Index

Hair and Hair Disorders: Diagnosis & Management S Sacchidanand, Savitha AS, Lakshmi DV

1:Evolution of Hair
- Introduction
- Convergent Evolution
- Scale as a Basal State for Hair Follicle
- Molecular Evolution of α- and β-keratin (Figure 1.3)
- Relative Hairlessness in Humans
2:Hair Anatomy
- Introduction
- Types of Hair (Box 2.2)
- Morphological Variants of Hair (Box 2.5)
- Composition of Hair
- Development of Hair Follicles
- Anatomy of the Hair Follicle
- Hair Shaft (Figure 2.11)
- Hair Cycle (Figures 2.15 and 2.16)
- Functions of Hair
3:An Approach to a Patient with Hair Disorder
- Introduction
- History (Algorithm 3.1)
- Daily Hair Count Test (Box 3.7)
- Standardized Wash Test (Box 3.8)
- 60 Second Hair Count Test
  - Procedure
  - Drawbacks
- Hair Pull Test
- Global Photography Technique (Box 3.10)
- Dermoscopy and Videodermoscopy
  - Advantages
- Hair Pluck Test/Trichogram (Figure 3.4)
- Unit Area Trichogram (UAT)
  - Drawbacks
- Phototrichogram (PTG)
- Scalp Biopsy (Figure 3.6)
4:Genetic Hair Disorders
- Introdution
- Monilethrix (Synonym: Beaded Hair)
- Pseudomonilethrix (Box 4.4)
- Pili Torti (PT) (Synonym: Twisted hair, Corkscrew Hair18)
- Menkes Disease (Synonyms: Kinky Hair Disease, Trichopoliodystrophy, Steely Hair Disease)
- Netherton Syndrome (Box 4.12) (Synonyms: Netherton's Disease, Bamboo Hair)
- Trichothiodystrophy (Acronyms: PIBIDS, IBIDS and BIDS)
- Ectodermal dysplasia
5:Hair Shaft Disorders
- Introduction
- Classification of Hair Shaft Disorders (Box 5.1)
- Infections
- Applications of Wood's Lamp in Hair Shaft Disorders
  - Tinea Capitis
6:Bacterial Infections of Hair and Scalp
- Introduction
- Classification
- Diseases of the Scalp Due to Presumed Bacterial Etiology
- Disorders of the scalp in other bacterial infections
  - Syphilis
  - Mycobacterial Infections
7:Fungal Infections of Hair and Scalp
- Introduction
- Trichomycoses Caused by Dermatophytes
  - Tinea Capitis
- Pathogenesis
- Piedra
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- Pityriasis Capitis Simplex/Seborrheic Dermatitis
8:Pediculosis Capitis
- Introduction
- Structure
- Life Cycle
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors for Transmission
- Clinical Features
- Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment (Table 8.1)
  - General Measures
  - Topical Therapy (Table 8.2)
    - Oral Agents
- Complications
- Prognosis
9:Scalp Disorders: Itchy and Scaly Scalp
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of Itch (Pruritus)
- Clinical Characteristics
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Psoriasis
- Atopic Dermatitis
- Contact Dermatitis
- Pityriasis Amiantacea (Box 9.5)
- Lichen Planus
- Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
- Pediculosis Capitis
- Lichen Simplex
- Sensitive Scalp
- Bullous Disorders
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Psoriasis
- Pityriasis Amiantacea
- Atopic Dermatitis
- Tinea Capitis
- Parasitic Diseases
- Bullous Disorders
- Darier Disease
10:Alopecia Areata
- Epidemiology
- Etiology
  - Genetics
  - Autoimmunity (Figure 10.1)
- Clinical Presentation
  - Nail Changes
- Differential Diagnosis
- Physical Examination
  - Assessing the Severity of Disease
- Investigations
- Histopathology
- Management
  - Psychological Support
  - Pharmacological Management
- Course of Disease
- ANNEXURE
11:Androgenetic Alopecia
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Presentations
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Evaluation of hair loss
- Serial Photography
- Scalp Biopsies
- Histopathology
- Management
12:Hair Loss in Women
- Pathologic Dynamics of Hair Loss
- Etiologies and Clinical Presentations
- Dystrophic Anagen Effluvium
- Telogen Effluvium
- Androgenetic Alopecia
- Postpartum Hair Loss
- Menopause
- Senescent Alopecia
- Seasonality of Hair Growth and Shedding
- Inflammatory Phenomena and Scarring
- Postmenopausal Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
- Fibrosing Alopecia in a Pattern Distribution
- Acute Diffuse and Total Alopecia of the Female Scalp
- Psychogenic Pseudoeffluvium
- Tonsure Trichotillomania
- Adjustment Disorders
- Quantitating Hair Loss
- Value of Trichoscopy for Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Value of Oral Supplementation Therapy
- Treatment of Female Androgenetic Alopecia
- Value of Hair Care
- Autologous Hair Transplantation
- Hair Prosthesis
- Psychological Counseling
- Suggested Reading
13:Telogen Effluvium
- Definition
- Burden
- Impact on the Individual
- Triggers
- Physiological Condition
  - Postpartum Effluvium (Box 13.2)
  - TE with Prolonged Breastfeeding
  - Newborn Alopecia (Figures 13.1 and 13.2)
- Dietary Triggers
  - Protein-Calorie Restrictions
  - Fatty Acid Deficiency
  - Iron Deficiency
  - Zinc Deficiency
  - Copper Deficiency
  - Biotin Deficiency
  - Vitamin D Deficiency
- Stress
- Endocrine Dysfunction
- Inflammatory Scalp Diseases
- Drugs and Supplements
- Pathogenesis
- Classification
  - Functional Classification
  - Clinical Classification
- Diagnosis
- Physical Examination
  - Scalp Examination
  - Assessment of Hair Shedding
  - Laboratory Work-up
  - Scalp Biopsy
  - Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Patient Education
- Management of Triggers
  - Nutritional Supplement
