Index

INDEX

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Page numbers followed by f refer to figures; those followed by t refer to tables.

Abdomen 37

acute 1247, 1267, 1270

cephalocaudal divisions of 652

computed tomography scan of 1247f, 2013

dorsal/ventral plane divisions of 653

ultrasound scan of 2003

Abdominal wall 836f

benign tumors of 1824

defects 393

deformities 1813

hernias 385, 1221

lift technique 173

locations of 1237f

malformation of 1816

pain 1269

tumors 1824

vessels 175

Abdominoperineal excision 1093

Abdominoplasty 134, 1941

Abruptio placentae 573

Abscess 285, 304, 1180, 1201, 1202, 1545f, 1790f

abdominal 171, 301

anorectal 1121

hepatic 1269

iliopsoas 1170

intra-abdominal 136, 670, 1145, 1168

intrahepatic 137f

ischiorectal 1122

pancreatic 674

periareolar 1623f

peridiverticular 1144

perirectal 145

pyogenic 902

retroperitoneal 2002

retropharyngeal 285, 286

splenic 1020, 1023

Absorption 1189

Acalculous cholecystitis, acute 951

Accidental wounds, acute 58, 61

Acellular dermal matrix 1612

Acetabular fractures 696

Acetaminophen 233, 895, 1753

Acetyl cholinesterase 367

Achalasia 801, 1831

treatment of 242

Acid base

complications 199

regulation 82

status 390

Acid hydrolases 90

Acidosis 510

metabolic 82, 84

Acinar adenocarcinoma 2115

Acinic cell carcinoma 1883

Acneiform nodules 1412

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 150, 195, 339

Actinic keratosis 1948, 1954

Actinomyces israelii 1153

Actinomycosis 1153

Activated clotting time 2070, 2075

Adamantinoma 1977

Addisonian crisis 1652

Adenitis, mesenteric 401

Adenocarcinoma 846, 85–859, 1073f, 1217, 1883, 2115

fetal 2115

hepatocellular 322

papillary 2115

Adenoid cystic carcinoma 1882, 1882f, 2115

Adenolymphoma 1881, 1887

bilateral 1881f

Adenoma 1214, 1215f

atypical 1659

detection 1070

hepatic 904

hepatocellular 1039, 1040f

histologies 1072f

management 1071

prevention 1073

toxic 1636

tubular 1072f

Adenomatous hyperplasia, atypical 2115

Adenomyosis 954

Adenosine

dinucleotide 49

diphosphate 88, 90

triphosphate 90

Adenosis, sclerosing 1540

Adjuvant therapy 998, 1097, 1586, 1963

Adnexal

carcinoma, microcystic 1948

mass 2002

torsion 1284

Adrenal glands 1664

venous drainage of 1664f

Adrenal incidentaloma 1675

Adrenal surgery 1663

Adrenal tumor

markers 1991

metastatic 1672

Adrenal vein sampling 1669

Adrenalectomy, laparoscopic 1670, 1674, 1676

Adrenaline 432

Adrenocortical carcinoma 1671

staging of 1671t

Adrenocorticotropic hormone 1670

Adult respiratory distress syndrome 980

Advanced trauma life support 570, 592, 731

Advancement flaps 1064, 1126, 1935f

Aflatoxins 905

Air plethysmograms 1432f

Airway 416, 574

artificial 526

breathing, circulation 593

compromise 1807

disease, obstructive 471

injury 593

maintenance 224

management 525

maneuvers 525

pressure release ventilation 473

stenting 1803

Alcohol 233, 1087, 1555

abuse 195

Aldosteronoma 24

Alemtuzumab 1716

Alimentary tract 322

Alkaline reflux gastritis 821

Alkalosis, metabolic 82, 83

Allen's test 2069

Allergic anaphylaxis 228

Allison's technique 786

Allograft rejection

cellular pathways of 1705

chronic 1708, 1749

Allorecognition, pathways of 1705f

Alopecia 1714

Alveolar adenoma 2114

Amaurosis fugax 1401

Ambulatory venous pressure 1433

Amebic colitis 1154

treatment of 153

American Academy of Pediatrics 389

American Association for Surgery of Trauma 644, 671, 671t

American Association of Neurological Surgeons 622

American Board of Surgery 389

American College of Cardiology 490

American College of Chest Physicians 492

American College of Graduate Medical Education 389

American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 2054

American College of Physicians 303

American College of Rheumatology 1407

American College of Surgeons Oncology Group 1582

American Heart Association 490

American Joint Committee on Cancer 321, 1566, 1571t, 1856

American Society of Anesthesiologists 13, 14t, 369

American Thoracic Society 2115, 2118f

American Thyroid Association 1636, 1694

Amikacin 136

Aminoglycosides 26, 136, 154, 505

Aminomethane 84

Ammonia 887, 894

Amnotic fluid embolism 99

Amphotericin B 505

Ampicillin 136

Ampulla of Vater 244, 971, 982, 1841

Ampulla, carcinoma of 1001

Amputation 1473

management 558

traumatic 561f

Amyloid 1549

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 777

Anal

canal 1103

adenocarcinoma of 1135

tumors 1134

disease 1136

fissure 1121f, 1137

fistula 1063f, 1119, 1123, 1126, 1137

intraepithelial neoplasia 1131

margin tumors 1133

muscles 1104

neoplasia 1132, 1138

papilla, hypertrophic 1120

region, tumors of 1136

sphincter

dysfunction, external 1106

external 1104, 1107f

internal 1104

warts 1131

Analgesia 733

multimodal 234

postoperative 230, 232t

spinal 233, 234

Anaphylaxis 228

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 1639

Anemia 21, 119, 195, 199, 220, 222, 821, 876, 1017

aplastic 195

hemolytic 195, 1020

Anesthesia 217, 225, 2072

epidural 225

general 379

local 379

regional 225, 379

techniques 223

Aneurysm 285

intracranial 284

Aneurysmal disease 1353

treatment of 1362

Angina 25

unstable 2094

Angiodysplasia 1262f, 1263

Angiogenesis 50

Angiolipoma 1948, 1953

Angioliposarcoma 1948

Angiomas 2134

Angiomyolipoma 2056

Angio-osteohypertrophy 1454

Angiosarcoma 1948, 1952, 2115

Angiotensin converting enzyme 1315

inhibitors 25, 223

Aniridia 1849

Ankle brachial index 711, 714, 1384f, 1408

Ankylosing spondylitis 1197

Annular carcinoma, barium enema appearance of 1089f

Annuloaortic ectasia 1401

Anogenital warts, management of 152

Anomalous pancreatobiliary ductal

junction 976

Anopheles 341

Anorchia 2039

Anorectal mucosa, preservation of 1051

Anorexia 1176

Anoscopy 1260

Anovaginal fistula 1126

causes of 1126

Antacid 819

therapy 83

Anti-adhesion measures 1299

Antibiotics 123, 223, 735, 819

prophylaxis 243, 1026, 1819

therapy 135

Antibody

desensitization 1717

induced platelet dysfunction 102

removal techniques 1717

therapy 1758

Anticardiolipin antibodies 103

Anticoagulants 220, 223

Anticoagulation, complications of 1438

Antidiabetic drugs 223

Antidiuretic hormone 68

Anti-Epstein-Barr virus gamma globulin therapy 1778

Antigenic high-molecular-weight glycoprotein 322

Anti-Helicobacter pylori regimens 820

Antinuclear cytoplasmic antibodies 1047

Antiphospholipid antibodies 104

Antiplatelet drugs 22, 120

Antithrombin 94

deficiency 103, 104

Antithymocyte globulin 1716

Antithyroid drugs 1636

Antrectomy 827

Anuria 1652

Anus, abdominoperineal

excision of 1135

Anxiety 868, 1652

Aorta 582, 1353, 1490, 2085

abdominal 765f, 1358, 1364, 1367, 1729f

ascending 1729f

atherosclerotic 303f

coarctation of 24, 2083, 2088f

ectatic 1213f

resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of 546, 546f

segments of 1519f

supraceliac 1521f

thoracic 1362, 1366

thoracoabdominal 1363

Aortic allograft 2107f

Aortic aneurysm 99, 195, 1320, 1514f

abdominal 287, 295, 379, 1271, 1284, 1321, 1354, 1354f, 1358f, 1359, 1360f, 1362f, 1490, 1514f–1516f, 1518f

repair 1366, 1517f

Aortic arch 69, 772f, 852f, 1329f, 1353

Aortic bifurcation 1382

Aortic control, temporal 546

Aortic disruption 533

Aortic dissection 1328f, 1519, 1519f–1521f

flap 1330f

Aortic exposure 1518f

Aortic inflow cannula 2076

Aortic injury 287, 533

Aortic insufficiency 2103

surgery 2108

Aortic lesion, abdominal 1401

Aortic obstruction 1797

Aortic regurgitation 1401

Aortic stenosis 2088f, 2103

surgery 2107

Aortic surgery 197, 201, 221

Aortic tear 288

Aortic trauma 287

Aortic valve 2101, 2102, 2107

disease 2102

replacement 2076, 2098, 2110

sparing procedures 2110

surgery 2110

Aortic wall elastin, depletion of 1320

Aortobifemoral bypass 1387f

Aortobiliac prosthetic graft 1516f

Aortocaval fistula 711f

Aortofemoral bypass grafting 1386

Aortoiliac endarterectomy 1386

Aortorenal endarterectomy 1417

Aphthous ulceration 1046f

Apocrine cylindromas 1951

Apoptosis 1813

Appendectomy 903, 1178

laparoscopic 1178

Appendicitis 295, 301, 301f, 393, 400, 401, 1176t, 1177, 1180, 1273, 1283, 1836

acute 1175, 1177f, 1243, 1268, 1269, 1277

Appendix

epithelial tumors of 1182

nonsurgical treatment of 1180

treatment of 1837

tumors of 1181

Appetite, loss of 1788

Aqueductal stenosis 1797

Arginine 450, 452

vasopressin receptor 427

Argon plasma coagulation 240, 242

Arrhythmias 24, 27, 175, 195, 1728, 2080

Arterial disease, nonatherosclerotic 1397

Arterial injuries, prevention of 41

Arterial trauma, types of 707f

Arteries 1313

intracranial 1326

peripheral 1326

Arteriosclerosis, renovascular 1416

Arteriosclerotic renal artery

disease 1416, 1417

stenosis 1417f

Arteriovenous fistula, complications of 1743t

Arteriovenous malformations, transcatheter embolization of 1470f

Arteritis 1349, 1549

Artery

Aneurysm

femoral 1374, 1376f

splenic 1020, 1024, 1369, 1370

biopsy, temporal 1399

femoral 1742

injection, splenic 925f

radial 1742

Arthrography 308

Arthroplasty 134

Ascariasis 354

Ascaris lumbricoides 346, 354

Ascites 17, 99, 924, 934

pancreatic 988

Ascorbic acid 448

Aspartate transaminase 894

Aspergillus fumigatus 148

Aspiration 481

acute 142f

embolectomy 1496

technique of 1496f

pneumonia 141, 288

Asplenia 1015

Asthma 18, 83, 288, 868

Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, management of 1345

Ataxia 1347, 1652

telangiectasia 1558

Atelectasis 19, 199, 480, 2127

Atheroembolism, causes of 1490f

Atherosclerosis 1318, 1318f, 1382t, 1397, 1408

immune nature of 1318

Atherosclerotic peripheral arterial occlusive disease 1381

Atlanto-occipital dislocation 623

Atlas fractures 624

Atresia 393, 1019, 2087

duodenal 394, 396, 396f, 1832

esophageal 395, 1787, 1829, 1830f

intestinal 394, 1205, 1818

tracheal 1797

tracheoesophageal 1829

Atrial fibrillation 25, 365, 1490

Atrial septal defect 2083, 2089, 2089f

Atrioventricular canal defect 2083, 2090

Atrophy, tubular 1709f

Atropine 171

Auditory dysfunction 1347

Auditory meatus, external 1897

Autoimmune sialadenitis 1879, 1884

Automated peritoneal dialysis 1744

Autonomic neurologic disorders 840

Autosomal dominant inheritance 1955

Axilla, management of 1582

Axillary artery 582, 721

Axillary freckles 1953

Axillary lymph node 1601f

dissection 1583

Axillary metastasis 1583t

Axillary subclavian vein thrombosis, acute 1440

Axillofemoral bypass grafting 1386, 1387f

Axis fractures 626

Azathioprine 1048, 1713

Aztreonam 136, 154

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin 2018

Back pain 307, 868

Bacterial colitis 1153

Bacterial endocarditis 199, 1438

subacute 1018

Bacterial infections 145, 350

Bacterial peritonitis, acute 136t

Bacterial sepsis 116

Bacteriuria 2053

Bacteroides fragilis 23, 125, 136 155, 1122

Balanitis xerotica obliterans 1997, 2028

Balloon angioplasty 1739f

percutaneous 1390

Balloon dilatation devices 239

Balloon tamponade 932, 1258

Band keratopathy 1652

Band ligation 1118

Bariatric surgery 880

Barotrauma 471

Barrett's epithelium 846

Barrett's esophagus 240, 241f, 242, 796–798, 846, 885

Barrett's mucosa 797f

Basal cell

adenocarcinoma 1883

carcinoma 1133, 1948, 1949, 1956

papilloma 1948, 1951

Basaloid carcinoma 2115

scrotum 2050f

Baseline pulmonary function 478

Basiliximab 1716

Beck's triad of elevated venous pressure 763

Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome 1813, 1814f, 1849, 1860

Beetroot consumption 1988

Behcet's disease 1208, 1411

Bernard-Soulier syndrome 101, 102

Beta-lactam

antibiotics 102, 153f

ring 153f

Bevacizumab 2016

Bichloroacetic acid 152

Bicuspid atrioventricular mitral valve 2100f

Bier's block 225

Bile acids 816

Bile duct 246, 940, 1032f, 1839

carcinoma of 1002

exploration 244

extrahepatic 941f

fistula 670

injury 244, 957f

management of 956

stones 244

Bile leak 244

Bile reflux 830

Biliary adenoma 904

Biliary atresia 393, 893, 943, 1840

Biliary bypass 903

Biliary cannulation 246

Biliary cirrhosis 989, 1019, 1752

Biliary dilatation 298f

Biliary injury 1031

extrahepatic 665

Biliary leak 1758

Biliary obstruction 297, 958

Biliary pancreatitis 244, 950

Biliary reconstruction 1756

Biliary scintigraphy 973

Biliary stones 250

Biliary stricture 246

benign 244, 955

causes of 958

Biliary system, tumors of 903

Biliary tract 197, 964, 1839

congenital anomalies of 943

development of 939

Biliary tree

anatomy of 941

surgical anatomy of 939

Biliopancreatic diversion 875, 875f, 876t

Bilirubin 924, 1787, 1989

Biopsy 323, 900, 1062, 1536, 1657, 1896, 1970

pancreatic 975

rates, benign 1576

Biotin 448

Bipolar electrocautery 43

Birth asphyxia 339

Birth trauma 339

Bismuth classification 956

Bismuth subsalicylate 820

Bisphosphonates 1589

intravenous 1630

Black blood technique 1329

Bladder

cancer 304, 2018, 2020f

drainage 1767

injury 174, 681, 2061

outflow obstruction 1748

rupture 304

tumor

antigen 1990

transurethral resection of 2020, 2021f

Blast injury 560f, 561

Blast lung 561f

Bleeding 245, 252, 834, 1438, 1768, 1788, 1795, 2126

adenomas, management of 1039

disorder 220

gastric ulcer, treatment of 1255f

peptic ulcer 1252

postoperative 878, 880, 2078

time 101

varices 1020

Blood

agar culture plate 143f

coagulation 87

flow 1337

aortic augmentation of 1314f

gas, arterial 733

glucose 980, 1003

loss 113, 119

anemia 195

pressure 418, 435, 1415, 2072, 2079

arterial 2078

systemic 1415

products 529

stream infection 144f, 199

substitutes 114

tests 464, 1272, 1454, 1492, 1990

transfusion 108

classes of 110

intraoperative 111f

multiple 23

types 108

urea nitrogen 367

concentration 479

vessels 103, 1313

pathogenesis of 1318

volume 21, 1787

Bloody purulent mucus 1045

Blue nevus 1948, 1951

Blue toe syndrome 1383, 1383f

Blunt

abdominal injury 534

arterial injuries 708f

cardiac trauma 641

chest trauma 287

neck trauma 591

management of 592

signs and symptoms of 591

thoracic trauma 576f

trauma 413, 603, 707, 717, 761

traumatic aortic injuries 644

Blurred vision 1401

Boari flap 2059

Boari tubularization 683f

Bochdalek's hernia 398f, 1808

Body mass index 16, 381, 868, 1561, 1764, 1783

Boerhaave's syndrome 808, 809

Bone 322

biopsy, percutaneous 306, 307f

disease 842

fractures 1400

malignant tumors of 1967

mineral density 1653, 1682

morphogenic proteins 54

pain 842, 1652

tumors 1970

malignant 1967, 1971

Bony fracture, palpable 531

Botulinum toxin injection 804

Bovine arch 1335

Bowel

dilatation 675

disease, inflammatory 195, 215, 391, 393, 402, 1070, 1105, 1412, 1788, 1844

interstitial herniation of 1241f

ischemia 302

obstruction 1273, 1795

perforation 295

preparation issues 252

preservation 1061

sounds, absence of 438

sphincters, artificial 1112

wall edema 504

Bowen's disease 1133, 1139, 1947, 1948, 1954, 2028

Bowenoid papulosis 1133

Boyd's amputation 1478

Brachial artery 582, 1742

Brachial blood pressure 1401

Brachial embolectomy 1498

Brachial plexus 2122f

Brachiobasilic fistula 1742

Brachiocephalic fistula 1742, 1743f

Bradyarrhythmias 175

Bradykinin, production of 116

Brain

injury, traumatic 560f, 603

tissue oxygen monitoring 612

tumors 284

Brainstem death 1725t

Branchial cleft cysts 1897

Breast 291, 322, 1273, 1558, 1589, 1652

abscess 145

anatomy of 1533

biopsies 134, 1561

cancer 292f, 293f, 339, 383, 868, 1538t, 1540f, 1541f, 1553, 1554f–1557f, 1558, 1558t, 1559f, 1561, 1566, 1570t, 1576, 1579, 1593, 1593t, 1594, 1594f, 1595, 1599, 1600t, 1601f, 1605, 1609

