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A Handbook of Emergencies
Aspi F Golwalla, Sharukh A Golwalla
1:
Pediatric Emergencies
Neonatal Emergencies
I. Asphyxia
Management
II. Respiratory Distress
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
III. Apnoea
Causes
Management
IV. Convulsions
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
V. Bleeding Neonate
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
VI. Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Incidence
Clinical Features
Management
VII. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
Types
Clinical Features
Management
VIII. Vomiting
Causes
Management
IX. Premature and Low Birth Weight Baby
Classification
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
X. Surgical Emergencies
General Pediatric Emergencies
I. Dehydration
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
II. Respiratory Emergencies
A. Foreign Body Obstruction and Choking
B. Croup
C. Acute Bronchial Asthma
III. Cardiovascular Emergencies
A. Congestive Heart Failure
B. Anoxic/Cyanotic Spells
C. Cardiac Arrhythmias
D. Hypertensive Crisis
E. Hyperkalemia
F. Shock
IV. Endocrine Emergencies
A. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
B. Adrenal Crisis
C. Hypoglycemia
V. Neurological Emergencies
A. Seizures
B. Increased Intracranial Pressure/Coma
Accidental Poisoning in Children
Causes
Management
Neonatal Critical Care
Clinical Features
Management
Neonatal Jaundice
Causes of Unconjugated Bilirubin
Causes of Prolonged Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborn
Medical Treatment of Cholestatic Hepatitis
Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis)
Treatment
Treatment of Severe Malaria
Management of Complications of Malaria
Dengue Illness
Management
Outpatient
Inpatient
Dengue Shock
2:
Dermatologic Emergencies
I. Infections
Virus Infections
Varicella and Herpes Zoster
Kaposi's Varicelliform Eruption
Acute Leprosy Reactions
Lepra Reaction
Treatment of leprosy in adults (WHO)
Anthrax
Types
II. Autoimmune Disorders
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (Anaphylactoid Purpura)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
III. Toxic Disorders
Acute Erythroderma (Exfoliative Dermatitis)
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Erythema Multiforme Major
Acute Primary Irritant Dermatitis (Dermatitis Venenata)
Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome
Severe Pruritus
IV. Allergic Reactions Anaphylaxis and Angioedema
V. Drug Reactions
3:
Emergencies in Ear, Nose and Throat
Foreign Bodies in the External Auditory Canal
Causes
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Furunculosis of the External Auditory Canal
Symptoms and Signs
Differential Diagnosis from Acute Mastoiditis
Management
Local
Systemic
Malignant Otitis Externa
Diagnosis
Management
Traumatic Perforation of the Ear Drum
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Treatment
Bleeding from the Ear
Causes
Treatment
Acute Otitis Media
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Acute Mastoiditis and Mastoid Abscess
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Earache
Etiology
Sudden Deafness
Definition
Causes
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Meniere's Disease
Acute Attack
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Epistaxis
Etiology
Management
Foreign Body in the Nose
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Management
Fracture of Nasal Bone
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Laryngeal Emergencies
Causes
Management
Cafe Coronary
Foreign Body in the Bronchus
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Burns Due To Acid or Alkali Ingestion
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Foreign Body in the Pharynx
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Foreign Body in Oesophagus
Etiology
Symptoms
Management
Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Trismus (Not Due to Tetanus)
Causes
Management
4:
Ophthalmic Emergencies
Sudden Loss of Vision
Causes
Painful Ophthalmic Emergencies
Causes
Acute Conjunctivitis
Causes
Clinical Features
Treatment
Panophthalmitis
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Trachoma
Clinical Features
Sequelae
Treatment
Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Management
Corneal Ulcer
Causes
Complications
Management
Iridocyclitis
Causes
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Local
Systemic
Episcleritis and Scleritis
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Acute Orbital Cellulitis
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Clinical Features
Management
Acute Dacryocystitis
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Vitreous Haemorrhage
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Causes
Signs and Symptoms
Fundus Examination
Management
Retinoblastoma (Glioma)
Definition
Cause
Clinical Features
Management
