A
Abacavir 314
Abducent nerve 24
ACE inhibitors 310
Acetazolamide 316
Acute angle-closure glaucoma 250
Acute conjunctivitis 111
Adenylyl cyclase-camp system 52
Adverse drug reactions 63
expected
secondary effects 63
side-effects 63
toxicity 63
unexpected
carcinogenicity 64
genetically determined 63
idiosyncratic reactions 64
immunologically mediated 63
teratogenicity 64
Age-related macular degeneration 234
laser photocoagulation in 234
nutritional agents in
lutein 235
zeaxanthin 235
photodynamic therapy in 234
verteporfin (visudyne) 234
Alendronate 311
Allergic conjunctivitis 187
Allopurinol 312
Alprazolam 307
Amblyopia 91
Aminoglycosides
administration 127
adverse effects 127
bacterial resistance 126
classification 125
contraindications 128
dosage 127
therapeutic uses 127
Amiodarone 310
Amitriptyline 307
Amlodipine 310
Amorolfine 153
Amphetamine 306
Ampicillin 314
Anidulafungin 152
Annulus of Zinn 15
Anti-glaucoma drugs
adverse effects, systemic 213
adverse effects 213
contraindications 213
therapeutic uses 213
adverse effects 213
contraindications 213
adverse effects 212
ocular adverse effects 212
Anti-inflammatory therapy, in dry eyes 240
Antioxidants 72
Aquaporins 10
Aqueous enhancement therapy, in dry eyes 240
Aqueous solutions 74
Artery
central retinal 16
ciliary 16
dorsal nasal 16
ethmoidal 16
lacrimal 16
maxillary 16
medial palpebral 16
meningeal 16
supratrochlear 16
Aspergillus niger 66
Aspergillus species 147
Aspirin 312
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) 207
Atorvastatin 311
Augmentin 108
Autologous serum 243
Azathioprine 205
B
B. quintana 123
Bacitracin
administration and dosage 130
contraindications of 131
in blepharitis 131
in chronic conjunctivitis 131
in corneal ulcers 131
in keratitis 131
mechanism of action of 130
Bacterial keratitis 111
Bartonella henselae 123
Beclomethasone 312
Behçet's disease 205
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) 66
Benzatropine 306
Beta lactam antibiotics 103
Beta-blockers 306
Betamethasone 178
Bifonazole 150
Bioadhesive hydrogels 77
Bioavailability enhancer excipients 68
BK virus 136
Blepharitis 111
Blepharocolysis 2
Blepharospasm 2
Bordetella pertussis 123
Borrelia burgdorferi 121
Borrelia recurrentis 121
Botulinum toxin 256
Buffers 242
Bullous keratopathy 250
Busulphan 315
Butenafine 153
Butoconazole 150
C
C. pneumoniae 122
C. psittaci 122
Canis 153
Carbachol 256
Carbamazepine 308
Carbapenems 111
adverse effects of 112
in bacterial endophthalmitis 112
in prophylaxis of post-operative endophthalmitis 112
Caspofungin 152
Centrimonium 67
Cevimeline 244
Chlorambucil 205
adverse effects 114
antibacterial spectrum 113
in corneal ulceration 114
in dacryoadenitis 114
in gonococcal conjunctivitis 114
in gonococcal corneal ulcer 114
mechanism of action 112
Chlorhexidine 68
Chloroquine 314
Chlorpheniramine 313
Cholinomimetic drugs 211
Chondroitin sulfate 242
Choroidal neovascularization 295
Ciliary body 13f
Clonazepam 307
Clostridia tetani 121
Clotrimazole 150
Coccidioides species 147
Codeine 307
Conjunctival hyperemia 199
cleaning systems 265
disinfection systems
hydrogen peroxide 268
multipurpose disinfecting solutions 268
disinfection systems of 266
enzymatic cleaners for 266
rewetting solutions for 269
storage case for 269
surfactant cleaners for 266
soft hydrogel 265
soft silicone hydrogel 265
Corneal epithelial defects 199
Corneal herpetic lesions 139
Corneal hydrops 250
Corneal permeability coefficient 32
Corneal ulceration 111
Corticosteroids
adverse effects 176
anti-inflammatory effect 174
classification 172
contraindications 177
immunosuppression effect 174
intraocular use 176
periocular use 175
