A
Abortions 3
Abruptio placentae 177
Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome 2
Adipocytokines 214
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 13
Air bronchograms 141
Alpha-cells 78
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) 158
American Thyroid Association 207
Androgen 110
Aneuploidy, biochemical screening 180
Angiotensin 15
Anorectal malformation 149
Anovulation 110
Anti-TG antibodies 207
Anti-thyroid drugs 207
Anti-TPO antibody 207
Aortic stenosis 147
Apgar score 198
Arginine vasopressin level 13
Arthrogryposis 149
Asparagine 84
Assisted reproductive treatment (ART) 137
Atherosclerosis, gestational diabetes mellitus 217
Atrial septal defects 147
Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance in Pregnancy (ACHOIS) 194
Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study (ACHOIS) 57
Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) 182
B
Bariatric surgery 110
complications of 113
in women of childbearing age 112
obesity role in
gastric band 111
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 111
sleeve gastrectomy 111
pre- and postoperative evaluation 114
Basal-bolus schedule 84t
Betamimetic drugs 185
Body mass index (BMI) 18, 20, 25, 26, 37, 45, 59, 70, 81, 110, 111, 159, 164, 165, 167, 177, 190, 225
classification in united states 229t
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) 68
C
Calcitonin 14
Carbohydrate metabolism 49
Cephalhematoma 140
Chorioamnionitis 177
Classically activated macrophages (CAM) 158
Clavicular fracture 140
Coarctation 147
Combined oral contraceptive 188
Complex carbohydrates 68
Conducting delivery 187b
Congenital malformations 26t
Connecting peptide (C-peptide) 83
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) 93
comparison of blood glucose 103
impact on glycosylated hemoglobin 98
in normal pregnancy 100
in obese pregnancy 100
interstitial glucose 102
limitations of 105
pregestational diabetes 99
quality of 104
safety of 95
training and education 105
Controlled antenatal thyroid screening study (CATS) 205
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 13
Cystic kidney 149
D
Decreased gestational glucose tolerance (DGGT) 81
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 15
Diaphragmatic nerve paralysis 140
Dietary reference intakes (DRI) 60
Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 158
Distress syndrome 88
Down’s syndrome 181
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans 27
E
Ectopic thyroid 202
Endogenous glucose production 78
Endoscopic dilatation 113
Epinephrine 15
Erb’s palsy 140
Erythrokinetics 50
E-selectin 217
Euglycemia 81
Excessive fetal growth 26t
Exogenous insulin therapy 49
F
Facial nerve injury 140
Fatty liver 111
Fetal
congenital malformations 25
distress 165
hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis 14
lung maturation 141
malformations 51
Free fatty acids (FFA) 18
Fuel-mediated teratogenesis 49
G
Gallstones 113
glycosylated hemoglobin 53
self-monitoring blood glucose 53
autoimmunity 160
beta cell function 19
breastfeeding 263
contraceptive choices 266
diagnosis 194
implementing diagnostic 38
new WHO criteria 38
single test procedure 35
diet charts
control assessment 49
control monitoring 53
homeostasis 49
high risk for 33t
inflammation 157t
insulin resistance 18
low risk for 33t
maternal health 232
nutrition therapy 197t
pharmacotherapy 198
placenta 19
cytokines 19
leptin levels 19
care 263
development 213
exercise 183
medical nutrition therapy 182
oral antidiabetic agents 184
Glucose
homeostasis 158
metabolism 113
oral glucose tolerance test 32
oxidase-peroxidase
hexokinase 36
method 43
Glulisine 84
Glycation end products (AGE) 21
Glycolysis 113
Glycosuria 156
GOD-POD method 45
Gonadotrophs 13
Growth hormone (GH) 13
H
Hemolytic anemia 50
Hemorrhage 110
Heparin 114
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) 28f
Hyaline membrane disease 141
Hydronephrosis 149
Hyperaminoacidemia 78
Hypercortisolemia 120
Hypercortisolism 16
Hyperestrogenemia 15
Hyperinsulinism, secondary fetal 137
Hypertensive syndromes 79
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 265b
Hypoglycemic, nocturnal 85
clinical features 202
congenital 206
diagnosis 203
etiology 202
management of 204f
subclinical 203
treatment 203
Hypoxemia 71
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy 179t
I
Indomethacin 87
Induction of labor 185
Infant
of diabetic mothers
cardiovascular anomalies 146
congenital malformations 147
evaluation of 151
hematological problems 145
hyperbilirubinemia 145
hypocalcemia 143
hypoglycemia 142
impaired fetal growth 140
pulmonary disease in 141
thrombocytopenia 145
respiratory distress syndrome 5t
