A
AAO-HNS formula 302
Abscess formation 225
Acellular keratin debris 179
Acoustic and ossicular coupling to hearing reconstruction 44
Acoustic neuroma 21
Acousticofacial primordium 617
Acoustic reflexes 27
Acoustic stimulation 569
Acute mastoiditis 221
Acute neural injury 669
Acute otitis media (AOM) 219
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) 603
Adenoid cystic carcinoma 131
Adjunctive reanimation procedures 427
Advanced combination encoder 557
Afferent sensory fibers 627
Ageotropic nystagmus 507
Alexander’s law 71
Aloe vera 125
Alport’s syndrome 254
American Academy of Audiology (AAA) 19
American Medical Association 302
American National Standards Institute 21
American Occupational Medicine
Association (AOMA) Committee 286
American-Speech-Language-Hearing
Association (ASHA) 19
Amplitude of a vibration 38
Amplitude of the wave 39
Anatomy and physiology of the auditory system 1
auditory cortex 16
external auditory canal 2
inner ear 10
internal auditory canal 13
middle ear 4
pinna (auricle) 1
tympanic membrane 3
Anatomy and physiology of the facial nerve 617
central neuronal pathways 618
cerebellopontine angle 621
facial nucleus and brainstem 620
nervus intermedius 620
supranuclear pathways 618
embryology 617
extratemporal development 617
intratemporal development 617
postnatal development 618
facial nerve physiology 624
anatomic considerations 624
classification of facial nerve degeneration 624
intratemporal nerve pathways 621
internal auditory canal 621
labyrinthine segment 621
peripheral facial nerve
anatomy 623
tympanic segment 622
vertical, descending, or
mastoid segment 622
Anatomy of the facial nerve 667f
Anatomy of the pinna 119f
Angular vestibulo-ocular reflex 60
Annular rim 43
Anterior canal wall 206
Anterior malleolar ligament 4
Anterior pinna 1
Anterior tympanic artery 4
Anteroinferior canal 3
Antibiotic therapy 220
Anticompensatory eye movement 67
Apical petrositis 113
Apoptotic cascade 596
Arachnoid villi 653
Areolar layer 1
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) 444
Asymmetric brow ptosis repair 687
Asymmetric loudness 541
Asymptomatic fistulas 650
Asymptotic hearing loss 289
Audiology threshold 655
Audiometric selection criteria 548
Audiometric testing 562
Audiovestibular and facial nerve testing 420
audiometry 420
electroneuronography 421
vestibular testing 421
Auditory brainstem implants 573
device 576
expanded applications for the ABI 577
patient selection 574
results 577
surgical technique and anatomy of the cochlear nucleus 574
Auditory brainstem response testing 421
Auditory brainstem tests 19
Auditory cortex 16
Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) 20
Auditory hallucinations 379
Auditory nerve 557
Auditory skills 534
Auditory steady-state response testing 421
Auditory tube 88
Aural rehabilitation and hearing aids 529
amplification in rehabilitation 535
ALDs/Bluetooth options 538
CROS/BiCROS hearing aids 538
hearing aids 535
auditory training 533
communication training 534
counseling patients with hearing loss 531
evaluation 538
fitting 539
follow-up/problems 540
formulating an audiologic rehabilitation plan 529
goals of communication therapy 532
tinnitus management 540
utilization of vision 532
Auricular artery 3
Auspitz sign 128
Autogenous donor graft 675
Autoimmune hearing loss 582
Avascular plane 208
Axonotmesis 628
B
Bacterial meningitis 225
Bacterial toxins 581
Balance rehabilitation 487t
Balance system 480
Baroreceptors 85
Barotrauma 581
Basal cell carcinomas 107
Basic concepts in mechanics of hearing 40
Basic concepts in vibration 37
Basilar membrane 11
Basilar skull fractures 346
Basisphenoid bone 83
Battle’s sign 346
Beaver Dam study 318
Behavioral modification 488
Bell’s phenomenon 671
clinical findings 506
evaluation 507
additional studies 507
pathogenesis 506
prognosis 510
treatment 507
medical 507
surgical 509
Bezold’s abscess 221
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS) 573
Bill’s bar 628
Blair incision 680
Blockage of axoplasmic flow 624
Blood vessels 583
Blue mountain study 318
Bluetooth technology 535
Bondy operation 190
Bone-anchored hearing systems (BAHS) 569
Bone conduction thresholds 561
Bone wax 94
Bony canal wall 206
Bony cartilaginous junction 2
Bony internal auditory canal 664
Bony labyrinth 63
Bouton fibers 65
Bovie electrocautery 208
Brain abscesses 228
Brain fungus 459
Brain hernia 459
Brain parenchyma 228
Brain prolapse 459
Brainstem 65
Brainstem auditory evoked response 31
Brainstem compression 363
Brainstem evoked response 31
Branchio-oto-renal syndrome 254
Brisk venous bleeding 195
Brown’s sign 152
Brow ptosis 687
Brow skin 687
Buccal branch 619f
Buccal nerve branches 681
Bundles of axons 668
C
Cahart’s notch 234f
Calculating hearing impairment 301
Caloric nystagmus 69
Caloric testing 33
Calyceal afferent nerve fibers 65
Calyceal fibers 65
Canal of Cotugno 13
Canal of Huguier 4
Canal wall 191
Canthal ligaments 691
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 379
Cardiovascular health 269
Carhart-Jerger method 19
Carhart-Jerger procedure 21
Caroticotympanic nerves 4
Carotid angiography 352
Carotid artery dissection 143
Cartilage graft 208
Cartilage overlay over prosthesis 52
Cartilaginous canal 3
Cartilaginous eustachian tube 89
Cartilaginous fracture 91
Cartilaginous skeleton 88
Catenary lever 10
Cauda helicis 1
Cavity reconstruction 191
Cell damage 585
Cellular anatomy of the peripheral vestibular sensory system 57
Cellular criteria 152
Centers for Disease Control 20
Central and peripheral zones 63
Central vertigo 517
cerebellar ataxia syndromes 524
autosomal dominant ataxias 524
autosomal recessive ataxias 524
cervical vertigo 525
clinical evaluation of the dizzy patient 517
migraine-associated vertigo 518
multiple sclerosis 525
tumors 526
vascular of vertigo 521
