Editors
James S
Harrop
MD
Professor of Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery Director, Division of Spine and Peripheral Nerve Disorders Director, Delaware Valley Spinal Cord Injury Center Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania,
USA
Alexander R
Vaccaro
MD PhD
Richard H Rothman Professor and Chairman Professor of Orthopedic and Neurological Surgery Co-Director Delaware Valley Spinal Cord Injury Center Co-Chief of Spine Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College Thomas Jefferson University President, Rothman Institute
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania,
USA
Associate Editor
Ahmed J
Awad
MD
Postdoctoral Fellow, Neurosurgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences An-Najah National University
Nablus,
Palestine
Foreword
Edward C
Benzel
MD
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Adult Degenerative Scoliosis—Coronal and Sagittal Deformities: Treatment and Management
First Edition:
2015
9789351524960
Printed at
5Dedication
This text is dedicated to my family. Elyse, Matthew and Casey thanks for putting up with me all these years. This was possible only due to you efforts and understanding.
James S Harrop MD
I want to dedicate this book to the wonderful and supportive staff at the Rothman Institute who have been instrumental in assisting the physician staff in developing into Clinician Researchers. The ability and commitment to study ones practice, report it, and change for the better is the greatest gift we can give to our patients.
7Contributors
- Kasra Ahmadinia MD
- Eastern Oklahoma Orthopedics
- Center
- Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
- Todd J Albert MD
- Korein-Wilson Professor and Chairman
- Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- Surgeon-in-Chief and Medical
- Director
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York, New York, USA
- Kenan AL-Khalili MD
- Department of Surgery
- University of Arizona
- Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Rodrigo Amaral MD
- Instituto de Patologia da Coluna
- São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Christopher P Ames MD
- Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of California
- San Francisco,
- California, USA
- Beejal Y Amin MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Loyola University Medical Center
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Louis F Amorosa MD
- Clinical Instructor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Westchester Medical Center
- New York Medical College
- Valhalla, New York, USA
- D Greg Anderson MD
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Ahmed J Awad MD
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow
- Neurosurgery
- Faculty of Medicine and Health
- Sciences
- An-Najah National University
- Nablus, Palestine
- Carlo Bellabarba MD
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Washington
- Seattle, Washington, USA
- Shay Bess MD
- Rocky Mountain Hospital for
- Children
- Presbyterian/St. Luke's Medical
- Center
- Denver, Colorado, USA
- Adam J Bevevino MD
- Department of Orthopedics and
- Rehabilitation
- Walter Reed National Military
- Medical Center
- Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Richard J Bransford MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- University of Washington
- Seattle, Washington, USA
- Salvador A Brau MD
- Director, Spine Access Surgery
- Associates
- Visiting Clinical Assistant Professor
- of Vascular Surgery
- University of Southern California
- Clinical Instructor of Surgery
- Vascular Surgery
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Beverly Hills, California, USA
- Charles Eichler MD
- Clinical Professor of Surgery
- Division of Vascular and
- Endovascular Surgery
- Department of Surgery
- University of California
- San Francisco
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Marco Girolami MD
- Clinical Research Fellow
- Department of Oncologic and
- Degenerative Spine Surgery
- Rizzoli Institute
- Bologna, Italy
- Randall B Graham MD
- Resident
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Northwestern University
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- James S Harrop MD
- Professor of Neurological and
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Director, Division of Spine and
- Peripheral Nerve Disorders
- Director, Delaware Valley Spinal
- Cord Injury Center
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Robert F Heary MD
- Professor
- Director of the Spine Center
- Department of Neurosurgery
- New Jersey Medical School
- Rutgers University
- Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Joshua E Heller MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Tarik Ibrahim MD
- Resident
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Loyola University Medical Center
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- John Paul Kelleher MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Hershey Medical Center
- Pennsylvania State University
- Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Han Jo Kim MD
- Assistant Professor of Orthopedic
- Surgery
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- Director of Research
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- New York, New York, USA
- Tyler R Koski MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Northwestern University
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Bryan Kramer MD
- Vascular Institute of the Rockies
- Denver, Colorado, USA
- Virginie Lafage PhD
- Research Director
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- New York University Langone
- Medical Center
- New York, New York, USA
- Hai Le BS
- School of Medicine
- University of California
- San Francisco
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Ronald A Lehman Jr MD
- Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Washington University,
- Orthopedics
- St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Lawrence G Lenke MD
- The Jerome J Gilden Distinguished
- Professor
- Professor of Orthopedic Surgery
- Chief, Orthopedic Spine Surgery
- Washington University
- Orthopedics
- St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shian Liu BS
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- New York University Langone
- Medical Center
- New York, New York, USA
- Luis Marchi MS
- Department of Imaging Diagnosis
- Federal University of São Paulo
- São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Christopher M Maulucci MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Tulane University
- New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Dennis S Meredith MD
- Orthopedic Surgeon
- Woodland Clinic
- Woodland, California, USA
- Anita Mikkilineni BA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Praveen Mummaneni MD
- Professor and Vice Chair