bilateral 1561

classification of 1565

development 1555t

genes 1556, 1559

inflammatory 1544f, 1597, 1597f, 1598f

metastasis, membranes of 322

metastatic 1598, 1981f

mortality 1588f

screening 292, 294t, 1571

staging of 1565, 1569

ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of 293f

conserving surgery 1579, 1580

density 1561

disease 1533, 1535, 1629

benign 1533, 1541f, 1554

feeding 1561

hematoma 1548

infection 1543, 1546

lesion, biopsy of 292

lumps, benign 1539

malignancy 1541f

masses 1801

pain 1538

radiotherapy 1585

reconstruction 134, 1610, 1616

timing of 1610

reduction 1941

screening 1573

self-examination 1571

superior portion of 1601f

surgery 221

Breath, shortness of 287, 288

Brit-Hogg-Dube syndrome 2011

British Association of Dermatologists 1956

British Pharmacopoeia System 41

Bronchiectasis 1804

Bronchoalveolar burn 738

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma 2115

Bronchitis

acute 18

chronic 18

Bronchoalveolar lavage methods 140

Bronchoscopy 849

Brown tumor 1652f

Brown-Séquard syndrome 621

Brucellosis 1459, 2044

Brugia malayi 354, 1452

Brugia timori 354, 1452

Brush border 1189f

Budd-Chiari syndrome 893, 935, 936, 1019, 1752

causes of 935t

management of 936

Buerger's disease 1406, 1407, 1408t, 1409f, 1434

Bulbar palsy 777

Bulging leiomyoma 865f

Bundle of His 2101

Buprenorphine 232

Burkitt's lymphoma 347

Burns 99, 134, 729

cause 730

chemical 737

injuries 730

types of 735

wound, closure of 739

Burst fracture 630, 628

unstable 699, 702f

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor 1131, 2028

Bypass graft occlusion 1490

C reactive protein 757

Café au lait spots 1953

Calcineurin inhibitor 1713, 1714

nephrotoxicity 1748, 1749

Calcinosis 1403

Calcium 74, 90

antagonists 2003

channel blockers 25

metabolism 1787

oxalate

dihydrate 1990

monohydrate 1990

sensing receptors 1650

Calf

soleal veins of 1435

vein thrombosis 1437

Calot's triangle 952, 1031, 1032

Campylobacter jejuni infection 1207

Cancer 195, 215, 307, 329, 332, 347, 516, 859, 1020, 1056, 1291

cells 314, 315, 1565

colonic 1092

detection rates 1576

endometrial 304, 868

esophageal 240, 385, 845, 847, 847f, 848f, 858f, 868

gastric 830

hematopoietic 195

invasion 320

management, principles of 321

molecular basis of 312

operation, abdominal 23

pancreatic 249, 995f, 1273

pulmonary 339

rectal 249, 339, 1085f, 1091, 1091t, 1093, 1095t, 1096

retromolar 1915f

scrotal 2050

six hallmarks of 315f

staging, esophageal 847

testicular 2032, 2034f, 2045

tubular 1568

types of 857, 858, 859

urologic 2011

Cancrum oris 348

Candida albicans 147, 1132, 1168, 1719, 1990

infections 147, 199

Cantlie's line 941

Capillary nevi 1454

Capsular tears 1020

Carbapenems 154

Carbohydrate 1190

antigen 994, 1090

Carbon dioxide 170, 420

excretion of 458

insufflation 172

laser ablation 1131

pneumoperitoneum 170t

Carbon monoxide 738, 2141

Carboxypeptidase 1190

Carcinoembryonic antigen 322, 324, 326, 994, 1090, 1639, 1687, 1858

Carcinoid 322, 1136, 1217

atypical 2115

tumors 1098, 1098f, 1216, 1217, 2115

intestinal 1217

Carcinoma 843, 993, 1020, 1135, 1883

adenosquamous 2115

hepatocellular 868, 905

in situ 850, 1569

invasive 1572

metastatic 1883, 1889

mucinous 2115

mucoepidermoid 1881, 1882f, 2115

penis 2028, 2030f

Carcinosarcoma 2115

Cardiac dysfunction, pathogenesis of 488

Cardiac output syndrome 2079

Cardiac surgery

complications of 2078

principles of 2069

Cardioplegia 2074, 2076

delivery system 2073f

Cardiopulmonary

bypass 102, 2069, 2073, 2076t, 2085

resuscitation 638, 737

Cardiorenal syndrome 505

classification of 506

Cardiothoracic surgery 349

Cardiovascular disease 220, 365

Cardiovascular system 426f

Carney's complex 1670

Caroli's disease 944f

Carotenoids 450

Carotid arteriogram 1339f

Carotid artery 582, 590, 1325, 1335, 1893

aneurysms, extracranial 1349

angioplasty 1345

atherosclerotic disease of 1339

atherosclerotic plaque 1338f

disease 1343

duplex imaging 1339f

endarterectomy 1340

complications of 1342

external 590

injuries, management of 597

internal 590, 1335

occlusion, internal 1338f

operation 1336f

stenosis 1340, 1344

symptoms 1343

Carotid body tumors 1349, 1901

Carotid bruit 285, 287

Carotid endarterectomy 201, 203f, 221, 1338f, 1340, 1341f, 1527, 1643

Carotid pseudoaneurysm 1527

management of 1527

Carotid sinus 69

Carotodynia 1401

Carpentier's functional classification 2105f

Carpentier's ring 2109f

Carrel patch 1376

Carrier protein liver cell 322

Cataract surgery 221

Catastrophic injury 558

Catecholamine production, pathway of 1667

Catheter

angiography 1493

collection 1987

directed thrombolysis 1437, 1494, 1525, 1526

Catheterization

technique of 1999

types of 1999

Cattell maneuver 543f

Cattell-Braasch maneuver 668, 668f

Caustic injuries 796t

Cavernous hemangioma 1465f

C-cell hyperplasia 1687

Cefotetan 136

Ceftaroline 133

Celiac artery 1354, 1503

aneurysms 1373

Celiac disease 1209, 1218

Cell

chemotaxis of 49

damage 738

injury 737

Cellular rejection, acute 1759f

Cellulitis 130

Central compartment

dissection of 1694f

lymph node dissection 1644

Central cord syndrome 620

Central nervous system 26, 82, 99, 231, 285, 364, 417

Central omphalocele 1816

Central perforation 671

Central sensitization 229

Central venous

access 262, 266, 407, 407f

cannulation 268f

catheters 28, 391

complications of 273

percutaneous 1742

pressure 170, 418, 430, 434

Centrilobular congestion 936

Cephalic vein 1742, 1743f

Cephalosporins 154, 505

Cerebral artery 1336

anterior 1336

posterior 1336

Cerebral blood

flow 605, 1110, 1337

volume 611

Cerebral contusion 605, 606

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome 1342

Cerebral ischemia 1342

Cerebral perfusion pressure 575, 605

augmentation 612

Cerebrospinal fluid 225, 283, 607, 610

fistulas 612

Cerebrovascular accidents 199, 777

Cerebrovascular disease 195, 371, 1335, 1481

Cerebrovascular pathologies 1348

Cervical cancer 304

Cervical carotid artery anatomy 1336f

Cervical discectomy 1643

Cervical disease 1851

Cervical facet dislocation 629f

Cervical fascia 590

Cervical incision 1886f

Cervical lymph node 1894

compartments 1645f

Cervical spine 617

injury 532, 558, 622

severity score 630

radiography 621

trauma 307

Cervical thymectomy 1683

Chagas' disease 118, 349, 1155

Charles' operation 1454f

Charlson comorbidity index 370, 371, 371t

Chediak-Higashi syndrome 102

Chemodectoma 2114

Chemoembolization 909

Chemoradiotherapy 862

Chemotherapy 57, 330, 505, 862, 909, 1587, 1963

plus transplant 909

regional 915

Chest 203f, 286, 553

empyema of 145

pain 287, 288

acute 287

chronic 287

percutaneous needle biopsy of 290

trauma 540

tube placement 2127f

wall anomalies 1799

wall deformity 635

wall pain 1539

Chickenpox 149, 1719

Childhood ovarian germ cell tumors 1859t

Child-Pugh classification 924t

Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification 179

Chlamydia trachomatis 1141

Chlamydial proctitis 1140

Chlorhexidine gluconate 39

Choke vessels 1944

Cholangiocarcinoma 244, 962–964, 1754

intrahepatic 915f

Cholangioendoscopy 965

Cholangiography 899

Cholangiopancreatography 947

Cholangitis 245, 1759

acute 950, 961

sclerosing 244, 961, 989, 1057, 1752

Cholecystectomy 952, 953, 965, 986f

laparoscopic 952, 953, 953f, 1031

retrograde 952

Cholecystenteric fistula 946

Cholecystitis 245, 296, 386, 393

acute 295, 947, 947f, 952, 953, 1269, 1273

chronic 295, 949, 952

complications of 950

Cholecystokinin 972

Cholecystostomy 297

percutaneous 297f

tube, percutaneous 949f

Choledochal cyst 393, 943, 944f, 1840, 1841

congenital 964

Choledocholithiasis 246, 893, 949

Cholelithiasis 393, 868, 945, 954, 1268

Cholesterol cleft 1383f

Chondroma 2115

Chondrosarcoma 1974, 1975f

Chopart amputation 1477

Chordae tendineae 2100f, 2101

Chordoma 1977

Choriocarcinoma 2032

Churg-Strauss syndrome 1404–1406,

Chvostek's sign 75, 76

Chyle leakage 1905

Chylothorax 858, 1459

Chylous reflux 1459

Cimetidine 819

Ciprofloxacin 136, 1273

Circle of Willis 595

Circuit, types of 736

Circulation 416, 528

Circumflex coronary artery 2101f

Cirrhosis 15, 179, 506, 895, 896, 918, 951, 1550

alcoholic 1019

hepatic 195

posthepatic 1019, 1752

Cirrhotic liver, nodular appearance of 896f

Clara cell adenoma 2114

Clarithromycin 819

Claudication 1384

Clear cell

adenocarcinoma 2115

carcinoma 2115

sarcoma 1980

Clindamycin 133, 136, 155

Clonorchis sinensis 346, 964

Cloquet's lymph node 2030

Clostridium difficile 36, 199, 1153

infection 144, 199

Clostridium perfringens 131, 951, 2049

Clostridium septicum 131

Clostridium sordellii 131

Clostridium tetani 350

Clot formation 90, 97

Coagulation

cascade model of 88, 89f, 89t, 91

disorders, management of 22

model of 91, 92f

tests 20

Cobblestone appearance 1193f

Cocaine 99

Coexisting medical disease, management of 219

Cogan's syndrome 1413

Cold

abscess 1459

injury 747, 751

nonfreezing 752

peripheral 752f

ischemia time 1734

machine perfusion 1734

Colectomy 1060

abdominal 1078

segmental 1061

types of 1093f

Colitis 1044, 1046f

chronic 1045, 1047f

cystica profunda 1116

ischemic 295

Collagen 96

metabolism 52

promotes platelet aggregation 88

synthesis 50, 52t

vascular disease 195

Collar graft patency 1739f

Colloid nodules 1900

Colocutaneous fistulas 1146

Coloenteric fistulas 1146

Colon

and rectal tumors, TNM classification of 1088t

cancer 295, 315

types of 1093

injury 676

obstruction 295

resection 203, 206f

surgery 23

Colonic distension, acute 300

Colonic diverticulosis, anatomy of 1144f

Colonoscopy 255t, 295, 1072, 1200, 1260

complications of 252

procedures 237, 251

Colorectal cancer 302, 384, 868, 913, 1085, 1087, 1088t, 1089f, 1097

management of 1090

metastatic 1160f

Colorectal conditions, inflammatory 1041

Colorectal infections 1153

Colorectal liver metastases 913f, 1159

Colorectal lymphoma 1098

Colorectal polyps 1069, 1074

Colorectal resection 201

Colorectal stromal tumors 1098

Colorectum 322

Coma 1652

Combat injuries 559

Compartment syndrome 558, 1425

abdominal 504, 505f, 551, 551t, 1333, 1334

Complex fistulas, management of 1065

Complex pilonidal disease 1130

Compression 630

abnormalities 1799

fractures 628

Congenital anomalies, multiple 1787

Congenital heart defects, types of 2083t

Congenital nevi 1951

Congestive heart failure 17f, 27, 195, 199, 287, 288, 371, 1469, 2086

Conjoined twins, classification of 1825t, 1826f

Conn's syndrome 1667, 1678

Connective tissue disease 371

Constipation 1652

Constrictive pericarditis 287

Continent ileostomy 1050f

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis 1744

Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration 510, 511f, 512

Continuous positive airway pressure 472, 477

Continuous venovenous

hemodialysis 510

hemofiltration 510, 512

Contusion, pulmonary 482, 636

Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting 2096

Cooper's ligament 1822

Copper 167, 448

Cord injury 630

Cord syndrome

anterior 620

posterior 621

Core biopsy 1535

Coronary artery bypass 197, 2096

grafting 201, 203, 364f, 496, 2069, 2076, 2096

Coronary artery disease 24, 288, 412f

complications of 2098

extent of 2095

Coronary artery

lesion 1401

stenosis 2094

surgery study 2099

Coronary ischemia 287, 288

Coronary revascularization 2097

Coronary sinus 2089

Coronary vein 1256f

Corrigan's pulse 2104

Corticosteroids 1060, 1713, 1715, 1758, 2004

therapy 57, 1047

Corticotropin-releasing hormone 1665

Corynebacterium acne 39

Cosmetic sequelae 1469

Cough 288, 2145f

Courvoisier's law 950

Cowden syndrome 1557

Coxsackie A and B 1879

Cranial nerve

dysfunction 1347

palsy 1347

Cranial neuropathy 285

Craniocaudal mammogram 1572f

Craniocervical junction 622

Craniotomy 197

Crawford classification 1358f

C-reactive protein 446, 1243, 1273, 1398, 1399, 1410

Creatine kinase brain isoenzyme 322

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 118

Crohn's abscesses 1123

Crohn's colitis 1059, 1059f, 1060

Crohn's disease 215, 295, 299, 402, 1043, 1044, 1056, 1058–1062, 1063f, 1064f, 1065, 1065t, 1123–1128, 1141, 1150, 1152, 1191, 1194–1203, 1205, 1207, 1208, 1217, 1283, 1292, 1299, 1773, 1845