cerebellar stroke 524
dorsolateral pontine syndrome 524
lateral medullary syndrome 523
patterns of vascular disruption 523
Cerebellar artery 12
Cerebellar peduncles 574
Cerebral hernia 459
Cerebral plasticity 670
Ceruminous adenocarcinoma 132
Ceruminous adenoma 131
Cervical branch 619f
Cervical platysma 687
Cervical spinal injuries 352
Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials 511
Changes in prosthesis or ossicular mass 49
Changes in the TM stiffness and mass 48
Changing the prosthesis tension 49
Characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes 248t
Chemodectomas 651
Chemoreceptors 85
laboratory, otologic, and neurotologic testing 182
pathogenesis 180
prognosis 192
complications of surgery 194
complications of the disease 195
recurrent and residual disease 192
results of surgery 192
radiologic imaging 182
symptoms and signs 181
diagnosis 181
treatment 183
atticotomy 185
CWD mastoidectomy 189
CWU mastoidectomy 187
tympanoplasty 183
Chondrosarcoma 168
Chorda tympani 3
Chorda tympani injury 566
Chronic orbital sequelae 687
Chronic rhinosinusitis 88
Cilia deflection 10
Ciliary neurotrophic factor 602
Cisplatin ototoxicity 597
Clinical relevance of damping 53
Clinical relevance of high- and lowfrequency middle ear function 47
Clinicopathologic classification of nerve injury 624
Coalescent otomastoiditis 109
Cochlea 102
Cochlear anatomy 356
Cochlear artery 12
Cochlear damage 270
Cochlear dehiscence 499
otologic and neurotologic testing 500
pathogenesis 499
prognosis 500
radiographic imaging 500
symptoms and signs 500
treatment 500
Cochlear duct 342
Cochlear fistulae 198
Cochlear implants 557
candidacy assessment and patient selection 561
audiologic assessment 561
medical evaluation 562
patient counseling and expectations 563
radiologic evaluation 563
cochlear implant technology 557
hardware 559
software technology 557
emerging and unique populations 568
candidacy and outcomes in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder 568
patients with low-frequency residual hearing 569
patients with single-sided deafness 569
outcomes following cochlear implantation 566
outcomes in children under 1 year of age 567
outcomes in elderly patients 568
surgical considerations 563
complications 566
surgical procedure for patients with normal cochlear anatomy 563
Cochlear nerve 14
Cochlear neurons 13
Cochlear nucleus complex 573
Cochlear ramus artery 12
Cochlear status 32
Cochleo-saccular hydrops 71
Cochleosacculotomy 342
Cochleovestibular abnormalities 565
Cochleovestibular anatomy 566
Cochleovestibular injury 349
Cochleovestibular nerve complex 620
Cochleovestibular nerves 621
Code of Ethics 20
Cofactors associated with occupational hairing loss 295
aspirin 295
industrial solvents 295
nonoccupational noise exposure 295
smoking 295
Cogan’s syndrome 259
Combination therapy 89
Compensation Act 302
Complex sound processing 558
Complication of suppurative otitis media 225
Complications of temporal bone infection 219
brain abscess 228
extradural/epidural abscess 224
facial paralysis 223
labyrinthitis 223
mastoiditis 219
otitic hydrocephalus 227
otitic meningitis 225
otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis 225
petrous apicitis 221
subdural empyema 228
subperiosteal and Bezold’s abscess 221
Compound action potential (CAP) 351
Concept of perceptual pitch 579
Conchal bowl 1
Conchomeatal skin flap 192
Concomitant otologic diseases 505
Conductive hearing loss 355
Congenital anomalies of the external ear 121
atresia and stenosis of the EAC 122
clinical findings 122
evaluation 123
treatment 123
first branchial cleft anomalies 123
clinical findings 123
pathogenesis 123
treatment 124
microtia 121
clinical findings 121
treatment 122
pathogenesis 121
protruding ears 122
clinical findings 122
complications 122
treatment 122
Congestive heart failure 568
Contraindications for stapedectomy 237t
Contralateral nostril 88
Contralateral obliques 67
Contralateral oculomotor nuclei 68f
Contralateral-routing-of-signals (CROS) hearing aid system 538
Contralateral routing of sound (CROS) 569
Contralateral vestibular labyrinth 58
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) 351
Conventional hearing aids 545
Cortical adaptation 670
Cortical innervation 619
Cortical plasticity 670
Corticobulbar tract 619f
Cowden’s syndrome 422
Cranial nerve substitutions 680
Cranial neuritis 113
Cranial venous drainage system 319
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 202
Cross-facial interposition grafting 680
Crus helicis 1
CT angiogram (CTA) 100
CT venogram (CTV) 100
Cutaneous sensory 621
Cyberknife 396
Cymba concha 204
D
Damping 53
Definitive Meniere’s disease 333t
Deformities of the toes 482
Degenerated nerve fibers 351
De la Cruz classification 446
Delayed extubation 568
Dermatologic diseases of the external ear 128
atopic dermatitis 128
clinical findings 128
differential diagnosis 128
general considerations 128
pathogenesis 128
treatment 128
contact dermatitis 129
clinical findings 129
general considerations 129
pathogenesis 129
treatment 129
glandular tumors of the EAC 131
classification 131
clinical findings 132
treatment 132
osteomas and exostoses of the EAC 132
clinical findings 132
general considerations 132
treatment 132
psoriasis 128
clinical findings 128
general considerations 128
pathogenesis 128
treatment 128
Diagnosis of petrous or petrositis 222
Diamond burrs 381
Digastric muscle transfer 685
Direct brow lift 687
Direct inner ear injection 599
Diseases of the external ear 119
anatomy 119
innervation 119
lymphatic drainage 120
morphology 119
skin 119
vascular supply 120
embryology 120
physiology 120
Dix-Hallpike position 69
Dix–Hallpike procedure 507
Dizziness handicap inventory scores 512
Dural sinuses 421
Dynamic muscle transfer 683
E
EAC stenosis and atresia 104
