What Exactly is Dandruff? Rama Murthy DVSB
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Acne vulgaris 16
Adherens junctions 131
functions 131
Alpha-catenin 131
American Academy of Dermatology 15
Antecubital fossa 52
Antidandruff agents 21
Antifungal's cytostatic effect 24
Arch-like curvature 166
Asbestos sheet's shape 91, 147
nail 164, 171
B
Basement membrane zone 140
Beard region 109
Beau's lines 143
Beta-catenin 131
Blaschko'slines pattern 149
Blood and nerve supply 140
C
Cadherin-catenin complex 131
Candida
albicans 134, 145
species 134, 143
Cave-like curvature 164, 181
Cell
adhesion proteins, calcium-dependent 130
kinetic studies 127
Cell-cell adhesions 127
Cetirizine 10
Chest, itchy lesions on 108
Child's hair 6
Child's scalp 6
Coalescent papules 78f
scaly 90
Connexions 131
components of 131
Corneocyte 125
Corona seborrheica 103f, 104f
Cutaneous sensory nerves 141
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 133
Cystatin 129
Cytoplasmic plaque proteins 131
Cytostatic drugs 141
D
Dandruff 46, 812, 1921, 25, 27, 59
ameliorating 20, 24
experience with 7
history of 29, 39, 63, 73, 93, 108, 112, 116
itching 86
meant 6
moderate cases of 10
moderate-to-severe cases of 10
pathogenesis of 21
persistent 43
recurrent 37, 38
relapses 20
severity of 10
suffering from 6
treatment of 24
Darier disease 128
Dermal-epidermal basement membrane 132
Dermatitis 11, 13, 26, 52, 147
chronic 13
puzzling 147
Dermis 140
Dermoepidermal junction 132
Desmoplakin 130
Desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-3 128
Desmosomal proteins 129
Desmosomes 127, 130
functions 130
Dome-shaped elevation 164, 172
Dry nails 146
Dystrophic nail 146
E
Ear
concha 103
lobule, external 107
Earlobe 83
external 93, 94, 112
upper part of 29
Econazole 21
Eczema
atopic 13, 144
chronic 16, 144
dyshidrotic 15
hand 15
seborrheic 7
subacute 16
Eczematous
eruption 101
plaque 40
psoriasis 15, 16
Elbow 11, 117
Envoplakin 129
Epidermal keratinocytes 132
Epidermal proliferation 13
Epidermal stem cells, interfollicular 128
Epidermis 138, 149
hyperproliferation of 20
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis 127
Episodic dandruff, history of 55
Epithelia 137
Epithelial keratin 138
genes 127
normal 138
Erythema 11, 89, 93
mild 79, 84, 101
Erythematous 94
patches 112
plaque 85
Erythematous scaly
patch 81, 82
large 81
plaques 80, 82, 109
External auditory canals 36, 82, 90
Eye involvement, history of 116
Eyebrows 90
medial 7, 103, 108
scaling of 90
F
Face 61, 95
diffuse 95
dry 95
history of itching of 74
itching of 95
itchy lesions on 108
Facial lesions 94f
Feet 11
border 104, 153
fissures 149
dorsae of 7, 96
epidermal abnormalities of 149
first toe web 47
single 186
Filaggrin 129
Fingernails 145
Fissures, depict linear 153
Follicular papules 7, 100
Follicular psoriasis 43f
Forefoot, medial border of 34
Forehead patch, history of 103
Frank psoriatic plaques, devoid of 25
G
Gap junctions 131
functions 131
Genetic disease 14
Germinative matrix 138
Glabella 108
Glans penis 11
Granular cell 125, 126
Granular layer 129
Great toe
dorsum of 161
lateral aspect of 77, 149
nail 30, 34, 41, 53, 109
left 165
Groin psoriasis 11
H
Hailey–Hailey disease 130
Hair 4
keratin genes 127
parting 29, 58
shafts 11, 31
Heel 49, 54
fissures 149
border 149
Hemidesmosomes 132
Hepatitis B infection 17
Hindfeet 102
Hyperkeratosis 10, 49, 134, 149
subclinical 25
Hyperproliferative disorder 3, 27, 128
Hyponychium 137, 140
I
Idiopathic onycholysis 143
Impetus 3
Index finger 180
Inflammatory bowel disease 17
Inflammatory cells 13
Interfollicular papules 100f
Intertriginous hyperkeratosis 10
Involucrin 129
Irritable lesions 110f
Isthmus 139
Itching 25, 90, 114
history of 53, 67, 69, 76, 92, 98, 114, 115
of occasional 59
Itchy
disease 13
eruption, history of 84
lesions 83, 108
history of 109
patches 7, 9, 88
rash 106
chest 106
history of 97
face 16
K
Keratin 129, 141
filaments 125
intermediate 127
pseudogenes 127
Keratinocytes 13, 126
Keratohyalin granules 129
Knees 11
Knockout mouse 126
Koebner phenomenon 23, 25
Koilonychia 146, 147, 164, 167
L
Lamellar granules 128, 133
Langerhans cells 138
Lateral nail
dystrophy 164, 175
fold hyperkeratosis 175