Crohn's fistulas 1127

Crohn's ileitis 1178

Crohn's sepsis 1128

Crow's foot 814

Cryotherapy 152, 907

Crypt abscess granuloma 1044f

Cullen's sign 978, 1272

Curling's ulcers 831

Cushing's disease 24, 1670

Cushing's syndrome 285, 1669–1671, 1674, 1678

Cushing's ulcers 26, 831

Cutaneous filariasis 353

Cutaneous leishmaniasis 353f

Cutaneous lymphangioma 1459

Cyanide 738

Cyanocobalamin 448

Cyanosis 176

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 432

Cyclic edema, idiopathic 1453

Cyclical breast pain 1539

Cyclosporine 505, 1048, 1713

Cylindroma 1948

Cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous 2115

Cystectomy, radical 2023f

Cystic adenomatoid

malformation

congenital 1805, 1809f

of lung 1797

Cystic airway malformation, congenital 397

Cystic artery 943f

Cystic dilatation 1001f

Cystic duct 942f

leakage of 956

Cystic fibrosis 83, 1788, 1803, 1831

Cystic hygroma 1459, 1807

Cystic neoplasm 249

mucinous 999, 1000f

Cystic pulmonary airway malformations 394

Cystine 1990

Cystitis 304, 2053

Cystogastrostomy 1008

Cystometrography 1995

Cystoprostatectomy, radical 2022f

Cysts

bronchogenic 1807

congenital 2134

epididymal 2045

hemorrhagic 1900

mesenteric 1460

omphalomesenteric 1815

palpable 1539

parapelvic 2002

pericardial 2134

splenic 1023

squamous epithelium of 1024f

thymic 1807, 2134

wall 153f

Cytokine 54

Cytomegalovirus 104, 118, 149, 150, 1018, 1718

disease 1777

infection 118, 1138

Cytoreduction surgery 1170

Cytotoxic T cells 1706

Dancing eye syndrome 1852

Daptomycin 133

Daughter cysts 901f

De Quervain's thyroiditis 1637

DeBakey classification system 1520f

Debris, embolization of 1342

Decompression 927, 928, 932

gastric 175

Decubitus ulcer 199

prevention of 41

Deep central liver injuries 551

Deep cervical fascia 591f

Deep inferior epigastric artery

perforator flap 1618

Deep neck

anatomy 547f

infections 1898

Deep partial thickness 732, 739, 740, 741f

Deep vein 1430

thrombosis 23t, 1410, 1435, 1437, 1483

Dehydration 252

Dehydroepiandrosterone 1666

Dehydrogenase 322

Delorme's procedure 1115

Dementia 371, 1652

diseases 339

Dense body granules 90

Dense fibrin matrix 128f

Denys-Drash and Wilms' tumor 1849

Deoxyribonuclease 287

Deoxyribonucleic acid 1681, 1852

Depression 195, 372, 868, 1652

Dermatitis, peristomal 1055

Dermatofibroma 1948, 1950

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans 1948

Dermis 1948

Dermoid cyst 1948, 1950

Desmoid tumors 1079, 1825

Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia 1998

Diabetes 14, 195, 412f, 1408, 1714, 1741

insipidus 1727, 1988

mellitus 57, 195, 220, 222, 339, 840, 868, 1381, 1382, 1400, 1476f, 1481, 1727, 1763