Eardrum and the manubrium 51
Ectropion repair 691
Efferent neurons 65
Elastic energy 38
Electroacoustic stimulation (EAS) 569
Electrocochleography (ECochG) 32
Electrode array 560
Electrogustometry 630
Electroneuronography (ENoG) 630
Employees Compensation Act 302
Encephalocele 459
Encephalocele and CSF leak 459
conservative measures 468
CSF diversion 468
lumbar drain 468
ventriculoperitoneal shunt 468
histology 467
laboratory, otologic, and neurotologic testing 463
beta-2 transferrin 463
beta-trace protein 464
glucose 464
otologic, audiometric, and immittance testing 464
materials for skull base reconstruction 473
hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) 473
pathogenesis 460
congenital 461
iatrogenic 460
infectious/cholesteatoma 460
neoplastic 460
spontaneous 461
traumatic 461
prognosis 475
radiologic imaging 464
computed tomography (CT) 464
CT cisternography 466
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 465
MRI/MR cisternography 466
surgical approaches 468
hybrid approaches 471
middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach 469
middle ear obliteration (MEO) 472
repair of congenital CSF leak 473
transmastoid approach 468
symptoms and signs 462
treatment/prognosis 467
medical 467
surgical 467
Endaural incisions 184
Endolymph viscosity 64
Endolymph volumes 586
Endoneurial tubules 668
Enlarged vestibular aqueduct 15
Epidermoid tumors 426
Epidural abscess 224
Epidural hematoma 379
Epitympanic diaphragm 184
Epitympanic space 187
Epitympanic spaces of von Troeltsch 181
Erb’s point 676
Esteem hearing implant 549
Etiology of hydrops 331
anatomy and physiology 83
clearance of the middle ear 85
dilation and closure 84
dysfunction 86
pathogenesis 86
signs 87
symptoms 87
general physiological aspects 84
middle ear gas exchange 85
patulous eustachian tube dysfunction 92
etiology 92
medical treatment 94
overview 92
pathophysiology 92
surgical treatment 94
peritubal muscles and their
function 83
prognosis 91
protection of the middle ear 85
radiologic imaging 89
treatment 89
medical 89
surgical 89
Eustachian tube disorders 89
Eustachian tuboplasty 90
Evaluation for hearing instrument 538
Evaluation of auditory function 19
clinical audiologic procedures 21
acoustic reflexes 27
air and bone conduction 21
auditory brainstem responses 31
electrocochleography 32
immittance 24
otoacoustic emissions 29
speech testing 22
video nystagmography 33
demographics of hearing loss 20
future of audiology 33
scope of practice 20
Evaluation of vestibular disorders 75
audiometric-based tests 79
electrocochleography 81
vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials 79
posture and gait test 79
functional gait tests 79
posturography 79
vestibular function 75
VOR tests 76
head impulse test 79
videonystagmography 76
Ewald’s First Law 67
Exostoses 106
External auditory canal wall 565
External auditory meatus 350
External canal resonance 41
External ear canal 41
External ear trauma 124
auricular burns 125
clinical findings 125
general considerations 125
treatment 125
auricular frostbite 124
clinical findings 124
pathogenesis 124
treatment 125
auricular hematoma 124
clinical findings 124
pathogenesis 124
treatment 124
auricular lacerations 124
Extraocular muscle 66
Extratemporal facial nerve 353
Extratemporal facial nerve branches 618
Extratemporal facial nerve trunk 677
Extrinsic facial nerve tumors 649
Eyelid weight implantation 673
F
Facial canal 619f
Facial hypertonicity 663
Facial kinetics 678
Facial musculature 628
Facial nerve anatomy 629f
Facial nerve canal 111
Facial nerve development 619t
Facial nerve hemangioma 656f
Facial nerve meningiomas 653
benign and malignant neoplasms 641
bilateral facial paralysis 641
causes 635t
clinical findings 637
Bell’s palsy 637
grading facial function 637
congenital disorders 642
hemifacial microsomia 642
Möbius syndrome 642
osteopetrosis 642
evaluation 642
audiometric testing 643
electrodiagnostic testing 642
imaging studies 643
laboratory and miscellaneous
testing 643
infection 640
bacterial 640
chronic otitis media 640
Lyme disease 641
malignant otitis externa 640
pathogenesis 636
prognosis 646
recurrent facial paralysis 641
trauma 639
birth injuries 639
blunt head trauma 639
iatrogenic injuries 640
penetrating injuries 640
treatment 644
medical treatment 644
surgical treatment 645
aberrant facial nerve regeneration 695
anatomy of the facial muscles 696
botulinum toxin for selective
chemodenervation and
ancillary procedures 697
facial synkinesis 697
physical therapy and
rehabilitation 702
treatment of the contralateral
face 700
evaluation 664
explaining the course of recovery 670
neurologic injury of the facial nerve 667
surgical anatomy of the extratemporal facial nerve 666
surgical planning 670
techniques 671
combined CFNG and masseter
nerve or hypoglossal nerve
substitution 682
cranial nerve substitution 677
direct facial muscle
neurotization 682
eyelid weight implant
insertion 673
interposition grafting 675
mobilization of the mastoid segment 676
neuromuscular transfers 683
neurorrhaphy 674
orbital management 671
static reanimation and
ancillary procedures 686
Facial nerve sheath 624
Facial nerve stimulating probe 381
Facial nerve testing 627
diffusion tensor tractography
imaging 633
electrophysiologic testing 630
facial nerve development and
anatomy 627
facial nerve physiology 628
facial nerve testing 628
intraoperative facial nerve
monitoring 632
topographic testing 629
clinical findings 654
extratemporal 653
intracranial tumors 653
parotid tumors 653
extrinsic lesions 651
intratemporal 651
neurotologic testing 654
pathophysiology 649
neoplasms intrinsic to the
facial nerve 649
prognosis 660
radiologic evaluation 655
treatment 657
Facial recess 4
Fallopian bridge approach 155
Fallopian canal erosion 182