systemic use of 176
therapeutic uses of 174
topical use of 175
Cotton pledgets 85
Cryptococcus neoformans 147
Crystallin proteins 14
Crystalline lens 14
Cyclopentolate 92
Cyclophosphamide 205
Cyclosporin A 243
D
Dacryoadenitis 111
Dacryocystitis 111
D-alanyl-D-alanine 106
Demecarium 306
Dendritic herpetic ulcer 140
Dendric ulcer 138
Desferoxamine 316
Dextrothyroxine 311
drugs used 232t
anti-VEGF drugs 231
bevacizumab 233
corticosteroids 233
dexamethasone 233
fluocinolone acetonide 234
pegaptanib 231
ranibizumab 231
triamcinolone acetonide 233
vitreolytic agent 234
mild NPDR 229
moderate NPDR 229
non-proliferative 229
proliferative (PDR) 229
severe NPDR 229
Diazepam 308
Didanosine 314
Digoxin 310
Diltiazem 310
Diphenhydramine 313
Diphenoxylate 316
Diuretics 310
Docetaxel 315
Dornase alfa 316
Doxazosin 310
ocular 37
systemic route 36
oral 36
parenteral 36
topical route 30
transconjunctival 32
transcorneal 30
transscleral 33
Drug action
chemical reactions 55
inducing antibody formation 56
non-receptor mediated mechanisms 55
physical 56
protoplasmic poisons 56
targeting enzymes 56
Drug administration routes
intraocular 25
intracameral 25
intravitreal 25
periocular 22
peribulbar 24
retrobulbar 24
subconjunctival 22
sub-Tenon's 23
systemic 25
topical 21
Drug affinity 50
Drug safety measurement 58
Drug-drug interactions 63
E
Echothiophate 306
Econazole 150
Endocytosis 30
Endophthalmitis 262
Enfuvirtide 314
Epidermophyton floccosum 153
Epithelial keratitis 140
Erythromycin 314
Estradiol 311
Estrogen 311
Ethambutol 314
Ethanol 308
Ethinylestradiol 311
Ethosuximide 308
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) 206
Etretinate 315
Excimer laser keratectomy 140
Extraocular irrigation 84
Eyeball injuries 5
Eyelid edema 199
F
Facilitated diffusion 29f
Fas ligands 16
Felbamate 308
Fenticonazole 150
adverse effects 118t
contraindications 119
in acute bacterial conjunctivitis 117
in bacterial endophthalmitis 118
in bacterial keratitis 117
in blepharitis 117
in gonococcal corneal ulcer 117
in prophylaxis for post-operative endophthalmitis 118
interactions 119
Fluorometholone acetate 178
Fluvastatin 311
Fuch's endothelial dystrophy 250
Fusarium solani 268
G
Gabapentin 308
Gels 76
Gene therapy applications 292t
in corneal alkali burn 294
in corneal dystrophies 294
in corneal graft rejection 292
in corneal neovascularization 293
in corneal scarring and wound healing 293
in glaucoma 295
in ocular surface disorders 294
Genital herpes infection 141
Gentamicin 314
Glucocorticoids 190
Gold 312
Gonococcal conjunctivitis 111
Gonococcal corneal ulceration 111
Gonococcus 109
Gramicidin 132
Granulomatosis 205
Growth factors 256
epidermal growth factor (EGF) 256
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 257
transforming growth factors (TGFs) 257
Gypseum153
H
H. influenzae 108
adverse effects of 186t
pharmacological effects 185
anticholinergic effects 185
antiemetic effects 185
antiparkinsonian effects 185
sedation 185
topical ocular use 187
Hashish 308
Hemolytic Streptococcus 109
Hepatitis 262
Heroin 308
Herpes viruses 144
Homatropine 91
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 263
Human recombinant interferon 205
Hyaluronidase 256
Hydralazine 310
Hydrocortisone 312
Hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) 206
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 255
Hyoscine 91
Hypermetropia 9
glycerol (glycerin) 248
isosorbide 249
mannitol 248
topical 250
glycerol (glycerin) 250
hypertonic saline 250
Hyphema 199
Hypopyon 199
I
Ibuprofen 312
Indomethacin 312
Infective waste disposal 263
Infraorbital fissure 5
Infraorbital foramen 6
Infraorbital sulcus 5