Diabetic crisis 1273

Diabetic foot ulcers 63

Diabetic ketoacidosis 73

Diabetic mastopathy 1548

Dialysis 1741, 1742

access, temporal 265

catheter, temporal 266f

Diaphragm dysfunction 463

Diaphragmatic hernia 398f, 1797, 1808

congenital 390, 393, 396, 1805, 1808, 1809f

Diaphragmatic injuries 645, 647f

Diaphragmatic liver herniation, traumatic 585

Diarrhea 839

postvagotomy 821

Diarrheal disease 339

Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid 1991

Digastric muscle 1893

DiGeorge syndrome 2084

Digestion 1189

Digestive enzymes, secretion of 1190

Dihydroxytestosterone 2028

Diplopia 1347

Dipyridamole 102

Disability adjusted life years 338

Discoligamentous complex 630

Disseminated intravascular coagulation 98–100, 980, 1727, 1838

Disseminated prostatic carcinoma 99

Distant metastasis 2013, 2026, 2029, 2034

Distension, chronic 300

Diverticula

duodenal 244, 245, 1209, 1210

esophageal 807

Diverticular inflammation 1210

Diverticulectomy 801f

Diverticulitis 301, 1147, 1148, 1150

acute 295, 1144, 1282

chronic 1146

colonic 516

complications of 1144

operative treatment of 1148f

Diverticulum, rupture of 252

Dizziness 1347

Dobutamine 2079

Docosahexaenoic acid 450

Dohlman's endoscopic technique 800

Donor portal vein 1776f

Donor renal artery 1746f

Dopamine 2079

Double barrel colostomy 1147

Double bubble sign 975

Double J stenting 2005

Double stapled technique 1096f

Double-stranded antinuclear antibody 1410

Down syndrome 1813

Doxycycline 133

Dracunculus medinensis 352

Drainage 661

lymphatic 774, 1534

Drill intraosseous device 261f

Dual isotope subtraction scan 1654f

Dubois formula 734

Duct

ectasia 1540

hepatic 1032f

omphalomesenteric 1814, 1815f

pancreatic 823f, 971, 987f

papillomas 1547

stones, pancreatic 244

stricture, pancreatic 244

Ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic 299

Ductal carcinoma in situ 1540, 1569, 1572f, 1589

classification of 1569t

treatment of 1584

Ductal hyperplasia, atypical 1561

Ductal injury 672

direct visualization of 671

signs of 671

Ductal stones, palpable 953

Ducts of Luschka 942

Ductus deferens 1226

Duodenal injury, healing of 669

Duodenal stump, treatment of 823f

Duodenal ulcer

operative management of 821

posterior 823f

recurrent 829

Duodenoduodenostomy 976

Duodenotomy 1686

Duodenum 814, 814f, 1186

carcinoma of 1002

closure of 823f

diverticulum 245

large postbulbar ulcer of 818f

part of 248, 970f

Dysfibrinogenemia 103, 1436

Dyslipidemia 1382

Dysmenorrhea 1039

Dysmotility, esophageal 1403

Dysphagia 783, 792, 798, 862, 988

cricopharyngeal 777

high grade 240, 885

lusoria 1335

Dysplastic disorders 102

Dysplastic nevus 1948, 1951

Dyspnea 288, 1401

Eccrine porocarcinoma 1948

Eccrine syringoma 1951

Echinococcal infection 153

Echinococcal, cysts 353

Echinococcus granulosus 901

infection 153

Echinococcus multilocularis 901

Echogenic bile sludge 951

Edema

lymphatic 2050

pulmonary 1728

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 1320, 1365

Eicosapentaenoic acid 450

Eikenella corrodens 61

Electrical burns, types of 736

Electrical injury 735

Electrocardiogram 73, 418, 524

Electromyography 1105, 1995

Embolectomy 1496

femoral 1497f

Embryonal carcinoma 2032

Emphysema 18

Emphysematous cholecystitis 951

Empyema 99, 351, 950, 1804

tube 2132

Encephalomalacia 1342

Encephalopathy 199, 924, 1259

Endoanal stapled pouch 1052f

Endobronchial ultrasound fine-needle aspiration 2119

Endocarditis 287

Endocrine neoplasia

multiple syndrome 830, 1003, 1035, 1681, 1682t, 1686, 1686f

Endocrine pancreatoduodenal tumors 1681, 1683

Endocrine therapy 1589

Endocrine tumors, nonfunctioning 1007

Endoleaks, classification of 1369t

Endometriosis 2002

Endopeptidases 1190

Endoscopic gastrostomy, percutaneous 240, 242

Endoscopic hemostasis, complications of 824

Endoscopic jejunostomy, percutaneous 242

Endoscopic necrosectomy, technique of 984f

Endoscopy 295, 777, 783, 803, 817, 925, 1045, 1059, 1251, 1276, 1788

esophageal 599

principle of 237

Endothelial cell 94, 149, 1315, 1318f

products 1315

Endothelial dysfunction 1319

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 1316

Endothelial thrombomodulin 93

Endotracheal intubation 526

Endotracheal tubes 2126f

Endovascular aneurysm repair 1360, 1515, 1518

End-stage liver disease 19, 179, 1752

End-stage renal disease 1741, 1749, 1764

Entamoeba histolytica 152, 903, 1154

infection 152

Enteral nutrition 380, 390

Enterobius vermicularis infestation 1132

Enteroclysis 1191f

Enterocolitis 134, 1150

necrotizing 389, 393, 1205, 1773, 1837, 1838

Enteroscopy procedures 237

Enterostomy tubes 299

Enzyme

cyclooxygenase 233

linked immunosorbent assay 102, 1155

role of 1321

Eosinophilic granulomatosis 1404

Epidermal cyst 1948

Epidermis 1948

Epidermolysis bullosa 1949, 1956

Epididymitis, chronic 2045

Epididymo-orchitis, acute 2044

Epidural hematoma 605, 606f

Epigastric artery flap, superficial inferior 1618

Epigastric hernia 1232, 1813

Epigastric omphalocele 1816

Epiglottitis 285

Epinephrine 90, 96, 432, 2079

Epithelial cells 1043f, 1189f

Epithelial hyperplasia 1541

Epithelial mesenchymal transition 320

Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma 2115

Epithelial tumors, malignant 2115

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma 2115

Epithelioid sarcoma 1980

Epithelium, adenomatous 1072f

Epstein-Barr virus 149, 1718

infection 118, 1778

Erysipelas 130

Erythema nodosum 1412

Erythrocyanosis frigida 1453

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 1398, 1401, 1410, 1972

Erythromycin 155, 841

Erythroplasia of Queyrat 2028

Escherichia coli 23, 125, 948, 1122, 1166, 2049, 2053

colitis 1153

Esmarch's bandage 1438

Esophageal spasm 806

Esophagectomy 859t

Esophagitis 195, 879

endoscopic classification of 783t

Esophagogastric varices, management of 927

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 1187f

Esophagogastrostomy 795

Esophagomyotomy

technique of 805f

transthoracic 805f

Esophagus 248, 771, 988, 1829

adenocarcinoma of 845, 846

benign diseases of 771

corkscrew appearance of 806f

leiomyoma of 864, 865f

lymphatic drainage of 773f

muscular layers of 773f

squamous cell carcinoma of 846

Estrogen medication 1436

Ethanol 816, 905

ablation, percutaneous 909

injection 907, 909

European Association for Endoscopic Surgery 956

European Association of Urology 2016

European Hernia Society Classification 1228

European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 1584

European Respiratory Society 2115

Eversion carotid endarterectomy 1341f

completion of 1341f

Eversion extraction transhiatal esophagectomy 854f

Ewing's sarcoma 1968, 1972, 1976, 1976f

Ex utero intrapartum procedure 1797

Excision biopsy 1911, 1951

Exomphalos 394, 1815

Exopeptidases 1190

Exophytic mass 2016f

Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas 1666f

Extracavitary minimal invasive surgery 171

Extracellular fluid 67, 68

Extracellular matrix 1314

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 102, 390, 476, 1734, 1809

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy 2005

Extragonadal tumors 1857

Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis, management of 933

Extraluminal gas 675

Extrasphincteric fistulas 1124

Extravesical ureteroneocystotomy 1747

Extremity 37, 553

amputation, principles of 566

arterial aneurysms 1373

arterial trauma, signs of 711t

compartment syndrome 719

Eyeball test 411

Facial artery 1874

Facial fracture 285, 531

Facial nerve 1875f, 1885f, 1886f, 1888f

Facial palsy 1875f

Factitial disease 1550

False aneurysm 706, 710, 718, 1355

formation 1392

Familial breast cancer, management of 1560

Fascia, perirenal 1187

Fasciitis, necrotizing 130

Fasciotomy 720f, 1426f

Fast-flow vascular malformations 1952

Fat

emulsification 1190

necrosis 1548

tumors of 1953

Fatal pulmonary embolism,

prevention of 1483

Fatigue 1652

Fecal diversion, temporal 1127

Fecal incontinence 1106

causes of 1106t

Feculent odor 175

Feeding tube placement 242

Felty's syndrome 1017, 1018, 1020

Femoral artery 582, 1355, 1388f, 1491

superficial 582, 582f, 1355

Femorocaval prosthetic graft 1445

Femorofemoral prosthetic crossover graft 1445

Femorosaphenous transposed loop 1742

Ferguson-Smith syndrome 1949, 1955

Fever 288, 1401, 1788

Fibrin 49

Fibrinogen 89

degradation products 1990

Fibrinolytic system 93, 94

Fibroadenoma 1537, 1538

Fibroblast

growth factor 54, 2024

like spindle cells 1978

Fibroepithelial polyp 2001

Fibroma 2114, 2134

Fibromatosis 1548

Fibromuscular dysplasia 1347, 1348

Fibromuscular stroma, anterior 2024f

Fibronectin 49, 88

Fibroplasia 50

medial 1418

Fibrosarcoma 1967, 1977, 1978

Fibrosis, retroperitoneal 1171

Fibrous histiocytoma 1948

malignant 1967, 1977, 1978, 1979f

Fibroxanthoma, atypical 1948

Fibula osteocutaneous flap, dissection of 1922

Fibula osteoseptocutaneous flap 1920

Filariasis 353, 354f, 1452, 2050

Fine needle aspiration 848, 1535, 1536, 1867, 1876, 1896

Finney pyloroplasty 827f

Fistula 669, 1201

anatomy of 1203

anorectal 1135

arteriovenous 706, 710, 719, 1464, 1467, 1737, 1742, 2066

bronchopleural 2129, 2145, 2145f

colovaginal 1146

colovesical 1146

diverticular 1146

enterocutaneous 215, 1203f, 1204f

horseshoe 1123

intestinal 1203

pancreatic 673f, 674

radiocephalic 1742

tracheoesophageal 393, 863, 1830

Fistulotomy 1064

Fitness, assessment of 850

Fitzpatrick classification 1954t

Flail chest 635

Flank pain, acute onset 304

Flexible endoscopy 344

Flexible retractor 167f

Flexion distraction injury 699, 700f

Floppy fundoplication 787

Florid fat necrosis 979f

Fluid

drainage, percutaneous 302

hernia 1821

management 1776

requirements 1816

resuscitation 430, 575, 733, 1819

Fluoride 448

Fluoroquinolones 156

Fluoroscopy 282

Focal ischemia 613

Focal nodular hyperplasia 904

Focal sclerosing cholangitis 244

Fogarty embolectomy catheter 1497

Foley catheter 517, 639f, 2055

Folic acid 448

Follicular neoplasm 1640

Follicular thyroid cancer 1639

Foramen of Winslow 1166

Forssmann's technique 258

Fournier's gangrene 348, 2048, 2049f, 2050

Fractional inspired oxygen 477, 2086

Fractures 134, 533

multiple 482

Frailty assessment 411

Frailty index 15

Frank-Starling curve 433f, 434, 488

Free abdominal flap 1617

breast reconstruction 1617f

Free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap 1618

Fresh frozen plasma 22, 100, 114, 563f

Frusemide 505

Fulminant colitis, acute 1045

Functional bowel disorders 1269

Fundoplication, complications of 788

Fungal

infections 147

wound management 558

Gallbladder 296, 939, 942f

and biliary tract, tumors of 961

carcinoma 244, 9962

chronic acalculous disorders of 954

congenital anomalies of 940

developmental anomalies of 940f

disease, complications of 951

distention 951

evacuation of 949f

microscopic anatomy of 941

polyps 954

stones 947

Gallstone 821, 951, 1839

classification of 944

composition 944

disease 244, 386

acute 1280

complications of 952

formation 945

ileus 950, 1292, 1292f, 1299

incidence of 944

pathophysiology of 944

Ganciclovir 151

Ganglion

cells 1843f

tumors, sympathetic 2135

Ganglioneuroblastomas 2135

Ganglioneuroma 2134, 2135

Gardners' syndrome 1952

Gastrectomy 1020

Gastric atony 821, 839

Gastric banding 875, 879

Gastric outlet obstruction 821, 822, 822f, 830

Gastrinoma 1004, 1005f, 1216, 1682

Gastritis, chronic 833

Gastroduodenal

arterial complex 825f

artery 825f, 941f, 1766f

mucosal integrity 816

tumors 1079

Gastroesophageal

disease 868

junction 809, 850

reflux 242, 295, 776, 780, 784t, 1831

varices, development of 1256f

Gastrografin enema 517

Gastrografin swallow 295

Gastrointestinal

bleeding 1249, 1263, 1369, 1400

contrast extravasation 675

decompression 1819

endoscopy procedures 242t

fistula 215

function 1816

hemorrhage 302, 1249, 1438

loss 83

polyps 1845

stromal tumor 249, 847, 1216, 1216f

system 294, 366

tract 70, 560f, 796, 972, 1166

operations 364f

tuberculosis 351

Gastrojejunal ulcers 879

Gastrojejunostomy stricture 878

Gastroschisis 393, 395, 1773, 1816, 1818, 1818f

bowel 1818f

defect, treatment of 1819f

Gastrostomies 835, 836

endoscopic 238

percutaneous 30f, 299, 836

Gaucher's disease 1017

Genital herpes 149

Genital human papilloma virus 1955

Genital lymphedema 1458, 1458f

Genitalia, lymphedema of 354f, 1458

Genitourinary anomalies 1849

Genitourinary tract 303

tuberculosis of 2045f

Gentamicin 136

Geriatric Depression Assessment Scale 372, 373t

Geriatric surgery 363

principles of 369

Geriatric trauma 382

Germ cell

neoplasia, intratubular 2033

origin 322

tumors 1808, 1857, 2032, 2134, 2136

extracranial 1857

nonseminomatous 2035

stage-wise treatment of 2035t

testicular 1859

types of 2032

Gerota's fascia 1187, 2013

Giacomini, vein of 1430

Giant

cell

arteritis 1397, 1398

carcinoma 2115

vasculitis 1397

condyloma acuminata 2028

congenital nevus 1948

fibroadenoma 1538f

omphalocele 1818f

management of 1818f

Giardia lamblia 964

Gigli saw 641

Gilbert's disease 893

Gingival hyperplasia 1714, 1715f

Gland, complete transection of 671

Glansectomy 2030

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia 102

Glasgow Coma Scale 403, 416, 416t, 417, 524, 524t, 570, 607, 607t

Glioma 1558

Glomerular filtration rate 367, 499, 1741, 1991

Glomerulonephritis 1741

Glomus tumor 1948, 1952, 2114

Glomus vagale 1901

Glucagon 972

Glucagonoma 1006

Glucose 422, 1787, 1989

management 27

Glutamine 450

Gluteal hernia 1234

Glycemia 422

Glycogen storage disease 1752

Glycolytic isoenzyme 322

Glycopeptides 155

Glycoprotein 322

Glycosaminoglycans 53

Goiter

multinodular 1635

toxic 1636

Goldenhar's syndrome 2084

Gonadal tumors 1857, 1858

Gonococcal proctitis 1141

Gonorrhea 1997

Goodsall's rule 1124

Gorlin's syndrome 1949, 1955

Gout 195

Gracilis muscle mobilization 1112f

Graft

dysfunction 1748

failure, chronic 1749t

function 1749

infection 1392

thrombosis 1391, 1776, 1781

versus host disease 1777

Granular cell

myoblastoma 2114

tumors 1548

Granular chromatin 1098f

Granule, types of 90

Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor 53, 54, 1410

Granuloma, pyogenic 1948, 1952

Granulomatous lobular mastitis 1547, 1547f

Graves' disease 1636, 1641

Gray platelet syndrome 102

Great saphenous

artery 1388f

vein 1387, 1390, 1429, 1444, 1444f

Grey Turner's sign 978, 1272

Griffith's point 1150

Gunshot wounds 603

Gynecologic cancers 2062

Gynecomastia 1549, 1550

causes of 1550t

Haemo philus influenzae 140, 759, 1017

Hairy cell 1017

leukemia 1020

Halo nevus 1951

Hamartoma 1214, 1549, 2113, 2114

Hamartomatous polyposis

syndromes 1086

Hand-assisted laparoscopy 173

Hansen's disease 350

Harmonic scalpel shears 167f

Hartmann's operation 1093, 1095, 1095f, 1145, 1147, 1171f, 1306

Hartmann's solution 79

Hashimoto's thyroiditis 1637

Haversian canals 260f

Head and neck 284, 322

cancer 284

surgery 221

Head injury 570

Head trauma 285

Healing colitis 1046f

Healthcare

databases 191

information systems 190

Heart 1490

defects

congenital 2083, 2086, 2086f

disease

congenital 1827, 2083

hypertensive 339

ischemic 25, 339, 2069, 2093

failure 1436, 1743

isolated excision of 1730f

lung excision 1729f

rate 170

sense, atria of 69

valve 2100f

disease 102

disorders 2102

operations 2106

Heat

loss 1787

stable acid phosphatase 322

Heatstroke 99

Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty 826f

Helicobacter pylori 295, 312, 816, 817, 818, 819, 833, 1076, 1167, 1249

infection 346, 816, 820, 830, 1186

Helix formation 52

Hemangioendothelioma 1952, 1977

Hemangioma 99, 899, 903, 904, 1948, 2114

congenital 1464

infantile 1464, 1466, 1466f, 1952

massive 1020

Hematemesis 295, 1250

Hematochezia 1250

Hematoma 298, 656, 671, 679, 1905

intracerebral 605, 606

subdural 604, 605, 605f

Hematopoiesis, diseases of 20

Hematuria 304, 1988, 2055, 2062

Hemianopia 1347

Hemiplegia 371

Hemochromatosis 1019

Hemodialysis 510, 511, 1737

Hemofiltration 510, 512

Hemoglobin 21

Hemoglobinuria 503, 1988

Hemopericardium 639f

Hemoptysis 288

Hemorrhage 70, 87, 240, 298, 435t, 504, 532, 654, 661, 676, 706, 823, 824, 998, 1055, 1144, 1469, 1743, 1758, 2088

acute 285

diverticular 1149, 1263

intracranial 284, 1342, 1438

intraventricular 607

retroperitoneal 692f, 1272

stigmas of 1253f

Hemorrhagic telangiectasias, hereditary 1081

Hemorrhoid 1116, 1137

proximal portion of 1118f

sclerosant injection of 1118

Hemorrhoidectomy 1119

Hemostasis 48, 87, 95, 239, 1756

abnormalities 22

coagulation disorders 22

endoscopic 1253, 1254f

failure of 98

Hemostatic complications 116

Hemothorax 637

Heparan sulfated proteoglycans 94

Hepatic

artery 889f, 1754f, 1755f

aneurysms 1371

ligation 661, 662

pseudoaneurysm 665f

thrombosis 1758

decompensation, acute 199

disease, chronic 195

isolation 662

metastases, intraoperative detection of 1035

necrosis, acute 99

parenchyma, tumors of 903

veins, level of 1757f

Hepaticojejunostomy 960

Hepatitis 118, 148

B 148, 896, 905, 1752

chronic 148

virus 312, 351, 1402, 1753

C 148, 149, 896, 905, 1727, 1752

infection 896

virus 118, 351, 1753

chronic 371

infection, chronic 351

Hepatoblastoma 1860

Hepatocyte

function 926

growth factor 895, 906

proliferation 1039

Hepatoma 1752

Hepatorenal bypass 1418

Hepatorenal syndrome 506

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 102

Hernia 1221, 1240, 1299, 1820

femoral 1227

incisional 876, 1235

inguinal 134, 231, 393, 399, 1222, 1224f, 1820, 1821f

parastomal 1239, 1240f

paraumbilical 1229f

repair, laparoscopic 1822

traumatic 1240

Herpes simplex

viral proctitis 1139

virus 149, 1133, 1718, 1719

Herpes virus 1138

Herpes zoster 149

Hesselbach's triangle 1228

Hiatal hernia 780, 1808

esophageal 780f

Hidradenitis suppurativa 1127

High density lipoproteins 1318

Hindfoot amputations 1477

Hip

avascular necrosis of 1400

disarticulation 1479

fracture 379

repair 379

joint, migration of 1981f

replacement 201, 379

septic 134

trauma 307

Hirschsprung's disease 393, 394, 398, 399f, 1788, 1842, 1843f

Hirsutism 1714

Hockey stick incision 545

Hodgkin's disease 1020, 1022, 1022t, 1025, 1452

stages of 1022

Hodgkin's lymphoma 1172

Hollenhorst plaques 1338

Homans' operation 1454f, 1456

Homans' sign 1432, 1436

Homocysteinemia 1382

Horizontal loop gastric bypass procedure 871, 871f

Hormone replacement therapy 1555, 1555t

Horner's syndrome 225, 592, 599, 599f, 1349, 1851

Hospital-acquired infections 139

Hounsfield units 1668

Human

allograft 2106

autograft 2106

bites 134

cadaver allograft 742

chorionic gonadotropin 322, 1824

stimulation test 2039

epidermal growth factor receptor 333

herpesviruses 149t, 150

immunodeficiency virus 150, 195, 339

infection 118, 150, 1018

intestinal transplant 1773

leucocyte antigen 102, 1702, 1749

gene complex 1702f

molecules 1702

papillomavirus 151, 1720

infection 1130, 1950

placental lactogen 326

T-cell lymphotropic virus 118

Humeral intraosseous device, placement of 263f

Hunter's and Dodd's perforators 1430

Hunter's canal 1430

Hyaluronic acid 53, 56, 1990

Hyaluronidase 1990

Hydatid cyst 353, 901, 1020

appearance of 901f

Hydration 170

Hydrocele 393, 400, 1820, 1821, 2046

congenital 2046f

types of 2046f

Hydrocortisone 28

Hydronephrosis 304

Hydrops, fetal 1797

Hyperaldosteronism 76

Hyperamylasemia 977

Hyperbaric oxygen 64, 2062

Hyperbilirubinemia 438

Hypercalcemia 74, 76, 83, 1629

nonhyperparathyroidism causes of 1652

syndrome, ectopic 1006

Hypercapnia 476

Hypercholesterolemia 868, 1752

Hypercoagulable state 102, 935, 1408

Hyperemia 752

Hyperfibrinogenemia 103

Hyperfibrinolysis 98

Hypergastrinemia 818

Hyperglycemia 27, 72, 438

Hyperhomocysteinemia 103, 104

Hyperkalemia 72, 509

Hyperlactatemia 438

Hyperlipidemia 72, 195, 1408, 1714, 1749

Hypermagnesemia 75

Hypernatremia 71

Hyperparathyroid syndromes, familial 1657

Hyperparathyroidism 24, 830, 1642, 1649, 1650, 1652, 1655, 1657, 1659, 1682, 1690, 1697

Hyperphosphatemia 76

Hyperplasia 1205, 1455

neointimal 1316

Hyperplastic cholecystoses 954

Hyperplastic nodules, benign 1637

Hyperplastic polyp 1074, 1075f

Hyperprolactinemia 285

Hypersplenism 195, 1017, 1017t, 1021

disorders 101

Hypertension 14, 18, 24, 25, 27, 195, 287, 288, 377, 868, 1048, 1382, 1385, 1398, 1401, 1408, 1438, 1652, 1714, 1741, 1749, 1792, 1849

arterial 25

intra-abdominal 503, 504, 1334

malignant 1438

pulmonary 482

renovascular 304

Hyperthermia 228

intraoperative 27

malignant 228

Hyperthyroidism 24, 1550, 1636, 1652

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, infantile 1831

Hyperventilation 524

Hypervolemia 509

Hypoalbuminemia 934

Hypocalcemia 74, 75, 222

Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial 1652, 1657

Hypocapnia 476

Hypocholesterolemia 1048

Hypofractionation irradiation 1585

Hypoglycemia 422, 1764

postprandial 821

Hypokalemia 73, 74, 83

Hypomagnesemia 75, 76

Hyponatremia 71, 72

Hypophosphatemia 77

Hypoplasia, lymphatic 1452

Hyposplenism 1015

congenital 1016

Hypotension 23, 24, 26, 116, 199, 417, 511, 528, 1727

acute 176

arterial 438

Hypothalamus pituitary-adrenal axis 1665

Hypothermia 119, 438, 611, 750, 1727

complications 116

prevention of 40

systemic 748, 754

Hypothyroidism 195, 840

Hypovolemia 26, 70, 1748

Hypoxemia 476, 737, 738

arterial 438

degree of 477

Hypoxia 176, 816

Hypoxic vasoconstriction, loss of 482

Hysterectomy 201

Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia 104

Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, bilateral 1667

Idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia 2115

Ileal carcinoid tumor 1216f

Ileoanal pouch formation, complications of 1055t

Ileosigmoid fistula 1202f

Ileostomy 1078, 1079

principles of 1054

Iliac artery 582

aneurysm 1373, 1374

expansion 1374

bifurcation 1383

internal 1355

occlusions, bilateral 1493

Iliac endofibrosis, external 1411f

Iliac vein deep venous thrombosis 1525

Iliocaval stent 1445

Iliofemoral bypass grafting 1386

Iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis 1525

Iminodiacetic acid, hepatobiliary 244

Imipenem 136

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura 1020, 1021

Immunosuppression 57, 307, 1713, 1770, 1777

In situ femoropopliteal saphenous vein bypass 1388f

Incision

choice of 542, 544, 546

thoracoabdominal 853f

Incisional hernia, prevention of 1238

Incomplete cord injury 630

Indwelling catheters 1988

Infantile hemangioma 1467f

Infection, prevention of 23

Inferior vena cava 430, 1256f, 1430, 1664, 1751, 1755f, 1756f, 2012, 2047, 2076, 2089, 2090

Infertility 868

Inflammation 48, 123

chronic 1453

intra-abdominal 390

Inflammatory cells, acute 1043f

Infrarenal aneurysms, treatment of 1365t

Infrarenal aortic aneurysm 1333f

Inguinal and femoral hernias, anatomy of 1223f

Inguinal lymph node metastasis, bilateral 2030f

Inhalational injury 737

Injuries 594, 595, 705

abdominal 534, 534t, 571, 576

cardiac 643f

classification 2006

duodenal 667, 668f, 669f

esophageal 648, 782

gastric 665, 666

grade of 671, 796

hepatic 552

mesenteric 675

pancreatic 670, 672, 672f, 673, 674, 674f, 988

scrotal 2048

splenic 653

tracheal 647f

traumatic 349

Innate immunity 1703

Innominate artery 720

Insulinoma 1003, 1004f, 1035, 1682

enucleation, pancreatic 1035

pancreatic 1036f

Intensive care unit 415, 425, 489, 500, 586, 607, 663, 757, 1333, 1427, 1730

Intermittent pneumatic compression 1438

Internal hemorrhoids, classification of 1117t

International Association for Study of Lung Cancer 2115

International Classification of Disease 186

International Federation of Gynecologic Oncologists 1859, 1859t

International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification 1852, 1853