Federal Employees Compensation Laws 302
Fenestra vestibulae 4
Fibroelastic cartilage 1
Fibrous band 1
Fibrous layer 206
Fine structure processing (FSP) 557
Finite phase velocity 38
Fisch-Mattox classification 446
Fishmouth technique 680
Fissures of Santorini 3
Flaccid facial paralysis 664
Flaccid muscles 702
Flaccid paralysis 663
Fluid and middle ear ventilation 50
Fogarty catheter embolectomy 227
Foley catheter 144
Foramen of Huschke 3
Foramen of Luschka 575f
Fossa incudis 564
Fossa of Rosenmüller 88
FOT type reconstruction 52
Fractions of a period 39
Free-floating otoconia 69
Frey’s syndrome 8
Frontal branch facial nerve paralysis 687
Frontal lobe 619
Frontal motor cortex 627
Fulminant cochleovestibular injury 350
Fungus cerebri 459
G
Gadolinium 101
Galal relaxing incisions 145
Galea aponeurosis 691
Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) 425
Ganglion cells 581
Gardner-Robertson classification 373
Gastric reflux 197
Gastrointestinal tract 652
Gelatinous matrix 59
Geniculate ganglion 617
Geotropic torsional nystagmus 69
Germline mutations 151
Glomus jugulare 152
Glomus tumors 244
Glomus tympanicum 110
Glomus tympanicum tumor 245
Goblet cells 83
Golgi complexes 583
Golgi tendon organs 478
Gore-Tex facial slings 687
Gore-Tex slings 663
Gorlin’s syndrome 422
Gradual hearing loss with early onset 288
Granular cell tumors 650
Granular cheilitis 641
Granulation tissue 225
Greater petrosal foramen 620f
Greater petrosal nerve 620f
Greenfield filter 144
Ground electrode 632f
Guillain-Barré syndrome 641
Guinea pig 587
H
Hair cell (HC) ultrastructure 62f
Hair cells 10
Hair follicles 3
Hallpike testing 484
Head trauma 271
Hearing aid technology 535
Hearing classification 373
Hearing protectors 296
Helix major 1
Helix minor 1
Hematological malignancies 172
Hemovac drain 679
Herpes zoster oticus 112
High-riding and dehiscent jugular bulb 108
Hilger facial nerve stimulator 351
Histopathology of noise-induced
hearing loss 293
History of noise exposure 269
Hochmair-Schulz-Moser sentence test 569
Holotympanic cholesteatomas 182
Homeostatic microenvironment 62
Homografts 202
Horizontal canal cupulolithiasis 507
Horizontal canal plane 58
Horizontal mattress suture 675f
Horizontal nystagmus 350
House-Brackmann (HB) grade I 353
Human cochlear duct 586
Hyaluronic acid 600
Hyaluronic acid gel 185
Hydraulic lever effect 201
Hydraulic lever reconstructions 53
Hydrogels and polymers 599
Hyperkinetic paralysis 664
Hypofractionated treatment delivery 397
Hypoglossal jump graft 680
Hypoglossal split nerve 679
Hyrtl’s fissure 9
I
Idiopathic facial paralysis 631
Impedance phase 39
Implantable middle ear devices 545
esteem hearing implant 549
middle ear transducer (MET) 547
vibrant soundbridge 545
Incomplete reinnervation 663
Incudostapedial joint 3
Incus bar 564
Indifferent electrode 632f
Infectious diseases of the external ear 125
necrotizing otitis externa 126
clinical findings 127
differential diagnosis 127
general considerations 126
pathogenesis 126
treatment 127
otitis externa 125
clinical findings 125
general considerations 125
pathogenesis 125
treatment 125
otomycosis 126
clinical findings 126
general considerations 126
pathogenesis 126
treatment 126
Inferior eyelid malposition 687
Inferior tympanic artery 9
Infratemporal fossa 449
Inner ear 43
Inner ear anatomy 563
Inner ear fluid masses 44
Inner ear molecular therapies 581
anatomy and physiology of the round window membrane 582
anti-inflammatory drugs 597
basic concepts in inner ear damage 584
gene therapy 603
gene therapy vectors 603
RNA therapies 604
stem cell therapies 605
gentamicin in inner ear therapy 592
antioxidants 596
clinical use of gentamicin 594
otoprotection 596
inner ear drug delivery methods 598
depot injections 599
injections or bolus administrations 599
ionic inner ear mechanisms 585
neurotrophins (NTS) 598
oval window permeability 584
permeability of the RWM 584
pharmacokinetics 586
regenerative and gene therapies 601
cell cycle regulation 601
role of cell death and cell replacement 602
neurotrophins 602
small molecule regulation 603
steroids in inner ear therapy 588
clinical usage of steroids 590
pharmacokinetics of steroids 588
Inner ear tissues 582
Interfaces between vibrating structures 50
Intermittent tubal dilation 84
Internal auditory artery 14
Internal auditory canal (IAC) fundus 10
Internal auditory meatus 622
Internal carotid artery 3
Internal jugular vein ligation 227
Internal maxillary artery 3
International classification of
functioning 301
Interossicular fold 8
Interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) 60
Intra-axial lesions 431
choroid plexus papillomas and
ependymomas 432
gliomas 431
hemangioblastomas 432
medulloblastomas 431
Intracanalicular component 362
Intracanalicular tumors 372
Intracranial cerebellopontine angle 664
Intracranial complications 228
Intracranial injury 349
Intracranial pressure (ICP) gradients 459
Intracranial vascular complications 380
Intramembranous ossification 136
Intraparenchymal abscess 228
Intrapetrous carotid artery 152
Intratemporal facial nerve 352
Intrathecal dye methods 351
Intravenous catheter 94
Ipsilateral
abducens 68f
ear 356
head 71
horizontal canal 68
medial rectus muscle 507
nostril 88
proximity 678
reflex 7
vestibular nucleus 68f
Irregular afferents 65
J
Jehovah’s Witness 141
Jerger classifications 27
Jervell-Lange-Nielson’s syndrome 254
Jugular bulb in ear disease 435
developmental and structural abnormalities 436
clinical manifestations 437
diagnostic studies 437
treatment 438
Jugular foramen pathology 442
Jugular foramen schwannomas 448
clinical manifestations and growth
patterns 449
diagnostic studies 449
pathology 449
stereotactic radiotherapy 452
treatment options 449
surgery 451
Jugular fossa 10
Jugular paragangliomas 444
Jugular venous system 145