  - Treatment of Underlying Scalp Inflammation
- Specific Treatments
  - Minoxidil
  - Botanicals and Topical Supplements
  - Growth Factors
- Camouflage and Scalp Prosthesis
- Surgery
14:Hair and Endocrine System
- Introduction
- Androgens
- Estrogen
- Thyroid Hormones
- Vitamin D
- Prolactin
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor
  - Clinical Relevance
- Insulin
  - Effect on Hair
  - Clinical Relevance
- Parathyroid Hormone
- Melatonin
- Glucocorticoids
- Corticotropin Releasing Factor
- Erythropoietin
15:Cicatricial Alopecia
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Classification
- Primary Cicatricial Alopecia
- Secondary Cicatricial Alopecia
- Cicatricial alopecia: At a glance
16A:Hirsutism
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Etiopathogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Investigations
- Management of Hirsutism
  - Counseling
  - Lifestyle Modification
- Treatment
16B:Hypertrichosis
- Definition
- Hypertrichosis of Lanugo Hair
  - Congenital Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa
  - Acquired
    - Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa Acquisita (HLA)
    - Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa Acquisita Associated with Malignancy
- Hypertrichosis of Vellus Hairs
  - Ambras Syndrome
- Hypertrichosis of Terminal Hairs
  - Congenital
17:Hair and Nutrition
- Introduction
- Protein-energy Malnutrition (PEM)
- Deficiency of Vitamins
- Essential Fatty Acids (EFA)
- Deficiency of Micronutrients
- Treatment
  - Nutritional Supplements12
18:Cultural Influence on Hair Disorders
- Introduction
- Structural Evaluation
- Hair Care Practices Among Different Cultures (Box 18.1)
- Association of Hair and Scalp Disorders with the Prevailing Cultural Trends
19:Canities
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology (Figure 19.1)
- Pattern of Graying
- Characteristics of Gray Hair (Box 19.3)
- Classification (Figure 19.2)
- Primary Diffuse Hypopigmentation of Hair
- Poliosis
- Alteration of Hair Color Due to Exogenous Agents
- Management
20:Follicular Tumors
- Introduction
- Functional Anatomy of the Hair Follicle (Figures 20.1A to C)
- Keratinization of Various Follicular Structures
21:Psychosomatic Hair Disorders
- Introduction
- Primary Psychotrichological Conditions
  - Scalp Dysesthesia
    - Differential Diagnosis (Box 21.1)
  - Trichotillomania
- Primary Trichological Condition with Secondary Psychological Impact
- Multifactorial Diseases Affecting the Scalp
- Glossary
22:Shampoos and Conditioners
- Introduction
- ‘Genealogy’ of the Current Day Shampoo (Figure 22.1)
- Definition (Box 22.1)
- Shampoos that Address Specific Needs (Figure 22.4)
- Adverse Reactions to Shampoos
23:Follicular Unit Transplantation
- Introduction
- History and Evolution of Hair Transplantation
- Theory of Donor Dominance: Basis of Hair Transplantation
- Mini-micro Grafting
- Follicular Units and Follicular Unit Transplantation
- Hair Transplantation in Females34,39
- Hair Transplantation Under Special Situation
- Limitations of Follicular Unit Transplantation
24:Recent Advances in Hair Transplantation
- Introduction
- Improving Donor Scar
25:Laser Hair Removal
- Introduction
- Definition
- Hair Growth Cycle
- Principle of Laser Kinetics and Dynamics for Hair Reduction
- Types of Lasers for Hair Removal
- Indications15,20,21
- Contraindications13,22
  - Absolute
  - Relative
- History and Examination
- Preprocedure Workup13,22,23
  - Test Patch
- Laser Hair Removal Procedure13
  - Use of Eflornithine Cream Along with Laser
- Hair Reduction Systems (Table 25.3)
- Newer Concepts in Laser Hair Removal
- Choosing Appropriate Patients32
- Complications
26:Mesotherapy for Hair and Scalp Disorders
- Introduction
- Principle of Mesotherapy
- Techniques used in Mesotherapy for Hair
- Ingredients used in Mesotherapy for Hair Loss
- Indications
- Treatment Protocol and Procedure (Box 26.5)
  - Protocol and Formulas (Table 26.1)
    - Protocol
- Postmesotherapy Instructions/Care
- Contraindications
- Adverse Effects
- Position of Mesotherapy
- Advantages of Mesotherapy
27:Hair Cosmetics
- Introduction
- Hair Treatments
- Styling Aids (Table 27.1)
28:Platelet Rich Plasma in Trichology
- Introduction
- Definition
  - Working Definition of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)
- Mechanism of Action5
- Growth Factors of Platelet Rich Plasma
- Classification of Platelet Concentrates
- Method of Preparation of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)
  - Manual Double Spin Method
    - Technique
  - Automated Devices
- Factors Affecting Platelet Yield and Viability
  - Double Spin Method vs Single Spin Method
- Indications for Platelet Rich Plasma
- Advantages of Platelet Rich Plasma
- Acknowledgment
29:Stem Cell Therapy in Hair Restoration
- Introduction
- Stem cells
- Hair and Stem Cells
- Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Human Hair Follicle Stem cells (HFSCs)
- Heterologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Criteria to Define Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Limits of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
30:Overview of Management of Disorders of Hair and Scalp
- Alopecia
- Scaling disorders

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes