Textbook of Oral Medicine Anil Govindrao Ghom, Savita Anil Ghom (Lodam)
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1 Textbook of ORAL MEDICINE2
3 Textbook of ORAL MEDICINE
Third Edition
Editors Anil Govindrao Ghom MDS (Oral Medicine and Radiology) Dean, Professor and Head Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Maitri Dental College and Research Institute Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India Formerly Rural Dental College, Loni VSPM's Dental College, Nagpur Maharashtra, India, Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India Savita Anil Ghom (Lodam) MDS (Oral Medicine and Radiology) Senior Lecturer Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Maitri Dental College and Research Institute Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India Foreword Mahesh Verma
4
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© 2014, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book.
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Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
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Textbook of Oral Medicine
First Edition: 2005
Reprint: 2006, 2007
Second Edition: 2010
Reprint: 2011
Third Edition: 2014
9789351523031
Printed at
5 Dedicated to
The loving memory of my
Mother Shantabai Ghom
and
Father Govindrao Ghom
6
7Contributors
8
9
11 Prof (Dr) Mahesh Verma
Director-Principal
Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences
MAMC Complex, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
New Delhi - 110002, India
Tel : 91-11-23233925
Fax : 91-11-23217061
E-mail : dpmaids@gmail.com
principal@madch.ac.in
drvermamahesh@gmail.com
Web : www.madch.ac.in
Foreword to the Third Edition
Textbook of Oral Medicine by Dr Anil Govindrao Ghom is a comprehensive well-written text. The strength of this book is centered in its lucid language and contemporary concepts. The same is vigorously integrated into all the diagnostic and treatment planning of topics covered in the entire book.
Going through the chapters, the reader could additionally focus on the ‘points to remember’ reflecting the author's understanding of students’ need.
The extensive volume of the book is structured into 52 chapters widely covering the subject by a group of focused teachers and researchers. All the faculty contributors have incorporated relevant concepts very clearly pertaining to their areas of expertization.
Dr Ghom has undertaken outstanding job of editing this text into a valued resource for each student of dentistry and oral medicine as well as dental practitioners for the professional knowledge enhancement.
I strongly recommend this book for undergraduate and postgraduate students and clinicians.
I do congratulate Dr Anil Govindrao Ghom for bringing out the Third Edition of this book successfully.
Mahesh Verma
Director-Principal
Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences
New Delhi, India
President
Indian Dental Association12
13 Foreword to the Second Edition
“Enthusiasm is driving force that overcome all obstacles”
It is my proud privilege to write a Foreword for Second Edition of this book by Dr Anil Govindrao Ghom. In short time this book has become most popular among undergraduates and postgraduates all over the country.
In the Second Edition, number of chapters have been presented in a better organized manner. This book carries updated information of the subject in this rapidly changing world of science. New chapter “Controversial Diseases and Terminologies” is incorporated, also there are number of new photographs, radiographs, multiple choice questions (MCQs) and references. I am sure this new updated Second Edition will be more beneficial for the undergraduate and postgraduate students for reference and regular reading.
RN Mody
Professor and Head
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology
Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute
Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India14
15 Preface to the Third Edition
‘Always continue the climb. It is possible for you to do whatever you choose, if you first get to know who you are and are willing to work with a power that is greater than ourselves to do it’.
This is the Third Edition of Textbook of Oral Medicine and we are gratified by the acceptance and support that the book has received over the years from educators, students and practitioners. The purpose of Third Edition of this book is manifold. We have evaluated and utilized suggestions from all the critical reviews and recommendations from the faculty members.
This Third Edition of book includes lot of changes. We have incorporated students-friendly points to remember, that will help them to revise at the time of examination. Also from students’ point of view, we have included most commonly asked long answer questions (LAQs), short answer questions (SAQs) and multiple choice questions (MCQs) at the end of each chapter.
Obviously each successive edition of this textbook finds the edition with more information. So in this edition, we have attempted to solidify and include recent knowledge. This book also includes new chapters on halitosis, geriatric dentistry, immunomodulators, and banned drugs in dentistry.
Again as a human being, mistakes are bound to happen. We have tried this Third Edition to best of our efforts, still there can be shortcoming and we request readers to make note of it and we will try to rectify it in next edition.