Jugular wall 4
Jugulo-carotid spine 160
K
Kartagener’s syndrome 88
Kawase’s triangle 425
Keith needle 695
Keratosis obturans 106
Kimura’s guinea pig model 331
Kinetic energy 38
Klippel Feil syndrome 15
Koebner phenomenon 128
Korner septum 187
Krauss prosthesis 212
Krebs cycle 152
L
Labii superioris alaeque nasi 702
Labyrinthectomy 342
clinical findings 513
evaluation 514
radiographic tests 514
pathogenesis 513
prognosis 514
treatment 514
medical 514
Lagophthalmos 673
Lamellar bone 231
Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 653
Lateral cartilaginous lamina 88
Lateral epitympanic space 181
Lateral incudal fold 7
Lateral malleolar fold 7
Lateral semicircular canal 13
Lateral sinus thrombosis 226
Lateral skull base 460
Lateral tarsal strip fixation 691
Lateral tarsal strip procedure 691
Latissimus dorsi muscle 671
Leksell gamma knife 396
Lentivirus 603
Lermoyez syndrome 334
Leukotriene inhibitors 89
Levator anguli oris 667
Levator veli palatini (LVP) 83
Limbus vessels 12
Limitations of the audiogram 289
causes of the 4000-Hz dip 289
acoustic neuroma 290
hereditary (genetic) hearing loss 290
multiple sclerosis 291
ototoxicity 290
skull trauma 289
sudden hearing loss 290
Linear accelerator systems 396
Lipreading 532
Longitudinally split segment 679
Longitudinal study 318
Longshore and harbor workers 302
Lotrisone lotion 199
Lower eyelid spacer graft 691
Lower facial suspension and static slings 694
Lumbar-peritoneal 378
Lumen of the basal turn 565
Lymphatic vessels 583
Lymphoid hyperplasia 88
M
Macula 59
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(MRS) 423
Magnetic resonance venography 154f
Malignant tumors of the temporal bone 135
evaluation 138
histology 139
pathogenesis 135
prognosis 145
surgical techniques 142
partial temporal bone
resection 142
symptoms and signs 136
total temporal bone resection 143
treatment 139
Malingerer’s true thresholds 296
Mammalian inner ear hair cells 581
Mandibular branch 619f
Marginal vessels 12
Masseter muscle transposition flaps 683
Masseter nerve substitution 680
Mass-spring system 38
Mastoid air cell system 219
Mastoid antrum 10
Mastoidectomies 41
Mastoid emissary vein 226
Mastoid nodes 3
Mastoid tip 548
Mattress sutures 673
Maximal stimulation testing (MST) 630
Measured phase 48
Mechanical vibrations 38
Mechanoelectrical transduction (MET)
channels 61
Mechanoelectric transduction, vestibular
afferent organization 57
MED-EL device 557
Medial cartilaginous lamina 88
Medial incudal fold 7
Medial modiolar wall 565
Medial vestibular nucleus 60
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome 641
Membranous labyrinth 342
acute management 336
chronic management 336
aminoglycoside ablation 338
complementary and alternative
medicines 340
devices 340
lifestyle adjustment, avoidance of
triggers 336
pharmacologic therapy 338
rehabilitation therapy 340
salt restriction 337
steroids 339
clinical findings 333
evaluation 334
genetics 331
histology 331
management 336
pathogenesis 331
prognosis 342
radiology 335
surgical management 341
destructive surgery 342
nondestructive surgery 341
Meniere’s syndrome 236
clinical manifestations and growth
patterns 452
diagnostic studies 452
gross pathology 424
imaging 422
microscopic histopathology 424
pathogenesis 421
pathology 452
treatment 424
treatment options 454
Meningitis 392
Meningoencephalocele 459
Meningogenic labyrinthitis 513
Mentalis muscles 667
Merkel’s disk 479
Metastasis of the temporal bone 173
Metastatic disease 652
MET carina devices 545f
MET ossicular stimulator 547
Michel anomaly 111
Microphone extrusion 549
Microphone technology 537
Middle cranial fossa approach 380
Middle ear 41
Middle ear pressure gain 37
Middle ear structures 37
Middle ear transmission 51
Midsagittal plane 58
Mid-upper lip ptosis 687
Migraines 484
Mild tinnitus 318
Minihypoglossal nerve transfer 680
Minimally invasive brow suspension 689
Mitek anchor suspension 663
Mitek anchor suture techniques 687
Möbius syndrome 642
Mohs surgical technique 130
Mondini’s malformations 15
Muckle-Wells’ disease 259
Muckle-Wells’ syndrome 255
Mucopolysaccharides 59
Multichannel cochlear implants (CIs) 557
Multifocal tumors 444
Muscle tension 478
Musical timber 534
Myriad connections 618
N
Nanoparticles 600
Nasal antihistamine 89
Nasogastric tube 144
Nasolabial folds 687
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) 269
Necrotizing external otitis (NEO) 105
Necrotizing otitis externa (NOE) 126
Neoplasms of the external ear and
ear canal 129
basal cell carcinoma of the auricle 129
clinical findings 129
differential diagnosis 129
general considerations 129
pathogenesis 129
staging 129
treatment 129
cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma 130
clinical findings 130
differential diagnosis 130
general considerations 130
pathogenesis 130
prevention 131
prognosis 131
staging 130
treatment 130
melanoma of the external ear 131
clinical findings 131
differential diagnosis 131
general considerations 131
prevention 131
staging 131
treatment 131
Nerve excitability test (NET) 350
Nerve graft procedure 680
Nerve growth factor (NGF) 598
Nerve to stapedius 619f
Nerve to stylohyoid 619f
Neural integrator 71
Neurofibromas 650
Neuromucocutaneous disease 641
Neuromuscular free-flap transfer 685
Neurophysiologic testing 157
Neurotransmitter glutamate 64
Neurotransmitters glycine 60
Neurovascular bundle 686
Neurovascular pedicle transfer 685
NF2-associated vestibular schwannomas 405
management 405
medical management 405
surgical management 405
Node of Ranvier 669
Noise exposure 285
Noise exposure history 291
Nonabsorbable suture 564
Nonorganic hearing loss 295
Nonotologic disorders and tinnitus 319
Non-squamous cell carcinoma tumors of the temporal bone 149
anatomy 149
chondrosarcoma 168
clinical presentation 169
diagnosis 169