Optic Neuritis
Symptoms and Signs
Fundus
Management
Malignant Exophthalmos
Management
Detachment of the Retina
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Foreign Bodies (Extraocular)
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Procedure
Intraocular Foreign Body
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Chemical Injury and Burns of the Cornea and Conjunctiva
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Perforating Injuries
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Effects of Contusions
Hyphaema (Blood in the Anterior Chamber)
Causes
Clinical Features
Complications
Management
Acute Congestive Glaucoma
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Caution
Lens-induced Glaucoma
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
5:
Emergencies in Gynaecology
Emergencies with Profuse External Haemorrhage
Common Causes
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Management
Injuries of the Vulva, Vagina and Perineum
Causes
Symptoms
Signs
Management
Haemorrhage from Tumours of Uterus and Ovaries
Common Causes
Symptoms
Signs
Management
Emergencies with Obvious Severe Intraperitoneal Haemorrhage
Ectopic Gestation
Etiology
Symptoms
Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Investigations
Management
Haemorrhage from Corpus Luteum (See p. 128)
Perforation of Uterus due to an Invasive Vesicular Mole
Emergencies Associated with Obvious Infection
Acute Salpingo-oophoritis
Etiology
Symptoms
Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Rupture of a Pyosalpinx, Tubo-ovarian Abscess or an Infected Ovarian Cyst
Symptoms
Signs
Special Investigations
Management
Conservative:
Emergencies with Acute Abdominal Conditions of Doubtful Etiology
Cryptomenorrhoea
Common Causes
Symptoms
Signs
Management
Dysmenorrhoea
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Torsion of an Ovarian Tumour, Hydrosalpinx or Subserous Fibroid
Symptoms
Signs
Management
Rupture of a Chocolate Cyst of Ovary
Causes
Symptoms
Signs
Management
Rupture of an Ovarian Tumour
Causes
Symptoms and Signs of Peritonism
Management
Red Degeneration of Fibroid of the Uterus
Causes
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Acute Retention of Urine
Causes
Symptoms
Signs
Management
6:
Psychiatric Emergencies
Violence
Management
Suicidal Behaviour
Assessment of Suicide Risk
Management
Victims of Disaster
Management
Grief
A. Uncomplicated Grief
Stages
Management
B. Complicated Grief
Management
Rape Survivor
Management
Anxiety and Panic Disorders
Diagnosis
Management
Stupor
Diagnosis
Management
Emergencies Associated with Substance Use Disorders
Alcohol
Alcohol Intoxication
Clinical Features
Management
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Management
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Management of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Opioids
Overdosage
Clinical Features
Management
Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Management
Sedatives and Hypnotics (Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Methaqualone, etc.)
Intoxication
Management
Withdrawal Syndrome
Clinical Features
Management
Cannabinoids
Intoxication
Clinical Features
Management
Withdrawal Syndrome
Adverse Reactions to Cannabinoids:
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Intoxication
Clinical Features
Management
Withdrawal Syndrome
Management
Hallucinogens
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Intoxication
Withdrawal Syndrome
Adverse Reactions
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Management
Psychiatric Manifestations of Physical Disorders
Management
Causes
Management
7:
Gastrointestinal, Liver and Biliary Tract Emergencies
Oesophageal Disorders
Oesophageal Spasm Pain
Causes
Diagnosis
Investigation
Management
Treatment
Acute Gatsrointestinal Bleeding (Haematemesis and Melaena)
Causes
Common
Uncommon or Rare
Clinical Approach and Investigations of Upper GI Bleed
Management of Acute GI Hemorrhage
Acute Lower GI Haemorrhage
Causes
Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Management
Investigations
Acute Abdominal Pain
Causes
Acute Appendicitis
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Acute Diverticulitis
Clinical Features
Pericolic Abscess
Management
Perforated Peptic Ulcer
Clinical Features
Management
Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Clinical Features
Management
Acute Pancreatitis
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Acute GI Vascular Disorders
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Acute Non-specific Mesenteric Lymphadenitis
Common Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis
Clinical Features
Management
Abdominal Distension
Common Causes
Clinical Features
Investigations
Intestinal Obstruction
Mechanical Obstruction
Common Causes
CIinical Features
Management
Paralytic ileus
Common Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Emergencies in Diseases of the Biliary Tract
