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Manual of Retainers in Orthodontics
Prithiviraj Jeyaraman
1:
Introduction
RETENTION
Retention Planning
Retainer
2:
Retention
FACTORS
TYPES
Short-term Retention
Medium-term Retention
Permanent Retention
3:
Stability
SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS ON RETENTION
THEOREMS ON RETENTION
Theorem 1
Theorem 2
Theorem 3
Theorem 4
Theorem 5
Theorem 6
Theorem 7
Theorem 8
Theorem 9
OCCLUSAL AND SOFT TISSUE FACTORS
Soft Tissue Factor
Occlusal Factor
FACIAL GROWTH AND OCCLUSAL DEVELOPMENT
Supporting Tissues
4:
Relapse
5:
Retainer
TYPES OF RETAINERS
Fixed Retainer
Removable Retainers
6:
Removable Retainer
HAWLEY RETAINER
WRAP-AROUND RETAINER
NON-ACRYLIC REMOVABLE RETAINER
POSITIONER APPLIANCE
Custom-made
Preformed
ORGANIC POLYMER WIRE FORESTHETIC MAXILLARY RETAINERS
INVISIBLE RETAINERS
ESSIX RETAINERS
7:
Active Retainers
REALIGNMENT OF IRREGULAR INCISORS
Spring Retainers
Removable Spring Retainers
ACTIVATABLE RETENTION TECHNIQUE
TYPES OF ACTIVE RETAINERS
Upper Retainer
Lower Retainer
8:
Functional Appliances
ANDRESEN APPLIANCE
ACTIVATOR
BIONATOR APPLIANCE
FUNCTIONAL REGULATOR
REMOVABLE PLASTIC HERBST RETAINER
9:
Fixed Retainers
INTRODUCTION
BONDED RETAINERS
Types
THIRD-GENERATION MANDIBULARBONDED LINGUAL 3–3 RETAINER
Bonded Lingual Retainer
Retentive Staples
Resin Fiberglass Bonded Retainer
Indications for Bonded Retainers
Maintenance of Lower Incisor Position During Late Growth
Diastema Maintenance
Maintenance of Pontic Space
PREFABRICATED RETAINER (FIGS 9.6A to C)
Techniques for Construction of Bonded Retainers
Indirect Technique
Direct Technique
IN VIVO STUDIES OF BONDED RETAINERS
Failure Rates
Failure Type
Hygiene Status and Bonded Retainers
CONCLUSION
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
L
M
N
O
R
T
Page numbers followed by
f
refer to figure
A
Activator appliance
32f
Andresen appliance
31
,
31f
B
Bionator
33f
appliance
33
Bonded flexible retainer
14
Bonded lingual retainer
38
Bonded retainers
36
in vivo studies of
45
techniques for construction of
41
types
36
C
Canine-to-canine bonded fixed retainer
36
Closed median diastemas
38
types
36
D
Diastema maintenance
41
types
36
E
Essix retainer
14
,
24
Esthetic maxillary retainer
22
types
36
F
Facial growth
11
Flexible wire bonded fixed retainer
36
Frankel
appliance
33f
functional regulator of
33
types
36
H
Hawley’s
appliance
17
retainer
14
,
16
,
17
types
36
L
Lingual retainer fixation
44f
completion of
44f
,
45
Lower lingual bonded retainer
14
types
36
M
Maxillary retainer, application of
22
types
36
N
Non-acrylic removable retainer
14
,
19
types
36
O
Organic polymer wires
22
types
36
R
Removable plastic Herbst retainer
34
Resin fiberglass
bonded retainer
39
retainer on lower arch
40f
Retainers
2
,
14
,
42f
active
14
adjustable lingual
42f
bonded lingual
38f
essix
25f
esthetic maxillary
22f
fixed
14
,
36
Hawley
16f
Herbst
34f
invisible
23
,
24f
modified
42f
non-acrylic removable
19f
prefabricated
41
,
42f
removable
16
,
16f
spring
14
types of
3
,
14
wrap-around
14
,
18
Retention
duration of
3
medium-term
5
permanent
5
short-term
4
types of
4
,
5
T
Tooth positioner, application of
20f
TOC
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