pathology 169
treatment 170
differential diagnosis 149
endolymphatic sac and duct tumors 163
clinical manifestations 163
diagnosis 164
endolymphatic sac tumors 163
pathology 163
treatment 165
facial nerve schwannomas 157
clinical manifestations 157
diagnosis 157
pathology 157
treatment 158
geniculate ganglion
hemangiomas 161
clinical manifestations 161
diagnosis 161
pathology 161
treatment 162
jugular foramen schwannomas 159
clinical manifestations 160
diagnosis 160
pathology 159
treatment 160
meningiomas 165
anatomic patterns 166
clinical manifestations 166
diagnosis 167
pathology 166
treatment 167
paragangliomas 149
classification 155
clinical manifestations 152
diagnosis 152
pathology 152
treatment 155
rhabdomyosarcoma 170
clinical presentation 171
diagnosis 171
pathology 170
treatment 171
Normal mode frequency 39
Notch of Rivinus 5
Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH) 60
O
Occipitalis muscle 666
Occipital scalp 1
Occupational hearing loss 283
characteristics of OHL 286
audiometric features 286
federal regulation of OHL 284
development of a noise
standard 284
disability and impairment 286
Occupational Safety and
Health Act legislation 284
Occupational safety and health
administration (OSHA) guidelines 269
Octreotide scintigraphy 444
Ocular counter-roll (OCR) 60
Ocular tilt reaction 72
Oculomotor neuron 66
Oculomotor nucleus 60
Oligodendroglial cells 362
Ollier disease 139
Optokinetic system 66
Oral commissure 694
Oral commissure malposition 687
Oral steroids 590
Orbicularis oris 624
Oro-ocular synkinesis 700
Ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR) 199
Ossicular coupling 43
Ossicular coupling and acoustic
coupling 201
Ossicular fixation-fusion 110
Ossicular lever effect 201
Ossicular reconstruction 189
Osteoma 106
Ostmann’s fat pad 88
OTE style hearing aid 536
Otitic hydrocephalus 227
Otoconial mass 71
Otogenic cerebral abscesses 459
Otolithic membrane 64
Otolith organs 59
Otolith physiology 71
Otologic disorders 269
Otomycosis 126
clinical findings 233
signs 233
symptoms 233
evaluation 234
audiologic testing 234
histology 236
radiologic imaging 235
pathogenesis 231
etiology 233
histopathology 231
pathophysiology 232
treatment 236
medical management 236
surgical management 236
Otosclerotic fixation of the stapes 53
Otospongiosis 112
Ototoxic exposure 269
Ototoxicity 307
clinical findings 311
aminoglycosides 311
cisplatin 311
DFMO 311
imatinib 311
loop diuretics 311
macrolide antibiotics 311
salicylates 311
vicodin 311
vincristine/vinblastine 312
pathogenesis 307
mechanisms of aminoglycoside 308
mechanisms of cisplatin 308
mechanisms of DFMO 309
mechanisms of hydrocodone/
acetaminophen 310
mechanisms of loop
diuretic 309
mechanisms of macrolide 310
mechanisms of salicylate 308
vinka alkaloid mechanisms of
ototoxicity 310
prevention 312
Outer hair cells (OHCs) 10
Overlay technique 205
P
Paracusis of Willis 233
age at presentation, multifocality and
catecholamine secretion 441
clinical manifestations and growth
patterns 441
diagnostic studies 442
differential diagnosis 444
history 438
malignancy and occult
paragangliomas 441
molecular genetic screening 446
outcomes 448
complications 448
cranial nerve deficits 448
recurrence rates 448
pathogenesis 439
pathology 438
terminology 438
treatment 447
nonsurgical treatment 447
surgery 447
Paralytic ectropion 691
Parotid gland 679
Pars flaccida 3
Pars tensa 3
Pediatric eustachian tube 86
Pedicle muscle transfer 683
Perijugular skull base 449
Perilymph fluid withdrawal 600
Perilymph leakage 565
Perilymph volumes 586
Perineural spread 140
Peripheral end organs 60
Peripheral nerve injury and regeneration 668
Peripheral vertigo 505
Peripheral vestibular disorder 33
Persistent stapedial artery 108
Petroclival synchondrosis 651
Petrotympanic (Glaserian) fissure 4
Petrous and squamous bones 4
Petrous apex 152
Petrous apex of the temporal bone 221
Petrous versus nonpetrous 346
Pharyngeal recess 88
Pharyngotympanic tube 84
Phase velocity 38
Phrenic nerves 677
Physical therapy techniques 678
Physical trauma 581
Physiologic artifact 655
Piezoelectric actuator 549
Pinna and mastoid scalp area 1
Pitanguy’s line 667
Pitch pattern 579
Pittsburgh Grading System 139
Placebo-controlled studies 331
Pontine facial nerve nucleus 669
Pontomedullary junction 627
Pöschl and Stenvers reconstructions 112
Positive lymph nodes 140
Possible Meniere’s disease 333t
Postauricular artery 3
Postauricular skin grafting 122
Postauricular soft tissues 226
Postauricular wound 204
Posterior cranial fossae 345
Posterior fossa 449
Posterior fossa encephaloceles 459
Posterior lamella of the lateral canthal
tendon 691
Posterior semicircular canal dehiscence 499
otologic and neurotologic testing 499
pathogenesis 499
prognosis 499
radiologic imaging 499
symptoms and signs 499
treatment 499
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers 628
Post-traumatic functional deficits 346
Presbycusis 267
clinical evaluation 272
epidemiology 268
etiology 269
additional etiological factors 270
aging and oxidative injury 269
association with dementia 271
hereditary factors 270
impact of presbycusis 271
noise 269
psychosocial impact 271
public health impact 272
management 277
auditory assistive devices 277
cochlear implants 278
environmental optimization 277
hearing aids 278
pathophysiology 272
prevention 277
Presbystasis and balance in the elderly 477
balance system 478
diagnosis of presbystasis 484
effects of aging on the
balance system 479
central nervous system changes
associated with age 482
effect of age on the somatosensory
system 481
effect of age on the vestibular
system 480
effect of age on the visual
system 482
efferent changes associated with
aging 483
extrinsic factors influencing
dizziness and falls 483
general changes in balance
associated with aging 480
