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A Practical Guide to Obstetrics & Gynecology Richa Saxena

SECTION 1: OBSTETRICS
CHAPTER 1:History Taking and Examination in Obstetrics
- Introduction
- History
  - History at the Time of First Antenatal Visit
  - Summary of History
- Clinical Presentation
- Clinical Examination
CHAPTER 2:Bony Pelvis and Fetal Skull
- Introduction
- The Maternal Pelvis: Passageway
- Pelvic Assessment
- Passenger: Fetus
  - Presenting Parts of Fetal Skull (Fig. 2.17)
  - Important Diameters of Fetal Skull
    - Anteroposterior Diameters
    - Transverse Diameters
CHAPTER 3:Normal Pregnancy and Labor
- Antenatal Care
- Normal Labor
- Conducting Normal Vaginal Delivery
CHAPTER 4:Labor in Case of Malpresentations
- Breech Delivery
- Occipitoposterior Position
- Deep Transverse Arrest
  - MANAGEMENT
  - Manual Rotation
- Transverse Lie
  - Introduction
- Face Presentation
- Brow Presentation
- Cord Prolapse
- Compound Presentation
CHAPTER 5:Cases in Obstetrics
- Anemia in Pregnancy
- Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
- Breech Presentation
- Previous Cesarean Delivery
- Multifetal Gestation
- Abnormalities of Liquor
  - OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS
  - Case Study 1
- Polyhydramnios
  - Case Study 1
    - Maternal Complications
    - Fetal Complications
- Transverse Lie
  - Case Study 1
    - Maternal Complications
    - Fetal Complications
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction
  - Case Study 1
- Antepartum Hemorrhage
- Intrauterine Death
  - Case Study 1
    - Expectant Management
    - Induction of Labor
- Preterm Labor, Prom
  - Case Study 1
- Post-Term Pregnancy
  - Case Study 1
- Bad Obstetric History/Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
  - Case Study 1
- Rh Isoimmunization
- Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy
  - Case Study 1
- Diabetes in Pregnancy
  - Case Study 1
CHAPTER 6:Routine Labor Room Procedures
- Obstetric Forceps
- Obstetric Vacuum Application
- Management of Shoulder Dystocia
- Episiotomy
- Perineal Tear Repair
- Cervical Tear Repair
- Induction of Labor
- Version
- Artificial Rupture of Membranes
- Amnioinfusion
- Cervical Cerlage for Cervical Incompetence
  - Cervical Incompetence
  - Diagnosis
    - Clinical Examination
    - Other Tests
- Cervical Cerclage
- Fetal Scalp Blood Sampling
- Insertion of Dinoprostone (Cerviprime Gel)
- Removal of Adherent Placenta
- Pudendal Nerve Block
CHAPTER 7:Operation Theater Procedures: Obstetrics
- Medical Termination of Pregnancy
- Drainage of Pelvic/Vulvar Hematoma
- Cesarean Section
- Obstetric Hysterectomy
- Surgical Procedures for Controlling PPH
- Surgical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
- Destructive Procedures
SECTION 2: GYNECOLOGY
CHAPTER 8:History Taking and Examination in Gynecology
- Introduction
- History and Clinical Presentation
- General Physical Examination
- Specific Systemic Examination
- Pelvic Examination
  - Positioning the Patient for Pelvic Examination
  - Components of the Pelvic Examination
- Management
CHAPTER 9:Cases in Gynecology
- Carcinoma Cervix
- Carcinoma Endometrium
  - Case Study 1
- Fibroid Uterus
  - Case Study 1
- Genital Prolapse
  - Case Study 1
- Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
  - Case Study 1
- Infertility
  - Case Study 1
- Abnormal Vaginal Discharge
  - Case Study 1
- Genitourinary Fistula
  - Case Study 1
    - Conservative Management
    - Conservative Management
- Abdominal Lump
  - OVARIAN CANCER
  - Case Study 1
- Endometriosis
  - Case Study 1
- Molar Gestation
  - Case Study 1
    - Suction Evacuation
    - Hysterectomy with Mole in Situ
CHAPTER 10:Operation Theater Procedures: Gynecology
- Cervical Biopsy
  - Cone Biopsy
- Cryosurgery
- Tests for Tubal Patency
- Tests for Ovarian Function
- Cytologic Screening: Pap Smear
- Colposcopy
- Dilatation and Curettage
- Endometrial Aspiration
  - Introduction
- Female Sterilization
- Three Swab Test
  - Introduction
  - Procedure
    - Advantages
- Test for Cervical Factor Infertility
  - Postcoital Test
- Hysteroscopy
- Marsupialization of Bartholin's Cyst
  - Introduction
  - Procedure
- Hysterectomy
CHAPTER 11:Contraception
- Introduction
- Natural Family Planning Methods
- Barrier Method of Contraception
- Hormonal Method of Contraception
- Combined Oral Contraception Pills
- Progestogen-Only Contraception
- Subdermal Implants
- Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices
- Emergency Contraception
- Permanent Methods of Contraception
  - Male Method of Sterilization (Vasectomy)
- Failure Rate
SECTION 3: IMAGING, INSTRUMENTS, SPECIMENS AND DRUGS
CHAPTER 12:Imaging in Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Obstetric Ultrasound
- Gynecological Ultrasound
- Diagnostic Radiology in Obstetrics
  - Intrauterine Fetal Death
- X-rays in Gynecology
  - HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY
  - DIAGNOSIS OF PERFORATION CAUSED BY INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