Gallstones
Diagnosis
Management
Liver Disorders
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Causes
Precipitating Causes
Clinical Features
Grades of Encephalopathy
Investigations
Management
Acute Liver Failure
Causes
Clinical Features
Investigations
Management
8:
Respiratory Emergencies
Massive Haemoptysis
Causes of Massive Haemoptysis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Investigations
Management
Acute Severe Asthma
Assessment of Acute Severe Asthma
Features of Uncontrolled Asthma
Features of Acute Severe Asthma
Life-threatening Features
Near-fatal Asthma
Management
A. Immediate
B. Subsequent
Monitoring Treatment
Acute Respiratory Failure
Causes
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Causes
Respiratory
Non-respiratory
Clinical Features
Investigations
Management
Acute Exacerbation of COPD
Precipitating Factors
Investigation for Patient Referred to Hospital
Indications for Hospitalization
Pharmacological Treatment
Indications for Mechanical Ventilation
Pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Clinical Features
Features of Severe Pneumonia
Investigation
Management
Massive Pulmonary Collapse
Management
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Investigation
Management
Massive Pleural Effusion
Causes
Symptoms
Signs
Management
Acute Laryngeal Obstruction
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Heimlich Manoeuvre for Choking
9:
Cardiovascular Emergencies
Cardiac Arrest
Causes
Diagnosis
Management of Cardiac Arrest
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Unstable Angina/NSTEMI
Diagnostic Criteria
Management
Anti-ischemic and Analgesic Therapy
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Management
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias
Management
Bradyarrhythmias
Sino-atrial Dysfunction
Acute Left Ventricular Failure with Pulmonary Oedema
Hypertensive Crises
Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism
Diagnosis
Management
Cardiac Tamponade
Clinical Symptoms
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Acute Aortic Regurgitation
Management
Peripheral Vascular Emergencies
Aortic Dissection
Clinical Features
Investigations
Management
Acute Limb Ischemia
Diagnosis
Management
Saddle Embolus
Severe Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Syncope
Causes and Management
10:
Neurological Emergencies
Raised Intracranial Pressure
Causes
Clinical Features of Raised ICP
Herniation Syndromes
Transtentorial Herniation
Hydrocephalus
Management of Raised ICP
Management of Hydrocephalus
Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease
Types of Ischemic Strokes
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) and Minor Strokes
Clinical Features
Investigation
Neuroimaging
Management of Severe Carotid Stenosis
Prevention of Stroke
Management of Acute Stroke
Ischemic Stroke
Venous Infarct
Common Causes
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH)
Causes
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Medical
Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
Causes
Clinical Features
Clinical Grading of SAH
Investigation
Complications of SAH
Management
Status Epilepticus (SE)
Classification
Etiology
Medical Complications in Tonic-Clonic SE
Management of Tonic-Clonic SE
Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)
Protocol for AED
Initial Management
Management
Intracranial Infections
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM)
Clinical Features
Complications
Investigation
Management
Management
Acute Viral Meningitis (Aseptic Meningitis)
Acute Neuromuscular Emergencies
Acute Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Myasthenia Gravis
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Tests
Myasthenic Crisis
Botulism
Management
Polymyositis
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Periodic Paralysis
Management of Acute Attack
Rhabdomyolysis
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Medical Coma
Diagnostic Classification of Medical Coma
Neurological Examination
Investigations
Management
Severe Head Injury
Classification
Management of Head Injury
Investigations
Acute Spinal Cord Disturbance (Myelopathy)
Classification
Investigations
Management
11:
Emergencies in Haematology
Anaemia
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Haemoglobinuria
Causes
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Sickle Cell Crisis
Bleeding Disorders
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Causes
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Transfusion Reactions
Bone Marrow Failure
Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Causes
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Neutropenia (Agranulocytosis)
Clinical Features
Causes
Management
Pure Red Cell Aplasia
12:
Endocrine Emergencies
Thyroid Crisis (Thyroid Storm)
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Cold Exposure