International Neuroblastoma Staging System 1852, 1853, 1853t

International Society for Study of Vascular Anomalies 1464

International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis 99, 100

Interscalene block, bilateral 225

Interstitial edematous pancreatitis 978

Interstitial fibrosis 1709f

Interstitial fluid 69

Interstitial lung disease 288

Intestinal atresia, classification of 1833

Intestinal ischemia, chronic 1213

Intestinal obstruction, treatment of 1298

Intestinal villi 1188f

Intima 1315

Intimal fibroplasia 1418

Intra-abdominal infection, management of 515

Intra-aortic balloon pump 432, 2078, 2097

Intracellular fluid 67–69,

Intracerebral aneurysm 285

Intracranial pressure 605, 610

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm 999

Intrahepatic vena cava 929f

Intraperitoneal repair 1225

Intravenous access, peripheral 258

Intravenous fluids, types of 528

Invasive direct coronary artery bypass 2071

Iris, freckling of 1953

Irritable bowel syndrome 1269

Ischemia 605, 706, 709, 816

cardiac 24f, 170

colonic 1150

mesenteric 1273, 1284, 1503

reperfusion injury 1703f, 1705

Ischemic colitis, classification of 1151t

Islets of Langerhans 1035

Isotonic crystalloid solutions 528

Isotope 1994

lymphography 1454f

Isovolemic hemodilution 112f

Ivor Lewis esophagectomy 861

Jaboulay pyloroplasty 827f

Jacobsen syndrome 102

Jammed Dormia basket 245

Jaundice 57, 244, 295

obstructive 950, 974

Jaw-thrust maneuver 526f

Jejunal arteriovenous malformation 1194f

Jejunal diverticulosis 1210f

Jejunal interposition 795

Jejunoileal bypass 871, 871f

Jejunoileal diverticula 1210

Jejunostomy tube, distal 669f

Jogger's nipple 1549

Joint

pain, monoarticular 307

replacement 23, 197, 201, 203f, 209f, 379

trauma system 558

Jugular vein 583, 1755f

internal 269, 590, 1894

Juvenile polyposis 1081

syndrome 1081

Kala-azar 1017

Kaposi's sarcoma 347, 1137, 1138, 1452, 1948

virus 149

Kasai portoenterostomy 1840

Kattan's nomogram 2013

Kawasaki's disease 1403, 1404, 1405

Kehr's sign 646

Keloid 64

scar 1948, 1950

Keratin horn 1948

Keratoacanthoma 1948, 1950, 1954

Ketones 1989

Khumbu cough 356

Kidney 80, 137f, 304, 1732

disease 265, 500

chronic 102, 500, 502

recurrent 1749

dysfunction of 499

excision of 1730f

injury, acute 499, 500t, 501f, 2080

normal 1992f

transplantation 1781

Killian's dehiscence 800

Kirsten rat sarcoma gene 1070f

Kissing stents technique 1390f

Klebsiella pneumoniae 1166

Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome 1466, 1466f

Knee

arthropathy 868

dislocation 723f

pain 307

replacement 307

Kocher's maneuver 542, 1187

Kock ileostomy 1079

Kock pouch 1050, 1050f, 1078

Kommerell's diverticulum 1335

Kraissl's lines 1533

Kugel patch 1225

Kulchitsky tumors 2116

Laceration 656, 671, 679

Lactate dehydrogenase 980

Lactational infection 1544

Lactic acid 434

Lactic dehydrogenase 2033

Ladd's bands 1834

Lagophthalmos 350

Lanz incision 1244

Laparoscopy 176, 177, 179, 899, 974, 1193, 1277

Laparotomy 1193, 1209, 1244

Laplace's law 2105

Large bowel

carcinoid of 1097

malignancies 1097

obstruction 1279, 1300

Large cell

carcinoma 2115

lung cancers 2116

neuroendocrine carcinoma 2115

Large central omphalocele 1817f

Large epididymal cyst 2045f

Large extremity veins 582

Large intestine 1293, 1842

malrotation of 1186f

Large vessel vasculitis 1397, 1398t

Laryngeal mask airway 224f, 526

Laryngeal nerve 1634

anatomy, recurrent 1634f

injury, superior 1646

recurrent 1633, 1634, 1649

superior 1634, 1646

Laryngectomy 1903

Latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction 1615, 1615f

Leiomyoma 864f, 1074, 1215, 1948

typical appearance of 864f

Leiomyomatosis, hereditary 2011

Leiomyomatous polyp 1075f

Leiomyosarcoma 1948

Leiomyosarcomatous polyp 1075f

Leishmaniasis 353

Lentigo 1948

maligna 1947, 1948, 1954

Leonardo's vein 1429

Leprosy 350

Lethargy 24

Leukemia 371, 1017, 1022

monocytic 99

chronic 1020

Leukocyte

abnormalities 21

esterase and nitrite tests 1989

storage 1015

trapping theory 1444

Leukocytosis 21, 438

Leukopenia 21, 438, 1017

Leuokoplakia 2028

Levodopa 223

Li-Fraumeni syndrome 1557

Ligament of Treitz 668, 873

Ligase-dependent probe amplification, multiple 1560

Ligation, arterial 1027

Limb

amputation of 231

arteriovenous malformations 1469

claudication 1401

ischemia, acute 1489

obstruction 842

paralysis 1436

Linezolid 133

Lipedema 1453

Lipodermatosclerosis 1444

Lipodystrophy 1453

Lipoma 1074, 1215, 1548, 1948, 1953, 2114, 2134

Lipopeptides 156

Liposarcoma 1948, 1967, 1978

Lisch nodules 1953

Lisfranc amputation 1477

Liver 197, 294, 332, 887, 976, 1732

abscess 902, 902f

pyogenic 902f

acinar unit 892f

biopsy 294, 926

cancer, metastatic 912

cysts 900, 901f

disease 15, 20, 99, 371

alcoholic 1752

chronic 99, 895, 1751, 1753

metabolic 1751–1753,

metastatic 244

types of 1752

donation 1760

failure

acute 895, 1751, 1753

chronic 895, 1751, 1752

function

disorders of 893t

serum tests of 894t

tests 897, 1272

herniation 585f

hydatid cyst of 153f

hypoperfusion 1259

injury 660

lesion 295

metastases

management of 1096

multiple 915f

resection, laparoscopic 910

segmental anatomy of 890

surgery, principles of 915

transplantation 244, 907, 912, 927, 930, 1751, 1752t, 1755f–1756f

tumors 1751, 1753

benign 903

metastatic 915

venous anatomy of 660f

Lobar emphysema, congenital 1806, 1806f

Lobectomy 917, 1642

Lobular intraepithelial neoplasia 1541

Loeys-Dietz syndromes 1320

Low-density lipoprotein 494, 1318

oxidation of 1318

Low-dose heparin 1438

Low-grade collecting duct carcinoma 2012

Low molecular weight heparin 480, 572, 1437

Low pressure sinusoids 934f

Lower abdominal tissue 1616

Lower esophageal sphincter 772, 775, 784, 803f, 806, 1831

pressure 806

Lower gastrointestinal

bleeding 1260

hemorrhage, management of 1149

Lower limb

techniques 225

vessels 723

Lower respiratory tract infection 339

Lower urinary tract

obstruction 1997

symptoms 1998

Ludwig's angina 1899

Lugol's solution 1636

Lumbar

hernia 1234

spine trauma 307

unstable burst fracture 703f

Lumen catheter 409f

Lung 197, 322, 1273, 1733

abscess 1803

benign tumors of 2114t

cancer 250, 289, 289f

capacity 458

cysts 1805

disease, chronic 339

injury 636

score 477, 477t

metastases screening 288

needle biopsy, percutaneous 290f

neoplasms 2113

resection 201

surgery 2125

small cell carcinoma of 322

structure and mechanics 457

trauma 288

tumors 288

benign 2113, 2114

malignant 2114

ventilation 2126f

volumes 461

Lupus anticoagulant 103, 1436

Lymph node 1694f, 1961

dissection 1644, 1689

retroperitoneal 2015, 2035, 2036

management 1961, 2030

regional 1949, 2013, 2017, 2026, 2029, 2033

resection 860

radical 859

stage 1566

status 1567

tuberculous infection of 1452

Lymph vessels 1948

Lymphadenitis 1459

chronic 1459

Lymphadenopathy 285

inguinal 1227f

Lymphangiography 1455

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis 2115

Lymphangioles 1449

Lymphangioma 1459, 1807, 2134

circumscriptum 1459

Lymphangiosarcoma 1458

Lymphangitis, acute 1459

Lymphatic system, pathogenesis of 1459

Lymphedema 1449, 1450, 1452

artefacta 1453, 1454

bilateral 1450f

chronic 1458

Wolfe classification of 1451f

Lymphocele, postoperative 2002

Lymphocyte 149

Lymphocytic lobulitis 1548

Lymphogranuloma venereum 1141, 1459

Lymphoid tissue lymphoma, mucosa

associated 1879

Lymphoma 371, 1017, 1020, 1021, 1136, 1138, 1217, 1218, 1218f, 1652, 1963, 2134

Lymphomatous polyposis, colonic 1099f

Lymphopoiesis 1015

Lynch syndrome 1074

Lysosomal bodies 90

Macroamylasemia 1273

Macrophage-derived matrix

metalloproteinase 1314

Maffucci's syndrome 1972, 1974

Magnesium 75, 90

ammonium phosphate 1990

Major histocompatibility complex 1321

Malacia, tracheal 1802

Malaria 104, 118, 339, 1017

Malformation

anorectal 393, 394, 1843

arteriovenous 284, 285, 1463, 1464, 1468, 1468f, 2114

lymphatic 1464

Malignancy 220, 1436, 1452, 1720

abdominal 1268

Malignant lung tumors

classification of 2115t

management of 2120

Mallory-Weiss syndrome 817, 835, 1250

Malnutrition 57, 195, 821

universal screening test 367

Malperfusion, management of 1427

Mammary adenocarcinoma 1568f

Mammary artery, internal 1348, 2071, 2072

Mammary duct fistula 1546, 1623f, 1624

Mammography 294, 1535, 1572, 1573, 1576

screening, frequency of 1573

Mandible, surgery of 1914

Mandibulectomy, segmental 1918

Manometry

catheter, esophageal 778f

esophageal 779t

pancreatic 246

Mansonella perstans 354

Marfan syndrome 1320, 1356, 1361, 2084

Marginal mandibulectomy 1915f, 1917

Marjolin's ulcer 1948, 1949, 1955

Mass

abdominal 1218f

pancreatic 295

Massive blood transfusion 83

Mastalgia 1538

Mastectomy 231, 311, 383, 1581

Mastitis 134

Matrix contraction 50

Matrix ground substance synthesis 50

Mattox maneuver 543, 543f

Mature cyst teratoma, retroperitoneal 1172f

May-Thurner syndrome 1483, 1525, 1525f, 1526

McBurney's incision 213

Mean arterial pressure 429, 610

Meatal stenosis 1997

Meckel's band 1835

Meckel's diverticulum 393, 398f, 400, 401, 976, 1208, 1211, 1211f, 1248, 1260, 1263, 1815, 1835

Meconium obstruction 393

Median sternotomy 23, 540, 541

Mediastinal emphysema 809

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy 250

Mediastinal mass 288

Mediastinal tumors 2134t

Mediastinitis 146

Mediastinum, tumors of 2133, 2134

Medium vessel vasculitis 1402, 1403t

Medullary carcinoma 2012

Medullary thyroid cancer 1639, 1644

Meige disease 1451

Meige lymphedema 1451

Meisser's corpuscles 1947

Melanocytic nevi 1948, 1950

Melanoma 1948, 1959

in situ 1948, 1954

malignant 1136

Menarche, age of 1561

Menopause, age of 1561

Menorrhagia 1039

Mental status 435

Meperidine 232

Mercurial poisoning 1988

Merkel cell carcinoma 1948, 1955, 1963, 1963t

Mesenchymal tumors 2115, 2134

Mesenteric artery

aneurysms, superior 1372

dissection, superior 1485

inferior 1092, 1354, 1503

malperfusion, superior 1427f

occlusion, superior 303f

superior 970, 1150, 1186, 1503, 1506f, 1728, 1766, 1775f

Mesenteric ischemia

acute 1205, 1503, 1505f

chronic 1213f, 1507

nonocclusive 1213, 1504

Mesenteric vein

inferior 1728

superior 889, 970, 1782f

Mesh

choice of 1231

fixation 1232

intraperitoneal 1237

repair 1236

sandwich technique 1238

splenorrhaphy 657f

Mesocaval shunt 1259

Mesorectal excision 1095

Mesothelioma, malignant 2137

Metabolic alkalosis, causes of 83t

Metaiodobenzylguanidine 1852

Metastases, development of 320f

Metastatic disease 323, 327, 1967, 2124

Metastatic nodal disease, treatment of 1901

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, first-line treatment of 2016

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 36, 61, 133, 199

Methotrexate 505

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 104

Metronidazole 136, 156, 819

Micrometastatic disease 1567f

Microwave therapy, percutaneous 909

Midfoot amputations 1477

Midstream urine 1987

Migratory superficial phlebitis 1408

Migratory thrombophlebitis, recurrent 1434

Milia 1948

Milk alkali syndrome 83, 1652

Miller vein cuff technique 1389f

Milroy's disease 1450, 1451

Minimally invasive

esophagectomy 854

parathyroidectomy 1655

radioguided parathyroidectomy 1655

Mini-Nutritional Assessment test 370

Minocycline 133

Mirizzi's syndrome 244, 246, 958

Mitogen-activating protein 316

Mitral regurgitation 15f, 2105

ischemic 2099

Mitral stenosis 2087

Mitral valve 2100, 2101f, 2107

disease 2104

papillary muscles 2100f

repair 2099, 2107, 2110

types of 2108f

replacement 2100, 2107, 2110

surgery 2110

Mixed tumor

benign 1880

malignant 1882

Mixed venous oxygen saturation 419

Mohs micrographic surgery 1957, 2030

Mohs resection 1985, 1985f

Molybdenum 448

Mondor's disease 1435, 1548

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 223

Monobactams 154

Monoclonal antibodies 331, 2016

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1321

Mononuclear cells 1759f

Monopolar electrocautery 43f

Montgomery's tubercles 1533, 1549

Morgagni, twisted hydatid cyst of 2044f

Morgagni's hernia 1808, 1809f

laparoscopic visualization of 1809f

Morphea 1549

Morphine 231

Motility disorders, classification of 806t

Motor vehicle accident 346, 572, 651, 687, 706, 1548

Mountain sickness, acute 356

Mouth, surgery of 1909

Mucocele 951

Mucormycosis 148

Mucosa

duodenal 977f

gastric 815

Mucosal blood flow 820

Mucosal resection 240, 242

endoscopic 242, 886, 1071

Multidrug resistant pathogens 36

Multisystem organ failure 719

Mumps orchitis 2044

Munchausen's syndrome 1454

Murphy's sign 297, 946, 948, 951, 1272

Muscle

invasive bladder cancer 2019, 2021

papillary 2101

weakness 27

Muscular dystrophy 777

Muscularis propria 1090f

myocytolysis of 1043f

Musculoskeletal infection 199

Musculoskeletal system 306, 367

Myalgia 1652

Myasthenia gravis 777, 2135

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare 1405

Mycobacterium leprae 350

Mycobacterium tuberculosis 350, 1122, 1207

Mycobacterium ulcerans 351

Mycophenolic acid 1713

Mycotic aneurysms 1349, 1357

Myelodysplasia 21

Myeloid leukemia, chronic 1025f

Myeloma 322

multiple 102, 1652, 1968, 1972, 1973f

Myelomeningocele 1797

Myeloproliferative disorder 102, 935

Myelosclerosis 1020

Myocardial infarction 199, 371, 426, 437, 1273, 1436, 2079, 2099f

nonfatal 493

Myocardial oxygen 2078

Myocardial protection 2074

Myocardial revascularization 2096

Myocutaneous advancement flaps 1065

Myofibroblastic tumor, inflammatory 2115

Myoglobin 326

Myoglobinuria 1988

Myoglobinuric renal failure 503

Myotomy, cricopharyngeal 800, 801f

Narcotics 83

Nasal packing 133, 134

Nasogastric feeding 735

Nasogastric suction 83

Nasogastric tube 735, 1795

deviation of 533

placement 242

Nasosinus surgery 134

National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies 621

National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2016

National Healthcare Safety Network 469

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence 1562

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 40

National Institutes of Health 870, 1581

National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel 41

National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project 1596

National Surgical Quality Improvement Project 6

National Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cooperative Study 1637