examination 485
history 485
treatment 487
Pressure gain at the OW (PGOW) 45
Pressure gain transformer 42
Prevention of noise-induced hearing loss 283
Primary cholesteatomas 621
Primordial inner ear 617
Progression of hearing loss 261
Proprioception 478
Prosthesis slippage 203
Prothesis to malleus 52
Proton beam radiation 137
Pseudomonas 584
Psychogenic hearing loss 295
Psychosocial stigma 545
Pterygoid canal 628
Pterygoid plate 83
Pterygopalatine fissure 155
Pterygopalatine fossa 628
Pure tone average (PTA) 22
Purulent otorrhea 138
Push-pull system 67
R
Radioisotope dye instillation 351
Radioisotope studies 355
Radiology of the temporal bone 99
imaging techniques 99
computed tomography 100
magnetic resonance imaging 100
plain radiography 99
normal imaging anatomy 102
axial plane 102
coronal plane 102
general concepts 102
MRI 104
pathologies of the facial nerve 114
hemangioma 115
infection 115
neoplasm 115
pathologies of the inner ear 110
congenital anomalies 110
infectious/inflammatory
lesions 111
neoplasm 113
otospongiosis 112
SSCC dehiscence 112
pathology of the middle ear 107
congenital lesions 108
infection 109
inflammatory lesions 109
neoplasm 110
osseous lesions 110
vascular anomalies 107
pathology of the outer ear 104
congenital anomalies 104
infection 105
inflammatory lesions 106
neoplasm 107
osseous lesions 106
pathology of the petrous apex 113
infection 113
inflammatory lesions 114
neoplasms 114
petrous apex cephalocele 114
trauma 116
fractures 116
ossicular dislocation 116
Rasmussen’s bundle 13
Raynaud’s disease 93
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) 585
Recording electrode 632f
Recurrent otitis media 247
Reflex activating stimulus (RAS) 27
Reflux disease 88
Region of the stylomastoid foramen 627
Resonance frequency 38
Respiratory infections 88
Retinal slip velocities 67
Retroauricular region 548
Retrocochlear lesion 29
Retrocochlear pathology 421
Retrofenestral otospongiosis 112
Retrograde jugular venography 138
Retrograde mastoidectomy 190
Retrolabyrinthine 342
Retrolabyrinthine transdural approach
(RLTD) 165
Retrospective questionnaire study 547
Revised Speech Perception in Noise test 23
Rhabdomyosarcoma 168
Rinne and Weber tests 234
Risorius muscle 696f
Robinow syndrome 121
Rosenthal’s canal 588
Rosetti Infant-Toddler Language
Scale (RI-TLS) 567
Round window membrane (RWM) 582
Ruffini’s endings 478
RW protection with OW access 45
S
Sacculocollic reflex 71
Salvage therapy 591
Samter’s triad 86
Saphenous vein 676
Scala media endolymph 585
Scala tympani of the cochlea 4
Scala vestibuli of the cochlea 58
Scarpa’s ganglion 60
Scarpa’s ganglion neurons 233
Scar tissue 53
Schirmer's test 665t
Schwannoma of the inner ear 113
Schwannomas of the facial nerve 115
Segment of bone 628
Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome 93
Sendai virus 603
clinical findings 259
evaluation for audiometric testing 259
evaluation for SNHL 261
adult onset SSNHL, asymmetric and progressive SNHL 262
congenital sensorineural hearing
loss 261
histology 262
pathogenesis 253
prognosis 263
treatment 262
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) 557
Sequelae of a temporal bone fracture 352
Serous labyrinthitis 219
Severe trauma 352
Sex-linked nonsyndromic genes 253
SHOM type prosthesis 51
Shortest stereocilium 61
SHOT prosthesis 50
Shrapnell’s membrane 3f
Sigmoid sinus exposure 182
Silverstein clamp 143
Single-sided deafness (SSD) 569
Singular nerve 14
Sinodural angle 192
Sinuplasty balloon 90
Sinus thrombosis 227
Skew deviation 72
Skull base foramina 421
Sleeve resection 142
Slow-phase of nystagmus 69
Snail-like shape of the cochlea 103f
Snake eye appearance 102
Somatosensory system 478
Somatotopic primate studies 619
Sound fidelity 545
Speech awareness threshold (SAT) 22
Speech detection threshold (SDT) 22
Speech discrimination testing 561
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) 529
Speech reading 532
Speech spatial and qualities of hearing scale 569
Spheno-occipital synchondroses 651
Spheno-petrosal synchondroses 136
Spine of Henle 206
Spiral ganglion 270
Spiral ganglion cell 566
Spiral ganglion neurons 13
Spiral lamina 342
Spondee recognition threshold (SRT) 22
Squama of the temporal bone 566
Squamous cell 107
Squamous epithelium 426
Squamous metaplasia 179
SSCC dehiscence 112
Stapedial muscle 7
Stapedial reflex 7
Stapedio vestibular ligament 582
Stapedius muscle 7
Stereociliary deflection 67
Stereotactic radiotherapy 447
Stiffness and mass effects in the middle ear 48
Stiffness dominated system 48
Stiffness of the prosthesis 49
Storiform pattern 249f
Subacute neural injury 669
Subdural empyema 228
Subjective visual horizontal (SVH) 72
Sublingual gland 620f
Suboccipital approach 382
Suboccipital plate 382
Suborbicularis dissection 673
Suborbicularis oculi injections 673
Sunderland classification of
peripheral nerve injury 668t
Superficial musculoaponeurotic
system (SMAS) 667
Superficial petrosal nerve 620
Superficial temporal artery 1
Superficial temporalis fascia 1
Superior canal dehiscence syndrome 505
Superior eyelid malposition 687
Superior oblique muscle 506
Superior semicircular canal 13
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence 491
differential diagnosis 495
otologic and neurotologic testing 494
pathogenesis 491
prognosis 498
radiologic imaging 495
symptoms and signs 493
treatment 496
Superior semicircular canal (SSCC) 100
Supralabyrinthine cell tract 222
Sural nerve 685
Sural nerve graft 681
Surgical anatomy of the greater auricular nerve (GAN) 676f
Surgical removal of vestibular
schwannoma 375
Surgical trauma 581
Swan-Ganz catheter 144
Sweat glands 3
Sympathetic plexus 442
Symptomatic tumor 574
Symptoms of labyrinthitis 223
Synaptic vesicles 294
T
Tarsorrhaphy procedure 673
Technique of tympanoplasty 197
