
carcinoma, 304
contraceptives, 293
fissures, 264
mucous membrane, 32
nevi, nodular melanoma, 389
Orange peel See Peau d’orange
Orbit, 162
Orthodontia, 183f
Orthopantomograph, 155
Osseointegrated implants, evaluation of, 595
Osstem GS II implant fixture, 617
Osteitis
deformans See Paget’s disease
fibrosa
cystica, 298
generalisata See also Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Osteogenic sarcoma See Osteosarcoma
Osteolysis, progressive, 442
cutis, 512
definition, 512
management, 513
management, 379
of mandible, 379f
of right maxillary sinus, 492f
Osteomatosis, 379
congenital See Severe autosomal recessive type
definition, 437
management, 439
tarda See Benign autosomal dominant
Osteoradionecrosis, 402
Osteoradionecrosis See Radiation osteomyelitis
of mandible, 291f
Oxalosis See also Gaucher’s disease
P
PA skull, 563f
Palatal space abscess, 334
Palmoplantaris, 238
Pancreatic disease, 300
Pancreatic gland, disease of, 293
Panora, 155
Panoram, 155
Panoramic
complete obliteration of joint space, 470f
elongated styloid processes left and right, 512f
fracture of mandible through left angle, 541f
head of condyle of left TMJ, 467f
in forensic odontology, use of, 616
increased width of sinus epithelium in right maxillary sinus, 485f
radiographs, 511f
between maxillary lateral and canine, 335f
bone loss, 231f
cropped, 457f
dentigerous cyst in relation to lower left third molar, 324f
generalized severe angular bone loss with furcation, 235f
ill-defined radiolucency, 284f
part of, 455f
advantages, 577
disadvantages, 577
right antral polyp with radiopacity in right maxillary sinus, 490f
view, 371f
mandibular incisors, 270f
X-ray
machines, types of, 155f
unit, 156
Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, 564
Parallax unsharpness results, 52f
Parallelism between film and tooth, 99
Paramolars, 241
Paranasal sinuses, 481
Parasymphyseal, right, 542f
Parasymphysis, 542
Parma modification, 134
Parosteal, juxta, 409
Parotitis See Bacterial sialadenitis
Parry-Romberg syndrome, 265
Partial ankylosis, 468
Pathologic age, 606
Peau d’orange, 427
Penetrating power of X-ray beam, 16
Penetration, 19
Penny test, 87f
Pentadecyl paratolylketon, 3
Periapical
cementoma, early stage, 331
management, 281
cystic lesion, 330f
dentoalveolar fracture of anterior mandible, 529f
fibro-osteoma, 356
fibrosteoma, 434
management, 279
inflammatory lesion, 404
radiograph fusiform shape of lower premolar, 255f
advantages, 574
disadvantages, 575
radiolucency, well-defined, 404f
management, 280
spherical type of hypercementosis, 363
technique for
mandibular canine, 104f
central and lateral incisors, 103f
molar, 105f
premolar, 104f
third molar, 105f
maxillary canine, 101f
central incisor, 100f
lateral incisor, 101f
molar, 102f
premolar, 102f
third molar, 103f
modifications in, 110
Peridens, 241
Peri-implantitis, 598f
Perineural fibroblastoma, 386
Periodic neutropenia, 313
Periodontal
dehiscense, 237
ligament
by malignant neoplasms, invasion of, 440
space, 201
pathologies, 236
therapy, evaluation of, 238
Periodontium, systemic or generalized conditions, 233
Perio-endo lesion, 233f
Periosteal, 409
Peripheral
ameloblastic fibro-dentinoma, 367
and central squamous cell carcinoma, 428
fibroma with calcification, 367
definition, 388
management, 389
invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 405
odontogenic fibroma, 367
definition, 367
squamous cell carcinoma, 396
Permanent dentition See also Residual cyst arising from primary
Perpendicular locating lines, 110
Personal alarm dosimeter, 43f
Perthes’ disease, 460
Phalangioma, 70f
Phantom bone, 442
Phenoxylmethyl penicillin, 292
Phlegmon, 275
Phosphorescent materials, 17
Photoelectric absorption, 18f
Physiological causes, 293
PID angulations, 107
Pigmented ameloblastoma, 388
Pindborgs tumor, 350
Pinguela, 305
Pixels, 574
Plain films sialolith, 547f
Platelet, disorders of, 310
Plexiform neurofibroma, 334
Plummer Vinson syndrome, 393
Pocket dosimeters, 42f
Poison chemical theory, 29
Poor soft tissue contrast, 181
Post auricular or Lindblom technique, 133
Post extraction socket, 391