National Wilms' Tumor Study Group 1850, 1850t

Nationwide Health Information Network 191

Nausea 1176, 1652, 1788

Neck 37

dissection 1894f, 1903

radical 1902

exploration, bilateral 1653, 1654

injuries 589, 599

transcervical 597

masses, multiple 285

pain 307, 1401

percutaneous needle biopsy of 286

surgery of 1893

trauma 546, 592, 600

Necrosis

hepatocellular 936

laparoscopic removal of 672f

pancreatic 982

papillary 2001

Necrotic collection, acute 978

Necrotic pancreatic tissue 672f

Necrotic tissue 755f

removal of 984f

Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1141

Neisseria meningitides 759, 1017

Neoadjuvant therapies 862, 998

Neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers 1254

Neonatal

immunity 1787

infection 1544

intensive care unit 391, 1791

Neoplasm 1900

benign 1069, 1879, 1884, 1900

esophageal 845

malignant 1881, 1887, 1889, 1901

oncofetal epithelium of 322

Nephrectomy, radical 2014

Nephroblastoma 1849

Nephrocalcinosis 1652

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis 1329

Nephrolithiasis, recurrent 304

Nephrolithotomy, percutaneous 2055, 2065

Nephron sparing surgery 2014

Nephrostomy

percutaneous 305f, 2002f, 2004

technique of 2004

Nephrotoxic drugs 1749

Nerve 1948

hypoglossal 1894

injuries 597

tumors 1953

Neuralgia, peripheral 1269

Neurilemmoma 2114, 2134

Neuroblastoma 322, 393, 1851, 2134, 2135

computed tomography scans of 1852f

Neuroendocrine 285, 322

tumors 914, 1181, 1752

Neurofibroma 1548, 1558, 1948, 2114, 2134

Neurofibromatosis 1559

Neurofibrosarcoma 1967, 1979

Neurohypoadrenal dysfunction 195

Neuroma 1948

Neuropsychiatric disorders 378

Neurotoxicity 1714

Neutropenia 1020

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin 422, 500

Neutrophil mobilization 126

Nevus of Ito 1948, 1951

Nevus of Ota 1948, 1951

New York Heart Association Classification 490

Niacin 448

Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate 1316

Nipple

changes 1542

discharge 1542, 1626

eczema of 1549

retraction and inversion 1541, 1543

Nissen's fundoplication 786, 787, 787f, 791

laparoscopic 11, 789, 790f

Nissen-Rossetti fundoplication 788, 790

Nitric oxide 49, 1316

synthesis 50

Nodules

lymphatic 1189f

pulmonary 288

Non-accidental trauma 393, 403

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 1022, 1137, 1172, 1452

Nonlactating abscess, peripheral 1546

Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, hereditary 1086

Non-small cell lung cancer 2114, 2141

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 101, 102, 233, 380, 789, 816–819, 1073, 1208, 1208f, 1249, 1539, 1825

Noonan's syndrome 2084

Norepinephrine 90, 2079

North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial 1343

Nosocomial pneumonia 466, 481

Nottingham Prognostic Index 1566

Nuclear matrix protein 1990

Nucleotides 452

Nutrition 380, 390

risk score 446

Nutritional

support 27, 443, 746, 841, 1203

therapy 450

Nystagmus 1347

Obesity 16, 195, 379, 867, 868, 868t, 869, 1086, 1382, 1749

aspects of 868

categories of 868t

classification 868

hypoventilation syndrome 868

medical treatment of 869

surgery 867

Obstruction 1201, 1997

acute 2002

chronic 2002

colonic 299, 1147

duodenal 669, 670

esophageal 295

intestinal 295, 393, 876, 1269

Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 15, 221, 288, 411, 412f, 464, 466f, 478, 479, 2119

Obturator hernia 1234

Occipitoatlantal dislocation, classification of 624f

Odontoid fractures, types of 626f

Ogilvie's syndrome 1303f

Oliguria 438, 517, 518, 1652

Ollier's disease 1972, 1974

Omega-3 fatty acids 450, 452

Omental foramen 1166

Omeprazole 820

Omphalocele 393, 394, 1815, 1816, 1817f

hypogastric 1816

Onchocerca volvulus 353

Onchocerciasis 353

Oncocytic adenoma 1651f

Oncofetal epithelium 322

Ophthalmic artery 1338f

Ophthalmologic disease 1197

Ophthalmoplegia 285

Opioid analgesics 226

Opsonin synthesis 1015

Optic glioma 1953

Oral analgesia 233

Oral anticoagulants 120, 1438

Oral cancers 1911

Oral cavity, anatomy of 1909f

Oral commissure 1912f

Oral contraceptive 223, 1555

pill 1561

Oral salt loading test 1668

Oral squamous cell carcinoma 1910

Orchitis and epididymo-orchitis 2044

Organ

abdominal 1729f

destruction 99

diseases 102

dysfunction syndrome 157

multiple 133

Organoid nevus 1955

Oropharynx, anatomy of 1899f

Orthopedic 348

injury 571

liver transplantation 936, 1260

operation 23

surgery 221

trauma 404

Osler-Weber-Rendu and Parkes Weber syndromes 1464

Osteitis fibrosis cystica 1652

Osteoclastic metastasis 1652

Osteomyelitis 262, 307, 1476f

Osteoporosis 1400, 1652

Osteosarcoma 1972, 1974f

types of 1973

Ovarian cancer 304, 868, 1561

Ovarian cyst drainage 134

Ovarian germ cell tumors 1858

Ovary 322, 1273

Oxalosis 1752

Oxazolidinones 156

Oxycodone 232

Oxygenation, arterial 420

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation 462f

Oxyphil cell adenoma 1651f

Pacinian corpuscles 1947

Packed red blood cells 111, 111f

Paget's disease 1133

bone 1652

nipple 1947

extramammary 1133

Paget-Schroetter syndrome 1440

Pain 228, 1469, 1788, 1791, 1968

abdominal 295, 883, 1195f, 1218f, 1268, 1268t, 1269, 1269t, 1270, 1271, 1283, 1285, 1652, 1789f

after knee replacement 307

anorectal 1140

assessment of 230

chronic 231t

control 217, 228

management 380

mechanisms, peripheral 229f

psychosomatic 1269

score 231

scrotal 2009f

Palma-Dale procedure 1446

Palmaz balloon expandable stent 1803

Palmer's point 213, 214, 214f

Pancoast's tumor 2122, 2122f

Pancreas 197, 298, 322, 969, 973, 1558, 1685f, 1733

carcinoma of 993, 1019

congenital anomalies of 975

cystic tumors of 999

ectopic 835

endocrine tumors of 1002

excision of 1731f

heterotopic 976

intraoperative imaging of 974

solid pseudopapillary tumor of 1000

transplantation 1763, 1765, 1781

Pancreatectomy 1010

distal 1009, 1020

Pancreatic

cysts, congenital 976

disease, benign 250

ductal tree, development of 970f

head, massive disruption of 673

injury grading scale 671t

neuroendocrine tumor, nonfunctioning 1007f

resection, complications of 997

services, organization of 1010

sphincterotomy 1008

surgery, principles of 1007

tail, total necrosis of 673f

Pancreaticoduodenal injury 673

Pancreaticoduodenectomy 1001f, 1007f, 1686

Pancreaticojejunostomy 1009

Pancreatitis 99, 215, 244, 245, 670, 977f, 979f, 983f, 988t, 1652

acute 482, 821, 977, 978t, 980t, 987f, 988, 1019, 1268, 1273, 1281, 1841

chronic 988, 1019

complications of 299f

idiopathic 977

necrotizing 978, 983f

pseudocyst, chronic 987

Pancreatoduodenal

neuroendocrine tumors 1683

tumors, nonfunctioning 1682

Pancreatoduodenectomy 996

Pancytopenia 1017

Panproctocolectomy 1049

Pantothenic acid 448

Papanicolaou staining 1990f

Papilla, pancreatic 970f

Papillary renal cancer, hereditary 2011

Papilloma 2019

Paraduodenal fatty tissue 668f

Paraesophageal hernia 781f, 798

Paraganglioma 2134

Paraganglionic tumors 2136

Paralysis 195, 379

Paralytic ileus 199, 438

colonic 299

Paramidline mandibulotomy 1915f

Parapharyngeal space infection 1899

Paraphimosis 2008

Paraplegia 2088

Paraproteins 102

Parasites 1990

Parasitic lymphatic obstruction 354f

Parathyroid 286, 1634f, 1682

adenoma 1651, 2134

superior 1650f

cancer 1659

disease 195

glands 1649, 1683f

hormone 1649, 1650, 1697

monitoring, intraoperative 1655

related peptide-secreting tumor, pancreatic 1006

surgery 1644, 1649, 1657

tissue 1683

Parathyroidectomy 1643, 1658f, 1683

Parenchymal kidney disease, absence of 506

Parenteral nutrition 75, 215, 216, 380, 390, 391, 447, 990, 1203, 1839

Paris-Trousseau syndrome 102

Parkes-Weber syndrome 1454, 1466

Parkinson's disease 777

Parotid gland 1873, 1874, 1875f, 1877f, 1881f, 1883, 1886f, 1889, 1889f

deep lobe of 1885

malignant tumors of 1875f, 1887

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 2104

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 935

Partial thickness burns, superficial 739, 742

Partial thromboplastin time 89, 894

Particle gel immunoassay 106

Pasteurella multocida 61

Patch aortoplasty 1420

Patent arterial duct 2083, 2085, 2086f

Patent ductus arteriosus 2084

Patent foramen ovale 2075

Patent pancreatic arterial anatomy 1782f

Paul-Mikulicz procedure 1147

Pectoralis major, tumors invasion of 1594f

Pectus carinatumn 1800f

Pectus excavatum 402, 403f, 1799, 1800f

Pediatric advanced life support guidelines 260

Pediatric liver

transplantation 1760

tumors 1862t

Pediatric Oncology Group 1856

Pediatric surgery 349, 1787

Pediatric trauma 403

Pediatric vascular trauma 724

Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap 1617

Pelvic abscess 137f, 301, 1144, 1145, 1791f

Pelvic arteriovenous malformations 1469

Pelvic disruption 689f

Pelvic fracture 532

care 558

Pelvic hemorrhage 546f

Pelvic inflammatory disease 1283

Pelvic injuries 687

Pelvic mass 304

Pelvic organ prolapse 2062

Pelvic pain 304

acute 304

Pelvic ring injury 691f

classification of 688f, 688t

Pelvic sepsis 1055

Pelvic vessels 722

Pelvis, fractures of 692f

Pelviureteric junction obstruction 2001

Penetrating neck trauma

management of 592

signs and symptoms of 592

Penicillins 153, 505

Penile cancer 2028, 2031

Penis, squamous cell carcinoma of 2029f

Pentagastrin stimulation 818

Pepsins 816

Peptic ulcer 1269

chronic 195, 822f

disease 215, 371, 813, 1249, 1268, 1273, 1282

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, placement of 837f

Percutaneous necrosectomy, technique of 983f

Percutaneous transhepatic

balloon dilatation 960

biliary drainage 964, 974

cholangiography 947

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty 1398, 1509, 1747

Perforation 821, 835, 950, 1201, 1202

closure of 242

Periampullary tumors 1001

Perianal

actinomycosis 1128

disease 250, 1136

infections 1127

sepsis 1137

tuberculosis 1128

warts 1130

Periaortic inflammation 1402f

Periareolar infection 1545

Peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor, congenial 2115

Peridiverticular inflammation 1144

Periductal mastitis 1623f

Perineal

injury 680

urethrostomy 2031f

wound care 681

Peripancreatic fluid

collection 1768

acute 978

Peripheral nerve, prevention of 41

Peripheral vascular disease, chronic 195

Peritoneal dialysis 510, 512, 1742, 1743

pharyngitis 134

Peritoneal drain, placement of 1839

Peritoneal flap technique 1238

Peritoneum 1165

Peritonitis 134, 1144, 1145, 1166, 1167, 1286, 1795

acute 134, 1267

Perivertebral pleural stripe, loss of 533

Peroral endoscopic myotomy 242

Persistent pulmonary hypertension 1787

Persistent umbilical sinuses 1815

Perthes tests 1432

Perurethral catheterization 1999

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 1080, 1080f, 1086, 1193, 1214, 1557, 1845