antibodies 49
breastfeeding 89
delivery 88
detemir 85
dosage adjustment 87
elective caesarean delivery 89
fetal 49
glulisine 84
infusion, intravenous 88
labor 88
long-acting 87
non-immunogenic 80
postpartum 89
premixed human 84
preterm delivery 87
pump 86
regimens 81
requirement, factors affecting 79
abnormal lipid metabolism 214
adipocytokines 214
cellular mechanisms 214
peripheral 79
role of placental hormones 213
secretagogue 199
secretion 183
in pregnancy 78
Internal hernias 113
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) 6
International Diabetes Federation 3
Interventricular septal hypertrophy 149
Intrapartum asphyxia 151
Intussusception 113
Islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) 160
Isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia 206
L
Lactic acidosis 71
Lactotrophs 13
Leptin 214
Lifestyle interventions, during pregnancy 236
Lipid profile, gestational diabetes mellitus 216
Lipogenic genes 239
Lipoprotein receptors 16
Lysine 84
M
Macrosomia 4, 44, 51, 58, 70, 78, 79, 80, 98, 103, 106, 110, 137, 156, 165, 166, 178, 179, 182, 185, 186, 196, 198, 226, 236
fetal 49
risk of 140
Malaria 2
Maternal
Diabetes
classification of 137
pathophysiology 137
hyperglycemia, infant risks related 264
obesity
birth complications 165
fetal 166
management 171
neonatal complications 166
offspring obesity 168
pregnancy complications 164
serum alphafetoprotein 180
vasculopathy 179
Maturity onset diabetes of young (MODY) 18
McRoberts maneuver 186
Caloric
allotment 58
distribution 58
intake 60
carbohydrate intake 58
continuation 59
glycemic
control 61
monitoring goals 61
insulin therapy 61
planning and execution 58
practical limitations 57
primary goal 59
definition of 212
diet therapy 229
dietary precautions 230
effects 222f
gestational diabetes mellitus 217
hyperglycemia associated 225
hypoglycemic agents 230
impact on pregnancy 225
in early pregnancy 218t
insulin resistance 212
lifestyle changes 228
management of 227
micronutrients 230
insulin resistance 215
preconception counselling 227
pregnancy care 228
Metagestational diabetes 56
Micronutrient deficiencies 114
Millennium development goals 6
Miscarriage 177
Mothers After Gestational Diabetes in Australia Diabetes Prevention Program (MAGDA-DPP) 252
Multiple daily injections (MDI) 86
N
Neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) 81
Nitrosamines 21
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 168
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) 1
Norepinephrine 15
Nuchal translucency (NT) 181
O
Obesogenic maternal microbiome 58
Obstructed labor 4
Oral
antihyperglycemic agents (OHA) 198
glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 80
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 67
biguanides 67
congenital anomalies 69
crossing placenta 68
diabetes 73
dipeptidyl peptidase 4
inhibitors 67
during lactation 74
early use of 68
efficacy glyburide 69
gestational diabetes mellitus 73
glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists 67
long term outcomes 72
mechanisms of action 67
miglitol 67
safety glyburide 69
sulfonylureas 67
transfer into breast milk 74
voglibose 68
Organogenesis 83
P
Pancreatic beta cells 152
Perinatal asphyxia 141
Phenytoin 202
Phosphoionositol-3 kinase 214
Placental hormones, functions 12t
Plasma prolactin 13
Pneumonia 142
Polyuria 177
Ponderal index 70
Postnatal care 188
breastfeeding 188
contraception 188
glucose homeostasis 144f
management of diabetes 188
Postoperative hemorrhage 26t
Postpartum
at community health centers 258
at district hospitals 258
at primary centers 257
at subcenters 257
diabetes 189
thyroiditis 208
screening test 254
Postprandial glucose excursions 82
Pregnancy complications 43t
Premature delivery 78
Previous caesarean section 186
Propylthiouracil (PTU) 207
Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors 185
Psychosocial aspects
antenatal phase 118
glycemic control 122
history taking 121
impact on health 120
management 121
medical nutrition therapy 122
postpartum phase 119
preconception counseling 121
psychosocial concerns 118t
Pyelonephritis 150
S
Serum
human chorionic gonadotropin 201
low-density lipoprotein 214
total cholesterol 214
triglycerides 214
Sex hormone-binding globulin 15
Sleeve gastrectomy 112
Solitary toxic nodule 206
Subdermal implants 266
Sulphonylureas 73
Surrogate markers 168
T
T cells 159
T regulatory cells 158
Terbutaline 87
Thiamine 114
Threonine 85
Threshold plasma glucose (PG) 33
Thyroglobulin antibodies 203
Thyrotrophs 13
Tocolytic therapy 87
Tolbutamide 68
Transdermal contraceptive patches 113
Transient tachypnea of newborn 147
Transthyretin 14
Tripod trial 253