Anil Govindrao Ghom
sanvil@rediffmail.com
anil_ghom@yahoomail.com
Savita Anil Ghom (Lodam)
16 Preface to the First Edition
“You must not be discouraged if the world does not rush to you, demanding what you have;neither must you quietly sit down to let world wonder and then seek you; you must be aggressive, you must carry your truths to people and cause them to see them so clearly that they must accept them”
The student looked for a reference on which to build an educational foundation with regard to basic principle. A few years ago, much of the information offered in this text was not available.
Since the principle and treatment modalities offered herein will continue to evolve, it behooves the student to be fully informed of the state of the art to be able to critically evaluate the worthiness or applicability of any future development.
I have endeavored to ensure that a consistent style has emerged and is in harmony, where appropriate, with the diseases of oral region along with the differential diagnoses, which are covered in detail.
The purpose of this book is to correlate the gross and microscopic pathological features with the radiographic appearance of oral diseases and systemic diseases manifested in the jaw.
In our increasingly litigious society, it is vital that the dentist understands the law as it relates to dentistry. The chapter on Medicolegal Issue is an essential reading, along with the Consumer Protection Act.
Diseases can be understood best when the interpreter understands not only the disease process but also the basic science associated with it. For this reason, I have included a separate section for basic science.
Recently, as examination pattern is changing and MCQs are getting importance, MCQs are added in a separate chapter.
I tried my best to cover all the aspects of oral diseases in this book. If this goal is achieved, then this textbook may contribute, in a small way, to better care of patients who suffer from these diseases.
Anil Govindrao Ghom
17 Acknowledgments
‘The key is to keep company only with people who uplift you, whose presence calls forth your best.
No work is complete without the help of friends and well-wishers, and we are lucky to have them with us in this venture. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr Pravin Lambade, Dr Jitendra Sachdeo, Dr Vikas Meshram, Dr Bhaskar Patle, Dr Revant Chole, Dr Amit Parate, Dr Sanjay Pincha, Dr Milind Chandurkar, Dr Ashok L, Dr Umaraji, Dr Tapasya Karemore, Dr Avinash Kshar, Dr M Shimizu, Dr Fusun Yasar, Dr Iswar, Dr Bande, Dr Kadam, Dr R Kamikawa, Dr Suwas Darvekar, Dr Vijay Mohan, Dr Sonal Gupta, Dr Shubhangi Mhaske, Dr Ambika L, Dr Ashwini Rani, Dr Mallayya Pujari, Dr Preeti Girinath, Dr Parvathi Devi, Dr Abhishek Sinha, Dr Vijeev Vasudevan, Dr Sudhakar, Dr Sudarshan R, Dr Ajay Bhoosreddy, Dr Jaychandran, Dr Kamala Rawson, Dr Vibha Jain, Dr B Vijay Kumar, Dr Vinay Kumar Reddy, Dr Guruprasad R, Dr Sanad K Bhuyan, G Vivekanandh Reddy, Dr Sumit Goel, Dr Vishal Mahrotra, Dr Manu Dhillon, Dr Vijay Raghavan, Dr Prema Mathur, Dr Sreedevi, Dr Poonam Khatry, Dr Sagar Nagare, Dr Harsha Vardhan, Dr Amit Gothwal, Dr Ravindra SV, Dr Ashok Uikey, Dr Sunitha M, Dr Stuti Bhargav, Dr Mayuri Agrawal, Dr M Venkateshwarlu, Dr Siddharth Gupta, Dr K Anbarasi, Dr Manika Singh, Dr Vivek V, Dr Shivu M, Dr Deepankar Misra, Dr K Sridevi, Dr Punjab Wanjari, Dr Mukta Motwani, Dr Rawlani, Dr N Kannan, Dr Manish Thadani, for their hard work and valuable input as without their contribution, fruition of this book would have been difficult.
Special thanks to Dr Gagandeep Chawala, Dr Smriti Goswami, Dr Uma Rohra, Dr Swapnil Dewakirti, Dr Pranita Rohan, Dr Nehal Rathore, Dr Swati Rao, and Dr Pragya Jaiswal, for their contribution in making this book enriched with colored pictures.
We extend our thanks to Dr Akash Ghosh, Dr Janhvi Verma, Dr Sunaina Shetty, for their help in completion of the book.
‘Your goals are the road maps that guide you and show you what is possible for your life.’ This is true for our teacher Dr RN Mody, who has been a constant source of inspiration and guidance.
We would like to thank Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director) and Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for publishing this book.
We want to express our sincere gratitude to our family whose bonding give us strength.
At last, we offer our earnest prayers to the Almighty, for endowing us the strength and confidence in accomplishing to the best of our abilities.18