Peyer's patches 1189f

Phagocytic cell migration 126f

Pharyngectomy 1903

Pharyngocutaneous fistula 1906

Phenacetin 1988

Phenazopyridine 1988

Phenylephrine 2079

Pheochromocytoma 24, 1652, 1672, 1673t, 1690, 2056, 2134

Phimosis 1997

Phlebectasia 1468f

Phlegmasia alba dolens 1436

Phlegmon 1144

Phosphatidylethanolamine 90

Phosphatidylserine 90

Photoplethysmography 1433

Phrenic nerve 1894

paralysis 225, 463

Phrenoesophageal ligament 772f

Pickwickian's syndrome 868

Pilar cysts 1948

Pilomatrixoma 1948, 1953

Pilonidal abscess

acute 1129

chronic 1129

Pilonidal cystectomy 134

Pilonidal disease 1128

Pilonidal sinus 1129f, 1130f

Pilosebaceous units 1948, 1952

Pituitary hormone, anterior 322

Pityriasis rosea 149

Plasma

aldosterone concentration 1667, 1668

catecholamines 1673

cell granuloma 2114

coagulation factors 88

electrolyte composition of 69f

estrogen 1561

exchange 1717

fibrinogen concentration 95

fibronectin 49

free metanephrines 1673

glucose 438

hemostatic proteins 90

thromboplastin antecedent 89

total bilirubin 438

Plasminogen

activator inhibitor 103

deficiency 103

Plastic surgery 348, 1929

principles of 1929, 1932

Platelet 87, 89

abnormalities 1016

activating factor 49

adhesion, disorders of 102

aggregation assay, heparin induced 106

concentrate 114

count 20, 96

cyclooxygenase deficiency 102

derived growth factor 48, 49, 90, 333, 1317

disorders 100

fraction 111

function

analyzers 101

disorders of 102, 102t

granule, types of 90t

physiology 90

plug formation 87, 89

Platysma muscle 1893

Pleomorphic adenoma 1880, 1880f, 1884, 1885, 1900

Pleomorphic carcinoma 2115

Pleura, tumors of 2136

Pleuropulmonary blastoma 2115

Pneumatic balloon dilatation 803

Pneumatic compression devices 1456

Pneumatic dilatation 242

Pneumatocele 2132

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis 1150, 1150f

Pneumocystis 104

Pneumocystis carinii 1759, 1777

Pneumocystis jirovecii 1719

Pneumomediastinum 471

Pneumonia 18, 19, 199, 288, 570, 1273, 1869, 2080

postoperative 139

Pneumoperitoneum,

complications of 175

Pneumothorax 176, 199, 286, 289f, 351, 636, 809

Podoconiosis 1452

Podophyllin resin 152

Poison oak dermatitis 134

Poland's deformity 1800f

Polyarteritis nodosa 1402, 1403

Polyclonal antibodies 1713

Polyclonal lymphocyte-depleting antibodies 1715

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1949

Polycystic kidney disease 1741

Polycystic ovarian syndrome 868

Polycythemia 195

vera 102

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 49

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils 1318

Polyomavirus infection 1749

Polypectomy 254

injury 252

Polypeptide, pancreatic 972, 1684

Polypoidal leiomyoma 864f

Polyposis 1788

adenomatous 1076, 1077f, 1086, 1215f, 1845

coli gene, adenomatous 1070f

syndromes 1074, 1845

Polyps

adenomatous 1215

duodenal 1215f

inflammatory 1074

Polytetrafluoroethylene 38, 595, 929, 1365, 1447, 2092

Polytrauma 99

Polyuria 1652

Popliteal aneurysm 1495f

Popliteal artery 582

aneurysm 1376

thrombosis 1490

Popliteal blood pressure 1401

Popliteal embolectomy 1498f

Porcelain gallbladder 955

Porokeratosis 1949, 1955, 1956

of Mirabelli 1948

Porphyria, acute 1286

Porta hepatis 943f

anatomy of 941f

Portacaval shunt 929f

Portal hypertension 179, 897, 921, 922f, 923, 930f, 934

treatment of 933

Portal lymph node metastases 244

Portal vein 583, 673f, 1766f

occlusion 1019

thrombosis 934f

Portosystemic shunts 929, 929f

Port-site hernias, laparoscopic 1239

Port-wine stain 1948

Positive end-expiratory pressure 433, 460, 477, 482

Post-cholecystectomy 244

Post-chronic hypercapnia 83

Post-gastrectomy syndromes 821, 825t, 837

Post-pericardiotomy syndrome 2081

Post-resection empyema 2131, 2131f

Post-sinusoidal portal hypertension 922

Post-splenectomy sepsis

prevention of 147

treatment of 147

Post-thrombotic syndrome 1525

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease 1716, 1720, 1778

Pott's disease 351, 1949

Pouch construction 1051

Pouch dilation 879

Pouch dysfunction 1053, 1055

causes of 1053t

Pouch surgery, laparoscopic 1052

Pratt's sign 1436

Pregnancy

ectopic 1284

fatty liver of 99

loss, recurrent 105

Prematurity, retinopathy of 1787

Presinusoidal portal hypertension 922

Pressure

arterial 432

chronic 57

controlled ventilation 473

intra-abdominal 504

sores 62, 383

support ventilation 471

ulcers 62

Proctectomy 1065

Proctitis 1044

Proctocolectomy 1049, 1078, 1079

Proctosigmoidoscopy 1106

Profunda femoris artery 582

Prolene

hernia system 1225f

hydroxylation of 52

Promyelocytic leukemia, acute 99

Prophylaxis 832

Propionibacterium acne 39

Prostaglandins 819

Prostate 322, 1558, 1652

cancer 304, 868, 1998, 2023, 2024f, 2027

management of 2027

stages of 2024f

cellular protein 322

glycoprotein 322

normal 1992f

specific antigen 304, 326, 2023, 2027

surgery 221

transrectal ultrasonography of 2025

transurethral resection of 2000

zones of 2024f

Prostatectomy, radical 2027

Prostatic hyperplasia, benign 1998, 2023

Prostatic infarction 1998

Prostatic inflammation 1998

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia 2024

Prostatitis 1998

Prosthetic arteriovenous grafts 1743

Prosthetic mesh 1221

Proteases, pancreatic 1190

Protein 1190

C deficiency 94, 103, 104, 1436

malnutrition 876

synthesis 50

truncation test 1560

Proteinuria 1989

Proteoglycans 53

Prothrombin 89

complex concentrate 100, 116, 120

gene mutation 1436

time 17, 20, 89, 95, 894

Prothrombinase 91

Proton pump inhibitors 785, 819, 1250

Proximal bile duct tumors 965

Proximal carotid stenosis 1402f

Proximal external iliac artery 1746f

Proximal gastric vagotomy 825, 826, 828f

Proximal lymphatics, obstruction of 1455f

Proximal muscle weakness 1652

Proximal pancreatectomy 1009

Proximal splenorenal shunt plus splenectomy 1259

Pruritus ani 1131

Pseudoaneurysm 1349, 2066

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia 1549

Pseudocyst 973, 987f, 988t

infection of 245

pancreatic 244, 295, 978, 986, 1019

Pseudohyponatremia 72

Pseudomembranous colitis 1153

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 61, 154, 481, 745, 1941

Pseudomyxoma peritonei 1169, 1170f

Pseudo-obstruction, colonic 1302

Pseudopolyposis 1045

colonic 1043f

Pseudopolyps 1198f

Pseudotumor, inflammatory 2114

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum 1409, 1410

Psychosis 195

Puberty 1550

precocious 285

Pulmonary airway malformations 1805

Pulmonary artery 1729f, 1797, 2085

catheter 29, 419

occlusion pressure 430

sarcoma 2115

Pulmonary circulation, perfusion of 463

Pulmonary disease

acute exacerbation of 83

chronic 195, 371

Pulmonary lymphangiomatosis 2115

Pulsatile neck mass 285

Pulse

oximetry 420

pressure 435

variation 434, 506

rate 435

Pulsion diverticula 807

Pulsus parvus et tardus 2103

Pyelography, intravenous 1992, 2007

Pyelonephritis 1741, 1748, 1749

Pyloric stenosis 1788

hypertrophic 393, 399

Pyloromyotomy 399

Pyloroplasty 826

Pylorus preserving proximal pancreato- duodenectomy 965, 1009

Pyonephrosis 2002f

Pyopneumothorax 351

Pyridoxine 448

Q fever 104

Quinolone 136

Raccoon eyes 1851

Radial artery placement, radial 275f

Radial forearm flap, dissection of 1920

Radiation enteritis 1205, 1292, 1300

Radiation enteropathy 1206

induced fibrosis 2002

intraoperative 1586

Radical neck dissection, modified 1902

Radioactive iodine ablation 1636

Radiofrequency

ablation 240, 242, 296, 885, 907, 908, 918

endoscopic 306

Radiotherapy 329, 1584, 1963

Ranitidine bismuth citrate 820

Rapamycin, mammalian target of 333f, 2016

Raynaud's phenomenon 1412

Raynaud's syndrome 1408

Rectal advancement flap 1064f

Rectal cancer, Dukes classification of 1088t

Rectal stump, management of 1056

Rectoanal inhibitory reflex 1107

Rectosigmoidectomy, peripheral 1115

Rectovaginal fistulas, causes of 1126

Rectum

abdominoperineal excision of 1135, 1163

carcinoma of 1095f

retroperitoneal 678

Rectus divarication 1235

Red blood cell 108, 152f, 458, 563

Red cell 111

abnormalities 1016

destruction 1015

maturation 1015

Reflux

esophageal 195

esophagitis 821

gastritis 839

lymphatic 1452

Refractory intracranial hypertension 610, 612

Reidel's thyroiditis 1637

Reiter's syndrome 1412

Rejection, chronic 1759f

Renal allograft rejection

acute 1708f

chronic 1709f

Renal artery 1326, 2066f

aneurysm 1420, 1421f, 2056

aortic implantations, bilateral 1420f

arteriosclerosis 1416, 1416f

blood flow velocity 81f

embolus 1422f

fibrodysplasia 1418

implantation 1419

macroembolism 1422

medial fibroplasia 1418f

occlusive disease 1415, 1416

perfusion pressure 1415

stenosis 24, 287

thrombosis 2007

ultrasonography 1416

Renal cancer 2011

arterial embolization of 306

Renal cell carcinoma 2011, 2012, 2012t, 2013, 2056

cryoablation of 306f

metastatic 2016t

treatment of 2014t

Renal disease 220, 371, 1048, 1991

chronic 195, 1741

recurrent 1749

Renal exploration 2007

Renal failure 252, 304, 566, 1273, 1408, 1438, 2080

acute 199, 510

chronic 1453

Renal function 26, 367, 422, 499

tests 1991

Renal graft vascularity, normal 1993f

Renal injury 678, 2007

grading scale 679

Renal mass 304

Renal medullary carcinoma 2012

Renal replacement therapy 499, 500, 501, 510

types of 510

Renal stone

disease 1652

recurrent 1697

Renal systemic renin index 1415

Renal transplantation 1744, 1746f, 1749

complications of 1747

technique of 1745

Renal trauma 305, 2005

Renal vein 1256f

anatomy of 1354f

thrombosis 2015f

Renin angiotensin system 1415

Renovascular disease 1741

Renovascular hypertension, pathophysiology of 1415

Renovascular thrombosis 1748

Reperfusion injury 709, 719

Reproductive system 1166

Resection, pulmonary 328

Respiratory acidosis 82, 83

Respiratory

alkalosis 82

cycle 1431

disease 220

distress syndrome, acute 83, 466f, 477, 477t, 481, 502, 566

failure 26

evaluation of 476

management of 480

prevention of 478

rate 435

system 221, 377

Retinal pigment epithelium, congenital hypertrophy of 1077

Retractile testis 2042

Retraction 1055

Retrocaval ureter 2002

Retrograde

cholangiography, endoscopic 242

cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic 169, 237, 242, 899, 939, 974, 981

Retroperitoneum 504, 1165

bile staining of 671

zones of 543f

Rhabdomyolysis 199, 503, 508

Rhabdomyosarcoma 1854, 1979

Rheumatoid arthritis 195, 1018, 1410, 1412

Riboflavin 448, 1988

Richmond agitation-sedation scale 483t

Rifampicin 505, 1988

Ring annuloplasty 2107

Ringer's lactate 21, 70, 79, 114

Rituximab 505, 1716

Robertson's giant limb 1454

Robin Hood principle 1937

Robot-assisted laparoscopy 179

Robotic surgery 855

Robson's staging, modified 2013

Rodent ulcer 1956

Root injury 630

Roseola infantum 149

Roux-en-Y

gastric bypass 870, 873, 873f, 878, 883

gastrojejunostomy 839f

hepaticojejunostomy 957f

reconstruction 842

Roux-Stasis syndrome 840

Rovsing's sign 1272

Royal Marsden Staging for Testicular Cancer 2033t

Ryelonephritis, acute 304, 2053, 2054

Sacrococcygeal teratoma 1797, 1857

Altman classification of 1858f

Salicylic acid 1950

derivatives 1048

Saline infusion test 1668

Salivary ducts 1883f

Salivary gland 1873, 1874, 1878, 1887t, 1889

benign neoplasms of 1900

lesions, treatment of 1883

surgery 134

tissue 1880f

tumors 2115

Salmonella colitis 1154

Salmonella enterica 350

Salmonella typhi 1207

Salvage esophagectomy 861

Saphenofemoral junction 1388f

Saphenofemoral venous bypass 1445

Saphenopopliteal bypass 1445

Saphenous vein 1417f

bypass grafting, retrograde 1506f

Sarcoidosis 1459, 1548

Sarcoma 1136, 1217, 1558, 1967

Sarcomatoid carcinoma 2115

Sartorius muscle, transposition of 2031f

Scarpa's layer 1935

Scars, radial 1540, 1540f

Schistosomiasis 352

Sclerosis 1540

multiple 777

peritoneal 1744

Scott syndrome 102

Scrotal edema, idiopathic 2050

Scrotal hemangiomas, multiple 2049f

Scrotal pain, acute onset 304

Scrotum, squamous cell carcinoma of 2050f

Seat belt injury 1194f

Sebaceous carcinoma 1948

Sebaceous cyst 1948, 2048

Sebaceous nevus 1949, 1955

Sebaceous skin cancer 1963

Seborrheic keratosis 1948, 1951

Secretion 52

Sedation score 231

Seizures 1797

post-traumatic 613

Seminoma 2032, 2136

Sensation, anorectal 1106

Sensory nerves 149

Sentinel loop 973

Sentinel lymph node biopsy 1582, 1583t, 1597

Sentinel node 2030

Sepsis 26, 438, 566, 1777, 1793

anorectal 1122f

control of 1203

drainage of 1758

intra-abdominal 158f, 1776

plus organ dysfunction 438

postsplenectomy 147, 1026

Seroma 1905

Serous cystadenoma 999

Serrated polyposis syndrome 1081

Serum carrier protein testicular cell 322

Severity Scale classification system 631

Sexually transmitted

disease 1120

infections 1139

Shigella colitis 1154

Shock 199, 425, 429, 528, 822

cardiogenic 426, 437, 2099

hemorrhagic 435, 706

neurogenic 436

obstructive 439

resuscitation 432

septic 199, 437, 438, 438t, 439t

traumatic 440

Short bowel syndrome 1204, 1773, 1834

Shoulder

acute pain 307

persistent pain 307

Shunt thrombosis 1259

Sialadenitis 1878, 1884

acute 1878, 1884

chronic 1879, 1884

Sialendoscopy 1877

Sialolithiasis 1879, 1884

Sickle cell anemia 1286

Sigmoid colectomy 1094f

Sigmoid colon, carcinoma of 1092, 1094f

Sigmoid volvulus 1302f

Simultaneous pancreas 1765, 1781

Single nucleotide polymorphisms 1559

Sinuses 1897

Sinusitis 134

Sinusoidal obstruction 922

Sitophobia 1508

Sjögren's disease 1884

Sjögren's syndrome 989

Skeletal muscle 131f

Skeleton, metastatic disease of 1980

Skin

abrasions 134

associated infection 1546

cancer 1720f, 1949, 1953

non-melanoma 1720, 1720f, 1956

types of 1963

changes 1458

closure methods

advantages of 60t

disadvantages of 60t

defect 1889f

graft 1919, 1940

incisions 1534f

layers and structures of 740f

staples 60

structure of 1947

substitutes 742

tumors 1947

classification of 1948t

diagnosis 1947

management of 1964

ulcer, chronic 195

Skull fracture 285, 607

Sleep apnea, obstructive 868

Sleeve gastrectomy 874, 880

Small bowel 1185, 1733

carcinoma 1218f, 1283

distal 295

distention, massive 1298f

enema 1210f

injury 1203f

ischemia 676f

segmental 1213f

obstruction 295, 821, 879, 1055, 1169f, 1194, 1274f, 1278, 1295f, 1309

causes of 1290t

perforation 1209f

tumors 1214

Small buccal membrane cancer 1912f

Small cell

carcinoma 2115

lung cancer 2114, 2116

Small duodenal gastrinoma 1686f

Small intestine 1185, 1290, 1832

Small omphalocele 1817f

Small renal masses 2012

Small saphenous vein 1429

Small thimble bladder 2045f

Small vessel vasculitis 1405, 1406

Smooth muscle 1948

Snakebite 99

Soap-bubble appearance 1834

Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons 1181

Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2070

Soft tissue 199

infection 130

necrotizing 131

malignant tumors of 1967

sarcoma 1855t, 1978, 1979f

tumors 1970

malignant 1978

Solar radiation 1555

Solid organs 1166

Solid pseudopapillary tumor 1001f

Solid tumor 99, 1652

metastatic 371

management of 323t, 324

Solitary cyst 900

Solitary neck mass 285

Solitary pulmonary nodule 288

Solitary rectal ulcer 1115

syndrome 1115

Somatostatinoma 1006

S-pancreatic polypeptide 1697

Spasm, arterial 706, 710

Sperm granulomas 2045

Spermatocele 2045

Spermatocytic seminoma 2032

Spherocytosis 1017

hereditary 1021

Sphincter injury 1106

Sphincter muscle 1139f

Sphincter of Oddi 244, 971, 974, 976

Sphincter pressure 785f

Sphincter procedures, pancreatic 1008

Sphincteroplasty 1008

Sphincterotomy 245, 246

endoscopic 981

Spider veins 1442

Spider's web of Budd-Chiari syndrome 936f

Spigelian hernia 1233, 1233f

Spinal accessory nerve 1894

Spinal column injury 618

Spinal cord 1438

injury 379, 617, 630, 687, 698

trauma 617

Spinal injuries 700f

Spindle cell

carcinoma 2012, 2115

neoplasm 1099f

nevus 1951

Spine injuries, classification of 699

Spitz nevus 1951

Spleen 297, 1013

epidermoid cyst of 1024

hematologic and immunologic functions of 1015

Splenectomy 654, 655, 757, 1019, 1020t, 1023–1025, 1027

laparoscopic 1025

Splenic artery, anatomy of 1014f

Splenic conservation, techniques of 1028f

Splenic cyst

nonparasitic 1020

post-traumatic 659f

Splenic flexure, carcinoma of 1092

Splenic function, normal 1014

Splenic Injury Grading System 656t

Splenic trauma, management of 757

Splenic vein thrombosis 1020

Splenorenal bypass 1418

Splenorenal shunt, distal 930, 930f

Splenorrhaphy 655, 1027

Split ileostomy 1061

Split skin graft 732

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 1166

Spontaneous ischemic colitis 1151

Squamous carcinoma in situ 1953, 2115

Squamous cell 2116f

antigenicity 322

carcinoma 1128, 1133, 1134, 1721f, 1883, 1889, 1909, 1947, 1954f, 1957, 2017, 2050, 2115

in situ, treatment of 1954

management of 1135

Squamous papilloma 2114

Stable burst fracture 699

Staghorn calculus 1992f

Stanford classification system 1520f

Staphylococcal infection 199

Staphylococcus aureus 7, 58, 125, 134t, 345, 413, 481, 1026, 1122, 1170, 1306, 1405, 1544, 1546, 1941

