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Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Clinician’s Guide to 3D Imaging
Prashant P Jaju
CHAPTER 1:
History of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
INTRODUCTION
DEVELOPMENT OF CBCT MACHINE
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2:
Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Physics and Artifacts
INTRODUCTION
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CT
IMAGE ACQUISTION IN CBCT
Rapid Image Acquisition in CBCT
X-ray Generation
X-ray Detection
Image Intensifiers/Charge-coupled Device
Flat Panel Detectors
Image Reconstruction
Image Display
Multiplanar Reformation8
Ray Sum or Ray Casting
Three-dimensional Volume Rendering
FIELD OF VIEW
IMAGE QUALITY
Image Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Contrast Resolution
Image Noise
ARTIFACTS IN CBCT
Physics-based Artifacts
Noise
Beam Hardening
Patient-based Artifacts
Metal Artifacts
Motion Artifacts
Scanner-based Artifacts
Ring Artifacts
RADIATION DOSE
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3:
Need of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Dentistry
LIMITATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING
THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING
X-RAY BEAM LIMITATION
IMAGE ACCURACY
RAPID SCAN TIME
DOSE REDUCTION
DISPLAY MODES UNIQUE TO MAXILLOFACIAL IMAGING
REDUCED IMAGE ARTIFACT
CHAPTER 4:
Anatomical Landmarks on Cone Beam Computed Tomography
INTRODUCTION
VISUALIZATION OF CBCT IMAGES
MAXILLARY LANDMARKS
Nasopalatine Foramen/Incisive Foramen
Nasal Cavities
Maxillary Sinus
Greater and Lesser Palatine Foramen
Ethmoid and Sphenoid Sinuses
Frontal Sinus
Hard Palate and Soft Palate
Zygomatic Arch
MANDIBULAR LANDMARKS
Lingual Vascular Foramen
Mental Foramen
Anterior Loop of Mental Nerve
Mandibular Canal
Cervical Spine
Airway Space
Temporomandibular Joint
CHAPTER 5:
Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Prosthodontics
INTRODUCTION
CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN DENTAL IMPLANTOLOGY
Principles of Imaging for Dental Implant Assessment
Ridge Morphology
Quantity of Available Bone at Implant Site
Maxilla
Height or Width of Implant
Which is the Critical Parameter?
Does Sex Affect the Quantity of Bone?
Quality of Bone at Implant Sites
Recommendations by AAOMR for Role of CBCT in Dental Implantology7
CBCT-GUIDED IMPLANT SURGERY
Integration of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and CAD/CAM9
Clinical Workflows
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:
Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics and Airway Analysis
INTRODUCTION
CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN ORTHODONTICS
Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics3
Localization of Ectopic, Impacted and Supernumerary Teeth
Assessment of Root Resorption, Both from Ectopically Erupting Teeth as Result of Orthodontic Treatment Side Effect
Bony Dimensions in All Three Planes of Space
Asymmetry Evaluation
Cleft Lip and Palate
Airway
Temporomandibular Joint Analysis
Cephalometric Analysis
Orthodontic Cephalometry16
Orthognathic Surgery
Image-guided Surgery
Recommendations for Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics17
Future of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics
Virtual Models
Invisalign3
Insignia3
Suresmile3
Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Device Placement3
Software Advances25
Three-dimensional Superimposition
Three-dimensional Facial Photographs
CHAPTER 7:
Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodonticsand Caries Diagnosis
INTRODUCTION
CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN ENDODONTICS
Assessment of Root Canal Morphology
Dental Periapical Pathoses
Root Fractures
Root Resorption
Postoperative Assessment
Fractured Instruments
Calcified Canals
Recommendations of American Association of Endodontists for CBCT
CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN CARIES DIAGNOSIS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:
Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologies
INTRODUCTION
CBCT IN ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
Tooth Impaction
MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA
CBCT IN MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGIES
Benign Lesions and Cysts
Inflammatory Lesions
Foreign Body Detection
Soft-tissue Calcifications
CBCT IN ORAL CANCER AND OSTERADIONECROSIS
Temporomandibular Joint Imaging
Remodeling
Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory Arthritis
Internal Derangement
Ankylosis
Cleft Lip and Palate
CBCT IN EARS, NOSE AND THROAT
CBCT IN SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:
Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Periodontal Disease
INTRODUCTION
CBCT IN ASSESSMENT OF PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT SPACE
CBCT FOR PERIODONTAL DEFECT MEASUREMENTS
Furcation Craters, Buccal and Lingual Defects
SOFT TISSUE CBCT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF GINGIVAL TISSUE AND THE DIMENSIONS OF THE DENTOGINGIVAL UNIT
CBCT PRECISION IN ALVEOLAR BONE DENSITY MEASUREMENT
CBCT IN GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION THERAPY
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10:
Future of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
INTRODUCTION
DIGITAL IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION IN MEDICINE
Acquisition Devices
Picture Archiving and Communication Systems/Radiographic Information System and Radiographic Information Delivery
Image to Device Processes
SOFTWARE IMPROVEMENTS
Useful Software Improvements
FUTURE OF CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MACHINES
Future Studies on CBCT
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11:
Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Forensic Odontology
INTRODUCTION
CBCT IN DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION
CBCT IN SEXUAL DIMORPHISM
CBCT IN FACIAL APPROXIMATION
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12:
Limitations of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
INTRODUCTION
POOR SOFT TISSUE CONTRAST
LACK OF PRECISE HOUNSFIELD VALUES
RADIATION DOSE
DENTAL CARIES
COST OF SCANS
CONCLUSION
13:
Glossary
INDEX
TOC
Index
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