CHAPTER 13:Instruments in Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Sims' Speculum (Fig. 13.1)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Sims' Anterior Vaginal Wall Retractor (Fig. 13.2)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Cusco's Speculum (Fig. 13.3)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Auvard's Weighted Self-Retaining Posterior Vaginal Speculum (Fig. 13.4)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Soonawala's Self-Retaining Vaginal Speculum (Fig. 13.5)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Fergusson's Tubular Vaginal Speculum (Figs 13.6A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
- Doyen's Retractor (Fig. 13.7)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Landon Bladder Retractor (Fig. 13.8)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Self-Retaining Abdominal Retractors (Fig. 13.9)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Right Angle Retractor (Fig. 13.10)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Tongue Depressor (Figs 13.11A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Flushing Curette (Fig. 13.12)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Towel Clip (Figs 13.13A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Allis Tissue-Holding Forceps(Fig. 13.14)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Needle Holder (Fig. 13.15)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Artery Forceps (Figs 13.16A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Sponge-Holding Forceps (Fig. 13.17)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Kidney Tray (Fig. 13.18)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Kocher's Clamp (Figs 13.19A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Square-Jaw Single-Tooth Tenaculum (Fig. 13.20)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
  - SPECIAL USES
- Straight Babcock Forceps (Figs 13.21A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Green Armytage Forceps (Fig. 13.22)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Bladder Sound (Fig. 13.23)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Simpson's Olive Pointed Graduated Metallic Uterine Sound (Fig. 13.24)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Rubin's Cannula (Figs 13.25A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Leech Wilkinson/Colwin's Cannula (Figs 13.26A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Plain Forceps (Fig. 13.27)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Toothed Forceps (Fig. 13.28)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Uterine Polyp Forceps (Fig. 13.29)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Cheatle Forceps (Fig. 13.30)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Hegar's Dilator (Fig. 13.31)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Fenton/Pratt's Dilator (Fig. 13.32)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Hawkin Ambler Dilator (Fig. 13.33)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Purandare MTP Dilators (Fig. 13.34)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Episiotomy Scissors (Fig. 13.35)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Cuzzi Placental Curette (Fig. 13.36)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Sharp and Blunt Uterine Curette(Fig. 13.37)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Ayre's Wooden Spatula (Fig. 13.38)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Cytobrush (Fig. 13.39)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Rubber Catheter (Fig. 13.40)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Metal Catheter (Fig. 13.41)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Foley's Catheter (Fig. 13.42)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
    - Gynecological Indications
    - Obstetrical Indications
- IUCD Removing Hook (Fig. 13.43)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Vacuum Extractor (Figs 13.44A to C)
- Vulsellum (Fig. 13.45)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Uterine Manipulator(Figs 13.46A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Dartigue Uterus-Holding Forceps (Fig. 13.47)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Drew-Smythe Catheter (Fig. 13.48)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Uterine Packing Forceps (Fig. 13.49)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Obstetric Forceps
- Veress Needle (Fig. 13.50)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Trocar and Cannula (Fig. 13.51)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Suction Cannula (Figs 13.52A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Doyen's Myoma Screw (Fig. 13.53)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Shirodkar Uterus-Holding Forceps (Fig. 13.54)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Simpson Perforator (Fig. 13.55)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
    - Dead Baby
    - Live baby