Insulin 311
Interdigitalis 153
Inverse agonists 51
Ionotropic receptors (type I receptors) 52f
Iopamidol 316
Isocarboxazid 308
Isoniazid 314
Isosorbide 310
Isotretinoin 315
L
Lactamase inhibitor combinations 109
Lactoferrin 4
Lamivudin 314
Lamotrigine 308
L-ascorbate. See L-ascorbic acid
L-ascorbic acid 278
Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 140
Lasik surgery 89
Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) 295
Leuprolide 316
Levator palpebrae muscle 1
Levetiracetam 308
Levonorgestrel 311
Levothyroxine 311
Lid scrubs 84
Linezolid 314
Lipid emulsion 243
Listeria 111
Lithium 308
Local anesthetic
adverse effects 199
local 199
on cardiovascular system 199
on central nervous system 199
contraindications 200
injectables 196t
local infiltration 201
mechanism of action 197
peribulbar block 201
retrobulbar block 200
sub-Tenon's block 201
Local anterior uveitis 199
Losartan 310
Lovastatin 311
LSD 308
Lutein 275
Lycopene 274f
M
M. scrofulaceum 122
Macrolides
adverse effects 124t
contraindications of 124
in bacterial conjunctivitis 123
in blephritis 123
in chronic or recurrent conjunctivitis 123
in trachoma 124
interactions of 124
mechanism of action of 122
Marijuana 308
Mast cell stabilizers 188
adverse effects 189
cromolyn 188
disodium chromoglycate (cromolyn) 188
mechanism of action 188
ocular use 189
Measurement drug effects measurement 56
Medroxyprogesterone 311
Meibomian gland, dysfunction 2
Mescaline 308
Metabotropic receptors 53f
Methadone 308
Methyl dopa 310
Methyl phenidate 308
Methyl predinosolone 312
Methylphenidate 308
Micafungin 152
Midazolam 307
Mitomycin C 257
Modified drug responses 59
acquired tolerance 60
acute tolerance 60
drug tolerance 59
natural tolerance 59
pharmacodynamic tolerance 60
pharmacokinetic tolerance 60
Molluscum contagiosum 136
Mometasone 312
Monobactams 112
Morphine 308
Moraxella species 117
Multiple dose administration and dosing schedule 46
Mycobacterium spp. 117
Mycobacterium kansasii 122
Mycophenolate mofetil 205
Mydriatics, Contradictions 88t
Mydriatics, indications 88t
Myopia 9
N
Naftifine 153
Nasolacrimal apparatus 3
Niacin 311
Nifedipine 310
Nitrates 310
Nitroglycerine 310
Non-beta lactam antibiotics 112
in acute bacterial conjunctivitis 114
in blepharitis 114
in bacterial keratitis 114
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 163
adverse effects 167
mechanism of action 164t
pharmacological actions 165
analgesic 166
anti-inflammatory action 166
antiplatelet action 166
therapeutic uses 166
analgesic 166
anti-inflammatory 167
antiplatelet action 167
antipyretic 167
NSAIDs, Topical ocular use 169t
O
Ocular decongestants 190
adverse effects 191
naphazoline 191
oxymetazoline 191
phenylephrine 191
tetrahydrozoline 191
Ocular infection indications 109
Omeprazole 313
Opioid (narcotic) analgesics 157
absorption 159
adverse effects 162
classification 159t
contraindications 162
head injury 162
impaired hepatic functions 162
impaired renal functions 162
reduced pulmonary function 162
distribution 159
mechanism of action 157
metabolism 159
pharmacological actions 160
analgesia 160
emesis 161
euphoria 160
histamine release 161
miosis 161
respiratory depression 160
sedation 160
suppression of cough reflex 161
receptor subtypes 158
dynorphins 158t
endorphin 158t
enkephalin 158t
therapeutic uses 161
acute pulmonary edema 162
analgesia 161
cough suppression 162
diarrhea 162
topical ocular use 163
Opium 308
Orbit 4
dimensions 5f
infection spread in 6
malignancy spread in 6
margins 5
fractures 6
inferior 6
lateral 6f
medial 6f
superior 6
Orbital apex syndrome 9
Orphenadrine 313
Oxacephems 112
Oxcarbazepine 308