Posterior to focal trough, 157
Posteroanterior
cephalogram, 139
cephalometric view, 139f
skull, 140
Water’s, 125
central ray, 125
film placement, 125
position of patient, 125
structures shown, 125
Posterolateral wall of left maxillary sinus, 476f
Postmortem material, radiography of, 601
Postoperative maxillary cyst See Surgical ciliated cyst of maxilla
Postprosthetic implant imaging, 574
Postsurgical defect, ossifying, 434
Post-traumatic myositis, 513
Pre-eruptive caries, 223
Premature craniostenosis, 268
Premaxillary maxillary cyst, 335
Preprosthetic implant imaging, 573
Prepubertal periodontitis, 313
Primary
agranulocytosis, 312
epithelial tumor of jaw, 395
intra-alveolar epidermoid carcinoma, 395
intraosseous carcinoma, 395
lymphoma of bone See Cell sarcoma, primary reticular
nutritional deficiencies, 302
Profile wedge filter, 80
Projection errors, 55
Projection of central ray
intraoral radiography, 102f
Proliferative periostitis, 289
Protection
against primary beam, 37
for environment, 41
for patient, 38
from radiation, 35
from secondary, 38
Protective glasses, 41f
Protein metabolism, disturbances in, 303
Pseudoarticulations See Joint like junctions
Pseudocyst, 487
Pseudocyst/benign cyst of antrum, 488f
Pseudogout, 465
Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 299
Pseudohypophosphatasi, 306
Pseudolocular See also Multilocular
Pterygomaxillary fissure, 162
Ptyalism See Sialorrhea, causes of
Pulp stones, 262
Pulpoperiapical lesions, 357
Pyocele, 488
Q
Quantitative computed tomography, 437
Quantum mottle, 77
Quasi three-dimensional imaging modalities, 574
R
Radiation
and health physics, 27
biology, 29
bone, general effect of, 33
comprising electromagnetic spectrum,
types of, 12
dosimetry, 36
effect on
embryos, 34
fetuses, 34
exposure, 192
general effects of, 32
hematopoietic injury, general effect of, 32
in dental radiology
protection for operator, 37
department, sources of, 37
in utero, dose of, 33
latent period, general effect of, 34
on biological tissues, effect of, 30
oral mucous membrane, general effect of, 33
osteomyelitis, 291
management, 291
otitis media, 33
ovary, general effect of, 33
physics, 11
prodromal syndrome, general effect of, 34
protection, 35
quantities and units, 36t
salivary glands, general effect of, 33
skin
early, general effect of, 32
general effect of, 32
late, general effect of, 32
teeth, general effect of, 33
testicles, general effect of, 33
whole body irradiation, general effect of, 33
Radiation taste buds, general effect of, 33
definition, 328
infected, 329f
management, 331
with right
central incisor, 496f
lateral incisor, 496f
Radiocurability, 31
Radiodontia, 6
Radiographic
coverage, 54
diagnosis of caries, limitations of, 225
differential diagnosis of dental caries, 223
Radiolucency over left mandibular alveolar crest region, 284f
Radionuclide salivary imaging, 553
Radionuclide-labeled tracers, 143
Radiopaque, 199
artifacts on radiograph, 62f
lamina dura, loss of, 274
radiolucent lesion extending from mesial of first premolar to angle of mandible, mixed, 371f
Radioresponsiveness, 31
Rampant caries, 222
Ranula, 338
Rapid processing chemicals, 90
Rarefying osteitis, 416
Raw’ images, 170f
RBC, disorders of, 310
Recoil electron, 83
Reconstruction stage, 170
Reconstructive postmortem dental profiling, 600
Reduced image artifact, 178
Reflecting layer, 76
Refractory rickets, 308
Region of interest, 166
Regional odontodysplasia, 256
Regular film, kodak, 5
Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, 384
Reparative giant cell granuloma, 392
Replenish solutions, 88
Replenishment, automatic method, 92
Resemble dysplastic dentine, 367
Resolved acute apical periodontitis, 281
Resorption, external, 261f
Retinal anlage tumor, 388
Retrodiscal pain, 480
Reverse towne’s, 136
Reverting postmitotic cells, 32
Rh hump, 309
Rhizopus sinusitis, 493
Right maxillary sinus, 421f
Right posterior ramus, 284f
Right submandibular gland, ultrasonography of, 552f
Right-angle technique, 120f
Rigid cassette, 76
Ring dosimeter, 42
Robin anomalad See Pierre Robin syndrome
Roentgen rays, 4
Romberg hemifacial atrophy, 265
Root
canal, 200
lower incisors, 200f
therapy, treatment consists of, 331
fracture, signs of, 522f
of central incisors, 326f
of lower molar or paranasal sinus, 379
of maxillary teeth, 157
Rose-Waller’s test, 461
Rotagraph machine, 155
Rotated posteroanterior mandible, 127
Rotating anode, 23
Rotation center, 155
Rotational panoramic radiography, 6
Round cell sarcoma, 411
Rue malignant mixed tumor, 567
S
Safe light illumination, 86
Sainton disease, 266
Salivary
duct carcinoma, 566f
applied diagnostic imaging of, 547
calculus, 506
cancers, 31
defect, developmental, 270
classification of, 556t
enlargements, differential diagnosis of, 546
hypofunction, causes of, 568
stone, 506
clinical staging of, 565
scan, 143
stone, 555
Sandwich radiography, 116
Sarcoma, 384
Saucerization type of moderate bone loss in cervical region, 598f
Scale of contrast, 49
Scanner related artifacts, 180
Schour sequence of formation of human dentition, 608f
Schwannoma, 386
Scintillation counter, 17
Scleroderma, 439
Screens
films, 75
high definition, types of, 77
high speed, types of, 77
normal, types of, 77
types of, 77
Secondary caries See also Recurrent caries
Selenium, 143
Sensor, 193
Septa in maxillary sinus, 587f
Serial transplanar reformation, 174f
Serosangious fluid, 320
Severe
autosomal recessive type, 438
neutropenia, 312
nonlethal type, 255
occlusal
caries, 220
lesions, 221
periodontitis, 236
proximal lesions, 221
Shaded surface display, 149
Shadow of malar bone, 113
Shielding gloves, 41f
Short cone technique, 106
Short wave diathermy or microwaves, 12
Sialogram normal left parotid gland, tree in winter appearance, 550f
Sialographic appearances, normal, 550
Sialolithiasis, 555
Sialo-odontogenic cyst, 323
Sialorrhea, causes of, 569
Sialosis See Sialadenosis
Sicca syndrome, 559
Silver halide crystals, 72
Simmond’s disease, 295
Simple odontogenic fibroma, 365
Sinonasal fungal disease, 493
Sinus
contusion, 500
definition, 500
inferior border of, 496f
root in
antrum body, 498
definition, 498
foreign body, 498
Skeletal
abnormalities, 321
comparison, 600
fluorosis, 441
acute, 441
chronic, 441
definition, 441
management, 441
Skin, 422
Skull from front and side main sites of middle third fractures, 525f
Small ameloblastoma, 350
Small cortical abscess, 381
Small dentigerous cyst, 368
Soap bubble appearance, 348f
Socket sclerosis, 281
Soft mixed odontoma, 368
Soft odontoma, 368
Soft tissue
calcification in head and neck region, classification of, 503t
calcification, 503
component of TMJ, 444
on panoramic
films, 165f
radiographs, 165
ossifications, 503
Solitary myositis, 513
Somatic effect, 19
Specific chronic infections of jaws, 290
Sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinus, 421f
Spider fingers, 440
Spine, positioning of, 160
Spin-spin relaxation, 152
Spontaneous healing of simple bone cyst, 428
arising in soft tissue, 397
definition, 397
management, 402
definition, 492
involving maxilla, 492f
originating in bone, 395
definition, 395
management, 396
originating in cyst, 396
definition, 396
management, 397
Stationary grids, 78
Stem cell leukemia, 415
Stenosis, 144
Steroids See Drug induced disorders
Still’s disease, 462
Storage phosphor imaging, 192
Sturge-Weber syndrome, 384
Styloid
Ligament
definition, ossification of, 511
management, ossification of, 512
ossification of, 511
process, 162
Sub leukemia cell, 415
Subacute neuronopathic, 305
Subclinical fibrous dysplasia, 422
Subcoating, 72
Subcondylar fracture on transorbital radiograph, 537f
Subluxated teeth, 520
Submandibular
fossa on cone beam computed tomography, 595f
lymph node swelling, 338
region, right side in, 509f
Submasseteric infections, 127
Submaxillary fossa, 211
Substratum, 72
Sun-burning, 22
Sun-tanning See also Sun-burning
Super coat, 72
Superimposed soft tissue calcifications, 216
Superior foramina of incisive canal, 202
Supernumerary roots, 250
Suppurating cysts, 316
Surgical defect, residual cyst, 391
Swelling with mobility of teeth, complain of, 367
Symphysis, fracture of, 542
Syndromic craniostenosis, 268