Staphylococcus epidermidis 39, 125, 138, 1168, 1435, 1544, 1794

Starling's hypothesis 1449

Stauffer's syndrome 2013

Steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic 868

Stenosis 1055, 1758

pulmonary 2084, 2106

tracheal 1803

Stensen's duct 1874

Sternal fractures 635

Sternocleidomastoid incision 547

Sternocleidomastoid muscle 1893, 1897

ipsilateral 1643

Steroid hormone synthesis, pathway of 1666

Steroidal hormone 326

Steroids 220, 223

Stocker classification 397

Stomach 248, 322, 813, 814f, 1831

complete procedure, greater curve of 930f

obstruction 295

portion of 874f

Stomal ischemia 1055

Stomal sepsis 1055

Stone disease 2001

Stone protein, pancreatic 989

Streptococcal infection 199

Streptococcus faecalis 1122

Streptococcus pneumoniae 140, 759, 1015

Streptococcus pyogenes 133, 155, 1459, 1807, 1941

Stress

fracture 307

gastric bleeding 26

gastritis 26

prophylaxis 26

incontinence 868

ulcer 831

Strictureplasty 1061

Stroke 339, 379, 1346

acute 285, 1347

ischemic 605

volume variation 434

Stromal tumor, colonic 1099f

Stump leak, duodenal 821

Subarachnoid hemorrhage 606

Subaxial cervical spine injury 628

classification 630, 631

Subclavian artery 582, 721

Subclavian steal syndrome 1348f

Subclavian vein 270, 271, 2122f

chronic occlusion of 1441f

compression of 1442f

junction 407f

Subcutaneous fat 1948

Sublingual gland 1874, 1875

Submandibular gland 1874, 1875, 1876f, 1877f, 1878f

Submucosal dissection, endoscopic 240, 1071

Submucosal gastrointestinal lesions 249

Submucosal lipoma 1215

Submucosal resection, endoscopic 242

Subserosal edema 438, 951

Subtotal colectomy 1049, 1094f

Subtotal parathyroidectomy 1654, 1683, 1683f

Succinate dehydrogenase mutations 1672

Sugarbaker parastomal hernia repair 1240f

Sugiura procedure 1259

Suicide 403

Sulfamethoxazole 133

Sulfasalazine 1988

Sulfonamides 155

Superficial femoral artery, distal 1382

Superior vena cava 420, 635, 2076, 2089, 2090, 2124

Suppurative thrombophlebitis 466f, 1435

Supraomohyoid neck dissection 1895f

Suprapubic

aspiration 1987

catheterization 1999, 1999f

Suprasphincteric fistula 1124f

Supraventricular arrhythmias, management of 25

Surgery

colonic 197

types of 323, 479

Swan-Ganz catheter 414

Sweat gland 1948

tumors 1951

malignant 1964

Sweet's syndrome 1412

Swelling, scrotal 2049

Syme's amputation 1477

Synchronous colonic cancer 1159

Syncope 1401

Syncytotrophic cells 2032

Synovial sarcoma 1979f, 2115

Synthetic function, loss of 892, 893

Syphilis 104, 118

Systemic hypothermia, management of 750

Systemic infection 1748

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 133, 158f, 199, 428

Systemic lupus erythematosus 777, 1018, 1404, 1412

vasculitis 1412f

Tachycardia 27, 170

Tachypnea 438

Tacrolimus 505, 1713

Takayasu's arteritis 1357, 1398, 1401t, 1402f

Takayasu's vasculitis 1400

Tamponade 927

cardiac 440, 642

Taylor vein patch technique 1389f

Tear, esophageal 295

Teardrop fractures 628

Technetium-99m sestamibi scan 1653

Temporary vascular shunts, placement of 582f

Tension-free prosthetic mesh repair 1224

Teratoblastoma, malignant 322

Teratocarcinoma 2032

Teratoma 2032, 2114, 2136

Testicular cancer, management of 2034

Testicular intraepithelial neoplasia 2032

Testicular torsion 1285

Testicular trauma 2042

Testicular tumor 1550, 2032

markers 1991

Testis 322

congenital anomalies of 2040

ectopic 2039

germ cell tumors of 2036

torsion of 2009, 2043

Tetracyclines 155

Tetralogy of Fallot 2092, 2093f

Thalassemia 21

Theophyline 1652

Therapeutic endoscopy 239

Thermal injury 729

Thiamin 448

Thiazide diuretics 1652

Thiersch loops 1115

Thoracic aorta

anatomy of 1353f

coarctation of 2087

traumatic transection of 766f

Thoracic aortic

aneurysms 1359

dissection 287, 1331f, 1522f

Thoracic artery, internal 2094, 2096

Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair 1523

Thoracic injury 533, 571, 576

Thoracic masses 1806

Thoracic operations 206f

Thoracic outlet syndrome 1441f

Thoracic stent graft 1427

Thoracic trauma 404, 633

Thoracic wall injuries 634

Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm

extent of 1358f

types of 1358

Thoracoabdominal bypass 1420

Thoracoabdominal injury 642, 643

Thoracoscopic esophagomyotomy 804

Thoracoscopy 171

Thoracotomy 231, 852

Thorax 197

Threadworm infestation 1132

Thrombectomy 1438, 1758

Thromboangiitis obliterans 1407

Thrombocythemia 102

Thrombocytopenia 438, 1017

heparin induced 96, 106, 1438

Thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic 102, 1017f

Thrombocytosis 108

Thromboembolic disease 378

Thrombolytic therapy 1438t

Thrombomodulin 88, 94

deficiency 103

Thrombophilias 1492

Thrombophlebitis, superficial 1434

Thromboprophylaxis 22

Thrombosis 706, 709, 1490, 1743, 1769

Thrombotic occlusion, acute 1490

Thromboxane synthase deficiency 102

Thymomas 2134

Thyroglossal duct cyst 1635, 1898

Thyroid 286, 322, 1634f

aberrant 2134

cancer 1638t, 1644

papillary 1637, 1693

carcinoma 1637

gland 1900

lymphoma 1639

nodule 285, 1641t, 1867

evaluation of 1640

parafollicular C cell of 322

paraganglioma 1639

stimulating hormone 1635

storm 1636

surgery 1633

Thyroidectomy 346f, 1636, 1643, 1688

principles of 1642

Thyroiditis 1637

subacute 1637

Tibial arteries 583

Tigecycline 133

Tissue

edema 57

elastography 251

expansion techniques, acute 1935

fibrosis 57

hemoglobin saturation 434

ischemia 57

plasminogen activator 103, 1495, 1869

inhibition of 287

retraction 167f

sampling techniques 1535

Tobramycin 136

Todani modification 944f

Tooth abscess 134

Toupet's partial fundoplication 791, 791f

Toupet's procedure 791

Toxic shock syndrome 133, 134t

Tracheoesophageal atresia, distal 1830f

Tracheoesophageal fistula

acquired 1803

distal 1829

Tracheostomy 484, 1643

Tranexamic acid 436

Transabdominal esophagomyotomy 805

Transabdominal preperitoneal prosthetic repair 1225

Transarterial chemoembolization 907

Transatlantic Intersociety Consensus Classification System 1386

Transcatheter aortic valve

prostheses 2108f

replacement 2107

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization 907

Transduodenal sphincteroplasty 1008

Transfusion

multiple 482

transmitted diseases 116

Transhiatal esophagectomy 853, 854f, 861

Transient ischemic attack 195, 284, 285, 1338, 1345

Transient monocular

blindness 1338, 1345

Transitional cell

atypia 1991f

carcinoma 2017

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt 929f, 1257, 1258

Transmural bowel necrosis 1505f

Transplant portal vein 1783f

Transpulmonary dilution 419

Transtibial amputation 1478

Transureteroureterostomy 684f, 2061

Transverse colon, carcinoma of 1092

Trauma 37, 99, 244, 288, 302, 346, 393, 572, 569, 574, 707, 717, 900, 1194, 1349

abdominal 404, 542, 564, 574, 1268, 1269

arterial 723f

hepatic 1039

pancreatic 1273

repair, techniques of 2058

splenic 1169f

surgery of 677

Trench foot 752

Trendelenburg tests 1432

Trichrome stain 152f

Tricuspid regurgitation 2106, 2109f

Tricuspid stenosis 2106

Tricuspid valve 2089, 2101, 2101f, 2109

disease 2106

repair 2109f

Tricyclic antidepressants 223

Triple lumen catheter, course of 408f

Trocar 175

insertion 171

placement 173

sites 175

Tropical infectious diseases 350

Trousseau's sign 75, 76

Truncal vagotomy 825, 826

Trypanosoma brucei 353

Trypanosoma cruzi 118, 801, 1155

infection 353

Trypanosomiasis 363

Trypsinogen activation peptide 972

Tube thoracostomy 351

Tuberculosis 339, 349, 350, 351f, 1020, 1207, 1459, 1547, 1727, 2044

Tuberculous epididymitis 2045f

Tuberculous lymphadenitis 1459

Tuberculous peritonitis 1167f

Tuberous sclerosis 1356, 2011

Tubular necrosis, acute 1749

Tubulovillous adenoma 1072f

Tumors 935, 1023, 1752, 1877f, 1909, 2013, 2026, 2029, 2033

abdominal 295

benign 835, 1214

biopsy 305

cardiac 2134

color of 2012

duodenal 1686

grade 1568

localization 1003, 1005

malignant 1217

markers 321

necrosis factor 49, 126

neurogenic 1901, 2134, 2135

node metastasis 912

nodules, multiple 1594f

papillary 2021f

resection of 1917

retroperitoneal 1172

size 1566

thymic 2134

types 2113

Tunica albuginea cysts, benign 2044

Typhoid 1269

fever 1207

ileal perforation 1269

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors 2014, 2016

Ulcer

bleeding, acute 1255

gastric 295, 516, 833

recurrent 830t

stomal 876

Ulceration

anorectal 1139

chronic 1949

Ulcerative aortic atheroma 1490f

Ulcerative colitis 295, 402, 1041, 1042f, 1043f, 1044, 1055, 1056, 1057t, 1150

Ulcers 1202

disease, duodenal 818f, 819t

duodenal 295, 516, 815, 817f, 819, 821f, 821t, 822f, 825, 825t, 834, 1187f, 1274f

non-healing 1469

perforation, duodenal 821

Ulnar arteries 721

Umbilical hernia 393, 1229f, 1813, 1814f

Umbilical infection 1814

Unilateral renal parenchymal disease 24

Unstable neurologic syndromes, management of 1346

Upper esophageal sphincter 774, 777

Upper extremity

aneurysms 1377

atherosclerotic vascular disease 1393

Upper gastrointestinal

barium study 834f

bleeding, causes of 1249f

cancer 385

endoscopy 238

hemorrhage, alternative causes of 835

Upper limb techniques 225

Upper respiratory tract infections, acute 221

Upper tract transitional cell carcinoma 2018f

Upper urinary tract obstruction 2001

Uremia 21, 22, 26, 57

Ureter

intestinal replacement of 2061

transplant 1747f

Ureteral evaluation, postoperative 2058

Ureteral injuries 682, 2057, 2060f

Ureteral stone 295

Ureteric calculi, bilateral 1994f

Ureteric cancer 2017

Ureteric injury 2057, 2058

Ureteric ligation 2002

Ureteric obstruction 1748, 2062

Ureteric stenosis 1748

Ureteric stricture 2001

bilateral 2045f

Ureteric tumors 2018f

Ureterocystoneostomy techniques 683f

Uretero-ureteral anastomosis 683f

Urethral fistula 1065, 2061

Uric acid 1990

Urinary catecholamines 1673

Urinary obstruction 304, 1797

Urinary outflow obstruction 1749

Urinary retention

acute 1997, 1998, 2055, 2061, 2062

chronic 1997, 2000

Urinary stones 2001

Urinary system 1166

Urinary tests 1987

Urinary tract 1987

complications 199

infection 142, 143f, 199, 2053

recurrent 304

obstruction 195, 1997

Urine collection, method of 1987

Urinoma 305

postoperative 2002

Urokinase 88

Urolithiasis 2054

management of 2055

Urothelial carcinoma 2001

Uterine

artery embolization 306

fibroids 304

rupture 574, 2059f

Uterus 306

Vaccine prophylaxis 1026

Vacuum assisted

biopsy 1536

closure 586, 742, 1517

Vagal reflex bradycardia 252

Vaginal anomalies 1826

Vaginal bleeding 304

Vaginal hydrocele 2046f

Vagotomy 825–827,

Vague abdominal pain 1211f

Vagus nerve 1894

Valsalva

maneuver 1433f, 2047

sinuses of 1353

Valve 1431

pulmonary 2102, 2106, 2109

replacement, pulmonary 2109

transplantation 1445

Valvular disease 287, 2105

Valvular heart disease 195, 2100

Vancomycin 23, 133

Vanillylmandelic acid 1673

Vanishing bile duct syndrome 1759f

Vanishing testis syndrome 2039

Variceal bleeding 1258f

acute 931, 1257

gastric 1258f

management of 931, 1259t

Variceal ligation, endoscopic 1257

Varicella 149

zoster 1718, 1719

infection 1719

Varicocele 2047

Varicocelectomy 2048

Varicose veins 195, 379

congenital 1454

Vascular calcification 1652

Vascular complications, peripheral 199

Vascular disease 1749

mesenteric 1211

peripheral 371, 1381

Vascular endothelial

growth factor 319f, 333, 1316, 2016

injury 103

Vascular graft infections 146

Vascular injury 174, 564, 581

Vascular malformations 1463, 1948, 1952

categories of 1465

congenital 1463

Vascular neoplasms 1952

Vascular proliferation 1948

Vascular resistance 170

pulmonary 170, 2084

Vascular shunt, temporal 565f

Vascular smooth muscle cells 1315, 1321

Vascular surgery 221, 1311

peripheral 221

Vascular trauma 705, 706, 708, 712, 714

management of 715

pathophysiology of 706, 709

signs and symptoms of 711

Vascular tumors, malignant 1967, 1977, 1980

Vasopressin 428, 2079

Vein 1327

femoral 271, 1742

hepatic 926f

pulmonary 2075, 2076, 2113

sarcoma, pulmonary 2115

splenic 673f, 1256f, 1783f

superficial 1429, 1430

thrombosis, mesenteric 1212, 1507

transposition 1445

Vena caval interruption 1440

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 432

Veno-occlusive disease 1752

Venous disease

acute 1434

chronic 1429, 1442

Venous hypertension 1743

Venous injuries 718

Venous insufficiency, chronic 1429, 1442f, 1444

Venous leg ulcers 62

Venous malformation 1464, 1948

Venous outflow

cannula 2076

obstruction, treatment of 1446

Venous stasis disease 57

Venous thromboembolism

acute 1429

prevention of 193

Venous ulcers 1444

Venovenous bypass 1751, 1755

Ventilation 224, 574

noninvasive 472

Ventilator associated

lung injury 471, 472

pneumonia 140, 141f, 469t

Ventral hernias 1228

Ventricular aneurysm 2099

Ventricular drain, external 610

Ventricular ejection fraction 287

Ventricular fibrillation 199

Ventricular function testing 492

Ventricular septal

defect 2083, 2084, 2091f, 2093f

rupture 2098

Veress needle 172, 172f, 175

method 953

system 173

Verruca vulgaris 1948

Verrucous carcinoma 1134

Vertebral arteries 583, 1326

dissection 1348

Vertebral body fractures 628

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency, signs and symptoms of 1347

Vertical banded gastroplasty 869, 872

Vertigo 1347

Vessels

abdominal 722

lymphatic 1459

mesenteric 583

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery 171

Vigorous achalasia 802

Villous adenoma 1073f, 1215

Villous edema 1199f

Villous polyp 1215f

Vipoma 1006

Viral

hemorrhagic fever virus infections 352

hepatitis 1752, 1753

infections 148, 351, 1269, 1955

warts 1948–1950,

Virchow's triad 103, 1435, 1769

Virginal hypertrophy 1537

Viruses 351

Viscera, protection of 1819

Visceral angiography 1260

Visceral artery 1327

aneurysms 1369

Visceral injury 175

Vision loss 285

bilateral 1347

Vital capacity 458

Vitamin

A 448, 450

intoxication 1652

D 448, 1650

deficiency 367

intoxication 1652

E 448, 450

K 448

Volkmann canals 260f

Volvulus 1773

gastric 781f

Vomiting 73, 83, 988, 1176, 1652, 1788

Von Hippel-Lindau disease 976, 2011

von Recklinghausen's disease 1979

von Willebrand's disease 101, 102

von Willebrand's factor 88–90,

von Willebrand's protein 101

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia 102

Wandering spleen, torsion of 1020

Warfarin induced skin necrosis 1438

Warthin's tumor 1879, 1881, 1887, 1900

Wartime vascular injury 558

Watson knife 1941

Waveform analysis, arterial 419

Wedge compression fracture 699

Wegener's granulomatosis 1405, 1406

Whipple's procedure 1187

Whipple's triad 1035

White blood cell 119, 1989

count 401, 980

Williams syndrome 2084

Wilms' tumor 393, 401, 1657, 1849, 1851, 1852f

Wilson's disease 922, 926, 1752, 1753

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 102

Wound 1796

acute 57, 60

care 1792

chronic 61, 1955

closure and scarring 1931

contraction 48, 53

dressings 63t

healing 47, 48, 53, 57t

adult 56t

fetal 55, 56t

infection 174

rate 57

management 56

tape 60

W-plasty 1934

Wuchereria bancrofti 354, 1452, 2050

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis 2067, 2067f

Xeroderma pigmentosa 1955

Yersinia enterocolitica 1207

Yolk sac tumor 2032

Zenker's diverticulum 800, 800f, 801f

Ziehl-Neelsen staining 1896, 2044

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 781, 817, 818, 829, 830, 831, 833, 1005, 1006, 1682, 1686f

Zoon's balanitis 2028

Z-plasty 1934, 1942, 1943

multiple 1943f

Chapter Notes