plate dystrophy 147
Levocetirizine 10
Lichenified plaques 115f
Lipophilic yeasts 17
Loricrin 129
Lower lip, half of 78
Low-sulfur filamentous proteins 141
M
Malassezia 18, 19
furfur 18
globosa 1719
restricta 17, 18
species 17
sympodialis 17, 18
Malleoli 162
Matrix protein 125
Melanocytes 138
Melanonychia 164, 168
complete 147
partial 147
Merkel cells 139
Multiple scaly patches 65f
Murmurs 9
Mycobiome 17
N
Nail
abnormalities 146, 164, 181
anatomy of normal 137
apparatus, homeostasis of 141
bed 137, 140
changes, nonspecific 143
fold, proximal 137
proximal fold stem cells 139
split, median 164, 174
wall 138
Nail growth 141
arrest of 141
Nail matrix 137, 138
cells in 138
Nail plate 139, 141, 164, 182
abnormalities 143
angulation of 147
sheet-shaped 79
thinning of 146
Nail psoriasis 142, 143
diagnosis of 143
Nail unit 137
affected by psoriasis 142
components of 137
Nasolabial
folds 81
furrows 7
Natal cleft 11
upper 113
Neck
fold, anterior 110
nape of 88, 106
Nongreasy scales 79f
North American Dermatology Clinics 15
Nostril rims 75
Nystatin 21
O
Occipital scalp 46f, 65f, 80f, 106f
Odland bodies 128, 133
Onychauxis 178
Onychocorneal band 141
Onychogryphosis 145
Onycholysis 143, 147, 164, 170
P
Palmoplantar psoriasis 9, 10
Papillae 13
Papular eruption 46f
Parakeratotic cells 25
Parietal scalp 46
Paronychia 11
acute 143
chronic 143
Perianal skin 110f
Pincer nail 32, 39, 41, 97, 146, 147, 164, 173
Pits 142
Pityriasis alba 61f
lesion 61f
Pityriasis amiantacea 86f, 112f
Pityriasis capitis 6, 11, 12, 20
Pityriasis versicolor 18
lesions 94
Pityrosporum orbiculare 18
Pityrosporum ovale 3, 18, 20, 23, 27
infection 23
Plakoglobin 130, 131
Plantar psoriasis 82, 96
chronic 88
Plaque type psoriasis 87
Plaque with fissures pattern 152
Plasmodium ovale 22
Polymorphous light eruption 14
Pompholyx 15
Postmitotic cells 128
Preclinical psoriasis 25
Prepubertal child 6
Proliferating cells 125
Protein kinase C 126
Protein-reinforced plasma membrane 125
Pruritus, cognizance of 13
Pseudomonas 143
Psoriasis 911, 13, 15, 16, 27, 142, 146, 149
capitis 11
clinical behavior of 15
mild 21
nail apparatus in 142
photosensitive 14, 44
scaly plaques of 88f
subclinical 24
toenail in 137
vulgaris 10, 27, 147
Psoriatic fissures 154
Psoriatic lesion 83
typical 116, 117
Psoriatic paronychia 164, 180
chronic 143, 168
Psoriatic plaque 24, 41, 83, 111
Psoriatic scaling, displays 168, 178
Pulp 158
kiss sign 164, 182
R
Retro ala nasi 89f, 112f
Retroauricular erythema 74t
Robust scientific logic 20, 24
S
Scales hair 5
Scaling scalp
condition of 48
history of 44, 58
Scalp 11, 36, 112
displays 53
hair 11, 59
normal 61, 73
occiput area of 33
plus 9
psoriasis 23
region of 5
scaling of 35, 40, 53, 57, 109, 114, 115
surface 12
Scaly dermatitis 74f, 95f
Scaly erythema 51f
Scaly lesions 92
Scaly patches 94
Scaly plaques 93, 120
thin 87
Scanty papulation 99f
Sebopsoriasis 11
Seborrhea 24, 26
Seborrheic dermatitis 7, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 24, 27
pathogenesis of 20
Seborrheic distribution 81
Seborrheic sites 74f
Sebum 24
Selenium sulfide 21
Sexually transmitted diseases 15
Shampoo regularly 4
Silvery scales 119f
Silvery white scales 115
papules 80, 109
Skin 100
dorsum of 149
normal 11
over frontal scalp 72
submental 112
Soles 154
fissures of 149
Spinous layer 128
Splinter hemorrhages 140, 143
Spongiosis 13, 15
Squirting papilla 13
Stem cells 127, 139
Stratum basale 127
Stratum corneum 13, 129
functions of 129
Stratum lucidum 129
Streaks, yellowish to whitish 164, 177
Subungual hyperkeratosis 142, 143, 172
Suprabasal cells 126
T
Tent-like elevation 164, 179
Tight junctions 132
functions 132
Tiny papules mimicking lichen nitidus 45
Toe
foot, dorsum of second 115
insteps under 49
pads 157, 158
pulps 157
web 77
Toenail 146
abnormalities 164
fourth 39
little 39, 111
plate 147
short little 185
split, little 164, 183
third 165
Tonofilaments 126, 127
Tonsuration, history of 73
Tonsured scalp 65
Tortoise-shell pattern 151
U
Under toes 10
foot 115
Upper lip 7, 75
W
Web spaces 159
White scaly plaques 119
Y
Yeasts 20
in dandruff, role of 18
Yellow dots 165
Z
Zinc pyrithione 21
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