Sataloff’s Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery (Head and Neck Surgery) - Volume 5 Robert T Sataloff, Patrick J Gullane, David P Goldstein
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SATALOFF'S COMPREHENSIVE TEXTBOOK OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Series Editor: Robert T Sataloff md dma facs
HEAD AND NECK SURGERYfm2
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SATALOFF'S COMPREHENSIVE TEXTBOOK OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Series Editor: Robert T Sataloff md dma facs
HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Vol. 5
Volume Editors Patrick J Gullane MD FRCSC FACS Wharton Chair in Head and Neck Surgery Professor Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Professor of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada David P Goldstein MD MSC FRCSC FACS Assistant Professor Princess Margaret Cancer Center Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery: Head and Neck Surgery (Vol. 5)
First Edition: 2016
9789351524588
Printed at
fm5Dedication
I would like to dedicate this book to my loving wife, Dr Barbara Cruickshank; children Kira and John for their understanding and sacrifice of family time; to my sister Anna and brothers Eamon and Tomas for your friendship.
In addition my thanks to Bob and Gerardina Wharton and family for the generous support they provided us in establishing the Wharton Head & Neck Center and the endowment of three Chairs within the Princess Margaret Hospital/University of Toronto. These contributions have helped enormously enhance patient care, education and research.
Finally, to my colleagues for their support of my vision and to the courage and dignity of my patients for the confidence they have placed in me.
Patrick J Gullane
I would like to dedicate my contribution to this book to my incredible wife, Simone, and our children Jack and Brooke for their support and encouragement. I would like to thank all the authors who put tremendous effort into providing outstanding chapters, as well as our residents and fellows who provide continued support and motivation. Special thanks to my co-editor and colleague Dr Patrick J Gullane for his mentorship, encouragement and support.
David P Goldstein
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fm7Contributors fm13Foreword
Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery is a component of the most extensive compilation of information in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery to date. The six volumes of the comprehensive textbook are part of a 12-volume, encyclopedic compendium that also includes a six-volume set of detailed, extensively illustrated atlases of otolaryngologic surgical techniques. The vision for the Comprehensive Textbook was realized with the invaluable, expert collaboration of eight world-class volume editors. Chapter authors include many of the most prominent otolaryngologists in the world, and coverage of each subspecialty is extensive, detailed and scholarly.
Anil K Lalwani, md edited the volume on otology/neurotology/skull base surgery. Like all six of the volumes in the Comprehensive Textbook, the otology/neurotology/skull base surgery volume is designed not only as part of the multivolume book, but also to stand alone or in combination with the atlas of otological surgery. Dr Lalwani's volume covers anatomy and physiology of hearing and balance, temporal bone radiology, medical and surgical treatment of common and rare disorders of the ear and related structures, occupational hearing loss, aural rehabilitation, cochlear and brainstem implantation, disorders of the facial nerve, and other topics. Each chapter is not only replete with the latest scientific information, but also accessible and practical for clinicians.
The rhinology/allergy and immunology volume by Marvin P Fried and Abtin Tabaee is the most elegant and inclusive book on the topic to date. Drs Fried and Tabaee start with a history of rhinology beginning in ancient times. The chapters on evolution of the nose and sinuses, embryology, sinonasal anatomy and physiology, and rhinological assessment are exceptional. The volume includes discussions of virtually all sinonasal disorders and allergy, including not only traditional medical and surgical therapy but also complementary and integrative medicine. The information is state-of-the-art.
Anthony P Sclafani's volume on facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is unique in its thoroughness and practicality. The volume covers skin anatomy and physiology, principles of wound healing, physiology of grafts and flaps, lasers in facial plastic surgery, aesthetic analysis of the face and other basic topics. There are extensive discussions on essentially all problems and procedures in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery contributed by many of the most respected experts in the field. The volume includes not only cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, but also information on diagnosis and treatment of facial trauma.
The volume on laryngology edited by Dr Michael S Benninger incorporates the most current information on virtually every aspect of laryngology. The authors constitute a who's who of world experts in voice and swallowing. After extensive and practical discussions of science and genetics, the volume reviews diagnosis and treatment (traditional and complementary) of laryngological disorders. Chapters on laser physics and use, voice therapy, laryngeal dystonia, cough, vocal aging and many other topics provide invaluable “pearls” for clinicians. The volume also includes extensive discussion of surgery for airway disorders, office-based laryngeal surgery, laryngeal transplantation and other topics.
For the volume on head and neck surgery, Drs Patrick J Gullane and David P Goldstein have recruited an extraordinary group of contributors who have compiled the latest information on molecular biology of head and neck cancer, principles of radiation, immunobiology, medical oncology, common and rare head and neck malignancies, endocrine neoplasms, lymphoma, deep neck space infections and other maladies. The surgical discussions are thorough and richly illustrated, and they include definitive discussions of free flap surgery, facial transplantation and other subjects.