Oxiconazole 150
Oxybutynin chloride 306
P
Paclitaxel 315
Palpebral fissure 89
Papillary hypertrophy 199
Parabens 67
Paricalcitol 316
Partial agonists 51
Pasteurella spp. 131
Penetration enhancers 70
Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 106
Penicillins
aminopenicillins 107
antipseudomonal penicillins 108
beta lactamase inhibitor combinations 108
natural penicillins 106
ophthalmic use 108
penicillin G 106
penicillin V 106
penicillinase-resistant penicillins 107
Peptococcus 121
Phagocytosis 3
chloramphenicol 113
cotrimoxazole 129
disodium chromoglycate 188
echinocandins 152
griseofulvin 153
idoxuridine (IDU) 137
nanoparticle 296
NSAIDs 164
opioids 159
polymyxin B 131
terbinafine 154
tetracyclines 121
trifluridine 137
vidarabine 138
Phenobarbitone 308
Phenothiazines 308
Phenytoin 308
Phospholipase C-inositol phosphate system 53
Physostigmine 91
Pilocarpine, contraindications 213
Pimecrolimus 208
Pinguecula 3
Pirenzepine 313
Polyangiitis 205
Polyhexamethylenebiguanide 68
Polymeric gels 77
Polymyxin B
adverse effects 132
in blepharitis 132
in blepharoconjunctivitis 132
in conjunctivitis 132
in corneal ulcers 132
in keratitis 132
mechanism of action 131
Polyquaternium-1 67
Post-herpetic neuralgia 140
Post-operative endophthalmitis 262
Pralidoxime 306
Pravastatin 311
Prazosin 306
Prednisone 312
Primidone 308
Progestogens 311
Propionibacterium 121
Pseudomonal keratitis 111
Psilocybin 308
Pterygium 3
Pterygopalatine ganglion 3
R
Ranitidine 313
Receptors 52
actions 55
desensitization 55
down-regulation 55
spare receptors 55
supersensitivity 55
upregulation 55
cytoplasmic receptors 54
enzyme-linked receptors 54
Retina 14
Retinal vein occlusion 235
anti-platelet therapy 236
drugs used 236
hydroxyethyl starch or dextran 236
ticlopidine 236
troxerutin 236
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) 295
Retinoic acid 316
Reuptake inhibitors 308
Rimexolone 178
Rofecoxib 312
Rosuvastatin 311
S
S. pneumoniae 116
Salbutamol 306
Scleral spur 11
Scleritis 12
Selective serotonin 308
Selenium 273
Sertaconazole 150
Sildenafil 316
Simvastatin 311
Smallpox 136
Sodium hyaluronic acid 255
Sodium perborate 68
Solifenacin succinate 306
Sorbic acid 67
Spirochetes 120
Sporothrix schenckii 147
SSRIS 308
Stabilized oxychloro complex (SOC) 68
Staphylococci 117
Sterilization methods 258
Stromal keratitis 140
Sulconazole 150
administration and dosage 129
adverse effects 129
local 129
systemic 130
classification 128
contraindications, 130
cotrimoxazole 129
mechanism of action 128
trimethoprim (TMP) 128
Sulfonylureas 311
Surfactants 71
Suspensions 74
T
Tadalafil 316
Tamoxifen 311
Tamsulosin 306
Tarsal Meibomian glands 3
Tenon's capsule 11f
Terazosin 310
adverse effects 121
bacterial resistance of 121
blepharitis 121
in acute conjunctivitis 121
in bacterial endophthalmitis 121
in bacterial keratitis 121
in corneal ulceration 121
in dacryoadenitis 121
in ophthalmia neonatorum 121
mechanism of action 120
Thiabendazole 149
Thiamine 276
Thimerosal 67
Tiagabine 308
Ticarcillin disodium 108
Timentin 108
Tioconazole 150
Tolterodinet artrate 306t
Topiramate 308
Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) 25
Trachoma 121
Trichophyton
crateriform 153
gallinae 153
interdigitalis 153
megnini 153
mentagrophytes 153
rubrum 153
schoenleini 153
sulphureum 153
tonsurans 153
verrucosum 153
Trochlear fossa 5
Tropicamide 93
V
Valproic acid 308
Vardenafil 316
Varicella species 139
Vehicles 68
Venlafaxine 308
Verapamil 310
Vernal conjunctivitis 189
Vibrio cholera 121
Vigabatrin 308
Viscosity enhancers 68
Visual pathway 18f
Vitamin B 276
Vitamin C 278
Vitamin E 276
Vitreous humor 14
Voclosporin 208