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of California
- San Francisco
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Leonardo Oliveira BSc
- Botucatu Medical School
- São Paulo State University
- Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Mark E Oppenlander MD
- Spine Fellow
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Resident, Neurosurgery
- Barrow Neurological Institute
- Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Shyam A Patel BS
- Medical Student
- Drexel University College of
- Medicine
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Anthony M Petrizzo DO
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Hospital for Joint Diseases
- New York University Langone
- Medical Center
- New York, New York, USA
- Frank M Phillips MD
- Professor
- Director, Section of Minimally
- Invasive Spine Surgery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Rush University Medical Center
- Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Luiz Pimenta MD PhD
- Clinical Director
- Instituto de Patologia da Coluna
- São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Affiliated Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of California San Diego
- San Diego, California, USA
- Victor Popov MD
- Research Assistant
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- John C Quinn MD
- Resident
- Department of Neurosurgery
- New Jersey Medical School
- Rutgers University
- Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Jeffrey A Rihn MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Paul J Schmitt MD
- Resident
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville, Verginia, USA
- Clinical Professor
- Chief of Spinal Deformity Service
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- New York University Langone
- Medical Center
- New York, New York, USA
- Daniel M Sciubba MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Johns Hopkins University School of
- Medicine
- Baltimore Maryland, USA
- Christopher I Shaffrey MD
- Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Justin S Smith MD PhD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Jeffrey M Spivak MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Director of Spine Center
- Hospital for Joint Diseases
- New York University Langone
- Medical Center
- New York, New York, USA
- Michael CL Suryo MD
- Research Assistant
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Alexander R Vaccaro MD PhD
- Richard H Rothman Professor and
- Chairman
- Professor of Orthopedic and
- Neurological Surgery
- Co-Director
- Delaware Valley Spinal Cord Injury
- Center
- Co-Chief of Spine Surgery
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College
- Thomas Jefferson University
- President, Rothman Institute
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Emiliano Vialle MD
- Spine Surgery Group
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
- Cajuru University Hospital
- Catholic University of Paraná
- Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Rishi Wadhwa MD
- Assistant Clinical Professor
- Department of Neurosurgery
- University of California
- San Francisco
- San Francisco, California, USA
- Alp Yurter BS
- Yale University School of Medicine
Adult Degenerative Scoliosis—Coronal and Sagittal Deformities: Treatment and Management is a work of monumental proportions. The field of deformity surgery is evolving and expanding rapidly. The knowledge base is equally rapidly expanding. Hence, a book that incorporates the newest of information regarding the fundamentals and technique in an incredibly organized manner, provided by the absolute top echelon of biomechanics and clinical experts in the field, is indeed monumental.
This book provides all one needs to know, and then some, regarding adult degenerative scoliosis—from the basics to the very complex. The book begins with discussions on anatomy, pathoetiology, imaging, sagittal balance, scoliosis, natural history, and biomechanics—followed by discussions on the wide variety of nuances associated with the decision making process. The book then concludes with meticulously prepared eloquent dissertations that cover all the options pertaining to surgical management.
Overall, this book is loaded with information—I mean loaded. It is well illustrated. It is as up to date as humanly possible. It is both a reference and a comprehensive primer. The editors and the authors are, as stated, at the very top of the field. If this book is not on the shelf of all providers and researchers dealing with adult degenerative scoliosis, something is wrong—very wrong.
I close by emphasizing the true value of this book. It is an honestly presented, comprehensive, and complete text. This book is elegant in its presentation. It, in addition, presents many complex concepts and techniques in a way that simplifies, so that the complex becomes easily understandable. For such, the editors and authors are to be heartily congratulated. It is simply a ‘must have’.
Edward C Benzel
MD
Chairman
Department of Neurosurgery
Neurological Institute
Cleveland Clinic
13Preface
There are a numerous resources in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of spinal deformities. Most are directed to a specific audience such as neurologic or orthopedic surgeons. This text was developed through a combined effort from the onset of orthopedic and neurologic surgeons. The text was developed to aid the general spine surgeon in understanding and approaching difficult coronal and sagittal spinal deformities secondary to degeneration. Experts in various fields based on their clinical experience and academic proficiency were specifically asked to contribute to this book.
This book will guide readers on the choice of operative therapy for various degenerative spinal conditions. Although there are numerous spinal texts, this book is one of only a few dedicated to improving the quality of life of patients with degenerative scoliosis.
The book consists of three main sections. First, an overview of lumbar degenerative scoliosis anatomy and pathoetiology, imaging and radiographic techniques, the importance of spinal balance, conservative management, and the differences between de novo lumbar degenerative scoliosis and adult idiopathic scoliosis. The second portion gives an overview of the indications for treatment and surgical planning. The third and final section discusses the available surgical techniques with commentary on the experience of experts in the field. These last two sections are presented in a unique format and include: case presentation with images and figures, surgical principles, boxed areas with key concepts, and a conclusion that summarizes potential complications and tips to optimize management. This book serves as a key reference to any spine surgeon who manages thoracolumbar spinal deformities.
James S Harrop
MD
Alexander R Vaccaro
MD PhD
Acknowledgments15