Synovial
chondromatosis, 464
definition, 464
management, 465
chondrometaplasia, 464
osteochondromatosis, 464
System related artifacts, 147
Systematic to interpretation of true lateral skull, 527f
T
Taenia solium, 505
Target tissues, 142
Teeth
become loose, 305
impacted, 251
overlapping of, 56f
positioning of, 157
radiation caries, 33
submerged, 251
Temporomandibular
disorders
clinical criteria for, 447t
diagnostic terms for, 447t
development disorders of, 449
disorders, 443
dysfunction, 512
normal radiographic appearance of, 446
pain, 478
ligament, 444
osteoarthritis, 460f
pain dysfunction syndrome, 476
structures, vascular supply of, 445
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism, 298
Thermionic emission, 22
Thermoluminescent materials, 17
Thimble chamber, 17
Thirty degree fronto-occipital technique, 605
Three-dimensional displays, advantages of, 149
Thrombocytopathic purpura, 310
Thyroglossal duct cyst, 338
TM joint derangement of, 449
TM joint disorder, 477
by C weldon bell, 449f
fourth classification of, 451t
second classification of, 450t
third classification of, 451t
Tooth, 199
cementum, 199
crypt, 320
dentin, 199
distodens, 241
enamel, 199
fractured, limitations of radiographic interpretation of, 517
hyperdontia, 241
luxated into sinus, 499f
para, 241
peridens, 241
pulp cavity, 200
supplemental, 241
Trabecular demosteoblastoma, 429
Trajectory arc, completeness of, 170
Transparent dentine, 261
Trauma to
developing condyle, 468
facial structures, 516
head and neck, 146
teeth, 516
classification of, 516
Traumatic
cavity, 357
cyst, 331
disorder of temporomandibular joint, 466
injuries to
mandible, 534
classification of, 535t
maxilla, 524
classification of, 526t
maxillary sinuses, 498
soft tissue, 516
teeth, 517
classification of, 519t
neuroma, 386
Tree in winter appearance, 550
Triple center rotation machines, 155f
Tripod fracture, 534f
Trisomy 21 syndrome and mongolism, 440
Triticeous cartilage, calcified, 506
Trousseau’s sign, 299
True
ankylosis, 468
cementoma, 358
concrescence, 245
lateral, 138
skull, 527f
projection, 138f
micrognathia, 264
Truncation, angle of, 23
Tuberosity, fractured, 501
Tumors, 144
definition, 474
management, 476
of odontogenic epithelium, mixed, 368
of pituitary gland in acromegaly, 138
presence of, 301
staging–assessment of site, 146
Two walled defects, 236
Two-dimensional imaging modalities, digital, 574
U
Ultraviolet light, 12
Underlying inflammatory changes, 273
Unerupted tooth, 355
Uniradicular teeth, 611
Uniti equinox implant fixture, 617
V
Vanishing bone, 442
Varicose aneurysm, 385
Vegetative intermitotic cells, 32
Venous thrombosis, 144
Vertebrae level, coronal view, 187f
Vertical
angulation, 100
angulations for bisecting angle technique, 108t
bone loss, 598f
osseous defects, 235
root fractures, 523
definition, 523
VIBGYOR, 12
Villonodular synovitis, pigmented, 448
Visible light, 12
Vitamin
A deficiency, 306
definition, 306
D, 307
absorption of, 307
definition, 307
resistant rickets, 308
definition, 308
management, 309
metabolism, disturbances in, 303
Voltage, 24
von Buchem disease, 441
von Recklinghausen’s disease, 387
von Willebrand’s disease, 310
W
Waldron’s classification, 420t
Water’s projection, 500
WBC, disorders of, 310
Wedge filter, 80
Wegener’s granulomatosis, 313
Wharton’s duct, 545
WHO classification of salivary gland tumors, 562t
Wilson’s disease, 460
Wing of sphenoid, greater and lesser, 421f
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 310
X
XCP instrument in sensitive mandibular premolar area, 111f
Xerostomia, 568
X-radiation source, 192
X-ray
Beam
aimed slightly posteriorly across pharynx, 134f
collimation of, 81f
biological properties, 18
characteristic spectrum, 15
chemical properties, 17
continuous spectra, 15
films, 5
and accessories, 71
composition of, 71
photon
of lower energy, 15f
strikes matter, 29
physical properties, 15
physiochemical properties, 19
produced, types of, 25
sensitivity of scintillator layer, 170
tube
focusing cup, 21f
head, 156
with aluminum disc, 21f
with major components labeled, 22f