- Embryotomy Scissors (Fig. 13.56)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Hook with Crochet (Fig. 13.57)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Ramsbotham's Decapitation Hook with Knife (Fig. 13.58)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Auvard-Zweifel Combined Cranioclast and Cephalotribe (Fig. 13.59)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Willett Scalp Traction Forceps (Figs 13.60A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Martin Pelvimeter (Fig. 13.61)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Rubber Ring Pessary (Fig. 13.62)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Pinard's Stethoscope (Fig. 13.63)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Stethoscope (Fig. 13.64)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Digital Fetal Doppler (Fig. 13.65)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Haywood Smiths Ovum Forceps (Figs 13.66A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Laminaria Tent (Fig. 13.67)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Bard Parker's Knife (Figs 13.68A to E)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Curved Scissors (Fig. 13.69)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Mayo's Scissors (Fig. 13.70)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Metzenbaum Scissors (Fig. 13.71)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Umbilical Cord Clamp (Fig. 13.72)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Bonney's Myomectomy Clamp (Fig. 13.73)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Iris Scissors (Fig. 13.74)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Sharp-Curved Mosquito Hemostat (Fig. 13.75)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Shirodkar Cervical EncerclageNeedles (Figs 13.76A and B)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USE
- Intrauterine Insemination Cannula (Fig. 13.77)
  - USES
    - Indications for Artificial Insemination of Husband's Semen
    - Indications for Artificial Insemination of Donor's Semen
- Electrosurgical Loop (Fig. 13.78)
  - USES
- Cervical Punch Biopsy Forceps (Fig. 13.79)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Cryomachine (Fig. 13.80)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
- Novak's Endometrial Biopsy Curette (Fig. 13.81)
  - DESCRIPTION
  - USES
CHAPTER 14:Specimens in Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Description of Specimen
- Obstetric Specimens
- Gynecological Specimens
CHAPTER 15:Drugs in Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Atosiban
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Bromocriptine
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Cabergoline
  - Introduction
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Cerviprime Gel
- Clomiphene Citrate
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
    - Clomiphene Failure
    - Clomiphene Resistance
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Cyproterone Acetate
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Danazol
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Diazepam
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Drotaverine Hydrochloride
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- GnRH Agonists
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- GnRH Antagonists
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
    - Women
    - Men
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Isoxsuprine
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Labetalol
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Letrozole
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Magnesium Sulfate
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Metformin
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Methergine
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Methotrexate
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
    - Uses in Obstetrics
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Mifepristone
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Misoprostol
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Oxytocin
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Mode of Administration
  - Indications
  - Adverse Effects
  - Contraindications
    - Absolute Contraindications
    - Relative Contraindications
- Pethidine
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
    - Obstetric Indications
    - Nonobstetric/Gynecological Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
    - Maternal Side Effects
    - Neonatal Side Effects
- Primiprost
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Prostodin
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
- Rhesus Anti-D Immunoglobulins
- Ritodrine Hydrochloride
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
    - Maternal Side Effects
    - Fetal Side Effects
- Tranexamic Acid
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Indications
  - Route of Administration
  - Dosage
  - Contraindications
  - Side Effects
SECTION 4: APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1:Nutritional Values of the Common Food Stuffs
APPENDIX 2:Reference Intervals: Biochemistry
APPENDIX 3:Reference Intervals: Urine
APPENDIX 4:Reference Intervals: Hematology

INDEX

TOC
Index

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Chapter Notes