Dr Christopher J Hartnick's vision for the volume on pediatric otolaryngology was expansive, elegantly scholarly and invaluable clinically. The volume begins with information on embryology, anatomy, genetics, syndromes and other complex topics. Dr Hartnick's contributors include basic discussions of otolaryngologic examination in a pediatric patient, imaging, hearing screening and aural rehabilitation, and diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, larynx, oral cavity, neck and airway. Congenital, syndromic and acquired disorders are covered in detail, as are special, particularly vexing problems such as chronic cough in pediatric patients, breathing and obstructive sleep apnea in children, pediatric voice disorders, and many other subjects. This volume will be invaluable to any otolaryngologist who treats children.
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All of us who have been involved with the creation of the six-volume Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery and its companion six-volume set of surgical atlases hope and believe that our colleagues will find this new offering to be not only the most extensive and convenient compilation of information in our field, but also the most clinically practical and up-to-date resource in otolaryngology. We are indebted to Mr Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman) and Mr Ankit Vij (Group President) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India, for their commitment to this project, and for their promise to keep this work available not only online but also in print. We are indebted also to the many otolaryngologists who have contributed to this work not only by editing volumes and writing chapters, but also by asking questions that inspired many of us to seek the answers found on these pages. We also thank especially the great academic otolaryngologists who trained us and inspired us to spend our nights, weekends and vacations writing chapters and books. We hope that our colleagues and their patients find this book useful.
Robert T Sataloff md dma facs
Professor and Chairman
Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Academic Specialties
Drexel University College of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
fm15Preface
Over the past 30–50 years we have witnessed a significant renaissance in the diagnostic techniques and management of neoplasms about the head and neck which includes the molecular genetics of tumor growth and spread, and in addition a much greater understanding of epidemiological and etiological factors. At the same time, cohort and population-based studies have helped to identify more precisely the incidence and changing trends in oropharynx cancer with a reduction in tobacco and alcohol-induced cancers to the ever-increasing numbers of HPV-related malignancies. We are currently at a crossroads in understanding how best to de-intensify therapy and minimize the escalating complications associated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
During the plan for the development of this six-volume textbook it was recognized that there would be some slight overlap between the volumes, especially those relating to reconstruction and endoscopic approaches. It was our goal that the head and neck volume be a comprehensive overview of neoplasms of the head and neck and as such we aimed to select authors with an experienced understanding of each of the subsites of the head and neck. The contributors have been carefully selected and represent different geographic regions so that a global perspective is obtained. The volume by nature of its content and contributors is multidisciplinary and comprehensive.
The objective is to provide the reader with an overview of the diagnosis and up-to-date management approaches to benign and malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. This volume in its 59 chapters covers the breadth and depth of the fundamentals of head and neck cancer management to include surgery, radiation, medical oncology, reconstruction and rehabilitation. The chapters are therefore very comprehensive and are structured to introduce the novice to the challenges of head and neck oncology, and in addition, are of immense benefit as a reference to experienced practitioners.
This volume is a most important and timely overview of our present knowledge of both the diagnosis and therapies available in present day practice. It therefore represents an important resource for trainees in the different surgical specialties and other healthcare professionals that overlap in the management of the head and neck tumors. We are indebted to the contributors for their unique contributions and hope that this text will stimulate younger readers and investigators to be innovative.
Patrick J Gullane md frcsc facs
David P Goldstein md msc frcsc facs
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fm17Acknowledgments
The editors would like to thank Joseph Rusko, Marco Ulloa, Carol Rogers Field, Bridget Meyer, Thomas Gibbons and the rest of the Jaypee Brothers team. Without their perseverance and hard work, this volume would not have been possible. Special thanks are offered to the authors, who have shared their expertise and experience in order to improve the care of the Head and Neck Surgery patients.
We would also like to thank Mr Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Group President), Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Associate Director), Mr Umar Rashid (Development Editor) and Production team of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India.
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Video Legends
Video 57.1: Masseter muscle transposition for smile and interposition cable graft between entire proximal facial nerve stump to distal facial nerve branch supplying the orbicularis oculi after radical parotidectomy (4-year postoperative result).
Video 57.2: Primary reconstruction with gracilis muscle transfer after radical parotidectomy followed by external beam radiation (1-year postoperative result).
Video 57.3: Selective reinnervation of facial nerve branches demonstrating eye closure. Interposition cable graft between entire proximal facial nerve stump to distal facial nerve branch supplying the orbicularis oculi. Direct neurorrhaphy between masseteric nerve and facial nerve branch supplying the zygomaticus major muscle after radical parotidectomy (2-year postoperative result).
Video 57.4: Selective reinnervation of facial nerve branches demonstrating smile. Interposition cable graft between entire proximal facial nerve stump to distal facial nerve branch supplying the orbicularis oculi. Direct neurorrhaphy between masseteric nerve and facial nerve branch supplying the zygomaticus major muscle after radical parotidectomy (2-year postoperative result).