Tegmen erosion 182
Temperoparietal fascia 667
Temporal artery 1
Temporal bone fracture 664
Temporal bone infection 219
Temporal bone studies 52
Temporal bone trauma 345
laboratory, otologic, and neurotologic testing 350
audiogram 350
electrodiagnostic testing of
facial nerve 350
laboratory 351
radiologic imaging 351
vestibular testing 350
pathogenesis 345
symptoms and signs 346
treatment and prognosis 352
associated lower cranial nerve
injury 357
CSF leak 355
facial nerve injury 352
hearing loss 355
vestibular injury/dysfunction 356
Temporalis fascia 564
Temporalis muscle 683
Temporalis tendon transfer 684
Temporal scalp 1
Temporary tarsorrhaphy 675f
Tensa cholesteatomas 182
Thornwaldt cysts 86
Tinel’s sign 685
Tinnitus 317
GABA-ergic medications for tinnitus 323
acoustic therapy 326
counseling strategies 327
electrical stimulation 327
general health strategies 328
transcranial magnetic stimulation 325
incidence and prevalence 317
laboratory, otologic, and
neurotologic testing 320
medications for tinnitus 323
otologic disorders and tinnitus 319
somatic tinnitus and somatic
modulation 319
temporomandibular joint
disorders and tinnitus 320
tinnitus and comorbid conditions 320
typewriter tinnitus 320
pathogenesis 318
pathophysiology 322
prognosis 328
radiologic imaging 321
tinnitus duration 321
tinnitus severity 322
symptoms and signs 318
treatment 322
medical 322
surgical 322
Tinnitus evaluation 541
TM for tympanic membrane 37
TM–prosthesis interface 51
Tobey-Ayer test 226
Tongue atrophy 680
Topical anesthetic 673
Total hearing loss 573
Tractus solitarius 621f
Tragal reconstruction and soft tissue debulking 122
Transitional zone 62
Transmastoid labyrinthectomy 342
Traumatic facial nerve neuromas 650
Traumatic parenchymal injury 379
Traumatic scala tympani 564
Treatment of petrositis 222
Trigeminal neuralgiform 641
Trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) 584
Tubal valve 94
Tullio phenomenon 493
Tumors of the middle ear 243
adenomas 246
choristoma 250
glomus tumors 243
hemangiomas 247
rhabdomyosarcoma 248
teratoma and dermoid 249
Turbo spin echo (TSE) 101
Tympanic artery 3
Tympanic incisura 2
Tympanic membrane lever effect 201
Tympanic ring 2
Tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty 197
evaluation 197
normal anatomy and the healing process 199
ossiculoplasty 199
acoustic mechanics 200
prosthesis design 202
prosthesis development in
OCR 201
prosthesis extrusion 202
prosthesis mechanics 202
prosthesis slippage 203
surgical technique of ossiculoplasty 212
alloplasts 212
autografts 212
universal prosthesis 212
surgical technique of tympanoplasty 203
cartilage tympanoplasty 208
myringoplasty 203
tympanoplasty 204
Tympanosclerotic fixation of the ossicles 53
Tympanosclerotic plaques 204
Tympanostomy tube 220
U
Unilateral facial paralysis 157
Unilateral labyrinthine dysfunction 71
Unilateral labyrinthine function 65
Unmyelinated nerve fibers 274f
Urinary retention 568
Utricle 71
V
Vaccinia virus 603
Valsalva-evoked eye movements 494
Van Hippel-Lindau syndrome 113
Vanillylmandellic acid (VMA) 153
Vascular causes of tinnitus 319
Vascular mass 444
Vascular vasospasm 356
Vasomotor rhinitis 88
Venous congestion 379
Venous infarction 379
Ventral cochlear nucleus 575
Ventriculoperitoneal 378
Vernet syndrome 152
Vertical plane 1
Vertical Y-axis 687
Vestibular ablative procedures 484
Vestibular anatomy 33
Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential
(VEMP) thresholds 480
Vestibular function 356
Vestibular ganglion 362
Vestibular hair cells 59
Vestibular nerve 512
Vestibular neurectomy 342
clinical findings 511
evaluation 511
physical examination 511
physiologic tests 512
radiographic tests 512
pathogenesis 510
prognosis 512
treatment 512
medical 512
surgical 512
Vestibular nuclei 60
Vestibular nucleus 66
Vestibular nystagmography 562
Vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) 68f
Vestibular pathology 21
clinical manifestations 362
etiology and pathology 361
growth characteristics 362
incidence and epidemiology 361
management strategies 367
cost 368
failure rates of conservative
management 371
microsurgical resection 372
natural history of untreated
vestibular schwannomas 369
patient counseling 367
quality of life 369
radiation 395
special considerations 371
surgical outcomes 387
watchful waiting 369
rehabilitation 403
auditory rehabilitation 404
facial nerve deficit
management 403
workup 364
auditory and vestibular
studies 364
delayed diagnosis 367
imaging studies 366
NF2 testing 366
Vestibular schwannoma surgery 670
Vestibular structures 584
Vestibular symptoms 233
bony and membranous
labyrinth 57
otolith organs 59
semicircular canals 58
vestibular neuroanatomy 60
mechanoelectric transduction 63
otolith physiology 71
physiology 57
vestibular afferent organization 65
vestibular end organs 61
crista ampullaris 62
hair cells 61
macula 63
vestibulo-ocular reflex 66
Vestibular therapy 584
Vestibulocochlear dysplasia 110
Vestibulocochlear injury 350
Vestibulocochlear nerves 14
Viable facial nucleus 671
Vibrating eardrum 37
Vibrating ossicular prosthesis 546
Vibration velocity 39f
Vidian canal 628
Virtual channel (VC) technology 559
Visual analog scales 540
Visual communication 533t
Visual field 66
Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) 562
Voltage-gated calcium channels 64
Von Hippel-Lindau’s (VHL) disease 163
W
Wallerian degeneration 668
Wave amplitude 39
Weber test 10
Wegener’s disease 86
Werner’s syndrome 422
White blood cell (WBC) 220
White matter edema 423
Whitnall’s tubercle 691
Word recognition measures 22
Word recognition score (WRS) 22
Workers’ Compensation Law 302
Wound infections 392
Wrisberg’s nerve 620
Wullstein’s original classification
scheme 199
Wullstein’s tympanoplasty classification 44
Wullstein type III tympanoplasty 45