Myxoedema Coma
Clinical Features
Management
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Diagnostic Criteria for DKA
Management
Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Coma (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State)
Precipitating Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Lactic Acidosis in a Diabetic
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Hypoglycemia
Causes
Symptoms and Signs
Management
Hypercalcemic Crisis
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Hypocalcemic Tetany
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Pituitary Apoplexy
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Cranial Diabetes Insipidus
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Hypertensive Crisis in Pheochromocytoma
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Pituitary Crisis or Coma
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Hyponatremia Secondary to SIADH
Causes
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
13:
Emergencies in Urogenital Diseases
Hematuria
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Renal Colic
Common Causes
Clinical Feature
Management
Acute Retention of Urine
Causes
Precipitating Factors
Diagnosis
Management
Scrotal Pain
Causes
Diagnosis
Management
Paraphimosis
Management
Acute Nephritic Syndrome
Clinical Features
Investigations
Management
Rapidly Progressive Renal Failure
Management
Acute Renal Failure
Causes
Clinical Features
Investigations
Management
14:
Emergencies in Tropical and Infectious Diseases
Malaria
Manifestations of Complicated, Severe Malaria
Management
Management of Complications
Typhoid Fever
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Fulminant Amoebic Infection
Diagnosis
Management
CIinical Features
Complications
Diagnosis
Management
Acute Bacillary Dysentery
Clinical Features
Complications
Diagnosis
Management
Cholera
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Acute Gastroenteritis (Food Poisoning)
Clinical Features
Management
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Clostridium Difficile Infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tetanus
Clinical Features
Complications
Management
Leptospirosis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Dengue
Diagnostic Criteria
Clinical Features
Investigations
Management
Chickungunya Fever
Clinical Features
Management
Effects of Heat
Rabies
Measles
Complications
Management
Chickenpox
Management
Whooping Cough
Complications
Management
Mumps
Complications
Management
Diphtheria
Diagnostic Features of Severe Diphtheria
Severe Types of Diphtheria
Management
Management of Severe Complications
Infectious Mononucleosis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Acute Disseminated Miliary Tuberculosis
CIinical Features
Investigation
Management
15:
Shock
Hypovolemic Shock
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Cardiogenic Shock
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Obstructive Shock
Management
Septic Shock
Predisposing Factors
Laboratory Investigations
Management
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Investigations
Management
Anaphylactic Shock
Common Stimuli for Anaphylaxis
Clinical Features
Management
16:
Rheumatological Emergencies
Emergencies Involving Disease Processes
Rheumatoid Vasculitis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Ocular Emergencies
Temporal Arteritis
Clinical Features
Management
Emergencies Involving Specific Organs
Neurological Emergencies
Pulmonary Emergencies
Renal Emergencies
Emergencies Involving Peripheral Joints and Spine
Emergencies Due to Drugs
17:
Febrile Emergencies
Sepsis Syndrome
Febrile Neutropenia
Fever in Immunocompromised Host
Thyroid Storm
Pheochromocytoma
Heat Stroke
Cerebral Hemorrhage
18:
Emergencies in HIV Infection
Emergencies due to Opportunistic Infections (OI)
Pulmonary Emergencies
Emergencies due to CNS Involvement
Diarrhoeal Diseases
Ocular Emergencies
Emergencies due to Antiretroviral Therapy
19:
Emergencies Due to Fluid and Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances
Disorders of Water and Electrolyte Metabolism
Water
Water Excess (Overhydration)
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Water Deficiency
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Sodium
Hypernatremia
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Hyponatremia
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Potassium
Hyperkalemia
Causes
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Hypokalemia
Causes
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Calcium
Hypocalcemia
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Hypercalcemia
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Magnesium
Hypomagnesemia
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Hypermagnesemia
Causes
Clinical Features
Management
Acid-base Disturbances
20:
Acute Poisoning
Approach to a Case of Poisoning
Immediate Management
Diagnosis of Poisoning
Investigations
Non-toxicological Investigations
Analytical Toxicology
Further Management of Poisoning
Reducing Absorption
Management of Associated Conditions
Increasing Elimination
Poisonous Substances
ACE Inhibitors
Clinical Features
Management
Alcohol
Ethanol
Methanol
Amiodarone
Clinical Features
Management
Ammonia
Clinical Features
Management
Anticonvulsants
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Sodium Valproate
Antidepressants
Trycyclic Antidepressants and Related Drugs
Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Phenelzine Iproniazid)
Antipsychotics
Clinical Features
Management
β-blockers
Clinical Features
Management
β2-agonists
Clinical Features
Management
Benzodiazepines
Clinical Features
Management
Calcium Channel Blockers
Clinical Features
Management
Cannabis
Clinical Features
Management
Carbon Monoxide
Clinical Features
Management
Chlorine
Clinical Features
Management
Clonidine
Clinical Features
Management
Copper
Clinical Features
Management
Corrosives
Acids
Alkalis
Cocaine
Clinical Features
Management
Cyanide
Clinical Features
Management
Digoxin
Clinical Features
Management
Ecstasy
Clinical Features
Management
Ethylene Glycol
Clinical Features
Management
Household and Industrial Products
Petrolium Distillates
Bleaches, Disinfectants and Drain Cleaners
Iodine
Hair Dye Poisoning
Management
Hydrogen Sulphide
Clinical Features
Management
Iron
Clinical Features
Management
Isoniazid
Clinical Features
Management
Isopropanol
Clinical Features
Management
Lithium
Clinical Features
Management
LSD
Clinical Features
Management
Mercury
Clinical Features
Management
Mushrooms
Cytotoxic Mushrooms
Neurotoxic Mushrooms
Antabuse Syndrome
Clinical Features
Management
Nitrogen and Nitrous Oxides
Clinical Features
Management
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Clinical Features
Management
Opioids
Clinical Features
Specific Opioids
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
Clinical Features
Pesticides
Clinical Featrues
Management
Paraquat
Clinical Features
Management
Aluminium Phosphate
Clinical Features
Management
Quinine and Chloroquine
Clinical Features
Management
Salicylates
Clinical Features
Management
Sulphur Dioxide
Clinical Features
Management
Theophylline
Clinical Features
Management
Stimulants
Amphetamine
Thyroxine and Tri-iodothyronine
Clinical Features
Management
Volatile Substance Abuse
Acute Intoxication
Warfarin, Nicoumalone and other Anticoagulants
Clinical Features
Management
21:
Venomous Bites and Stings
Snake Bite
Elapids
Vipers
Management
First Aid
Supportive Treatment
Scorpion Stings
Clinical Features
Management
Spider Bites
Clinical Features
Bee and Wasp Stings
Clinical Features
Management
Fish Stings
Clinical Features
22:
Emergencies Due to Physical Causes
Heat Illness
Cold-induced Illness
Profound Hypothermia
High Altitude-induced Illness
Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
Management
Drowning and Near-Drowning
Drowning Sequence
Management
Prognosis
Diving and Dysbaric Emergencies
Electrical Injuries and Lightning
Electrical Injuries
Management
Lightning
23:
Emergency Management in Burns
Causes of Burn
Pathophysiology
Treatment
Management
Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement Therapy
24:
Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient
Main Groups at Risk of Infection
Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Infection
Diagnosis
Investigations
Management of Infection
HIV Infection
25:
Emergencies in Cancer
Spinal Cord Compression
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Superior Vena Caval Syndrome
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Cardiac Tamponade
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Pulmonary Complications
Clinical Features
Investigation
Management
Infections
Metabolic Complications
Haemorrhage
Management
Renal Failure
GI Complications
26:
Postoperative Medical Emergencies
Fever
Causes
Wound Infection
Intra-abdominal Sepsis
Urinary Tract Infection
27:
Emergencies in Industrial Medicine
Chemical Hazards
Acute Asphyxia
Clinical Features
Management
Acute Respiratory Tract Irritation
Symptoms and Signs
Other Important Chemical Hazards
Acute Allergic Episodes
28:
Medical Emergencies in the Air
Effects of Altitude
Medical Fitness to Fly
29:
Emergency Medical Procedures
Venous Cutdown
Indication
Site
Technique
Insertion of Nasogastric Tube
Indications
Technique
Lumbar Puncture
Indications
Containdications
Technique
Use of Self-retaining Foley Urinary Catheter
Indications
Catheter
Procedure
Tracheostomy
Indications
Technique
Appendix
Normal Values of CSF
Normal Haematological Values
Coagulation Tests
Serum Levels of Common Emergency Drugs
Common IV Drugs Used as Infusions
Blood Chemistry (Whole Blood, Plasma and Serum)
INDEX
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