Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
Vascular Diseases Simplified
Sumit Kapadia
CHAPTER 1:
Acute Limb Ischemia
INTRODUCTION
Presenting Symptoms and Signs of Acute Embolic Occlusion
Factors Predisposing to Acute Thrombosis
Diagnosis of Acute Limb Ischemia
Color Doppler Imaging
Angiography
Echocardiography
Immediate Treatment of Acute Limb Ischemia due to Embolic Occlusion
Treatment of Acute Limb Ischemia due to Thrombotic Occlusion
CHAPTER 2:
Chronic Lower Limb Ischemia
INTRODUCTION
Etiology
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA
Intermittent Claudication
Ischemic Rest Pain
Ischemic Ulcers
Localized Gangrene
Extensive Gangrene
Palpation of Pulses
INVESTIGATIONS FOR LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA
Systemic
Specific Vascular Studies
TREATMENT OF LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA
Risk Factor Modification
Exercise Therapy
Pharmacotherapy
Revascularization
Surgical Treatment of Lower Limb Ischemia
Thromboendarterectomy
Arterial Bypass Surgery
Lumbar Sympathectomy
Endovascular Treatment of Lower Limb Ischemia
CHAPTER 3:
Varicose Veins
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF VARICOSE VEINS
Symptoms
Signs
Clinical Classification of Chronic Venous Disease
INVESTIGATIONS
Color Doppler
Plethysmography
Venography
TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS
Principles of Treatment
Medical Management
Compression Therapy
Foam Sclerotherapy
Surgery for Varicose Veins
Sapheno-femoral Ligation
Long Saphenous Vein Stripping
Sapheno-popliteal Junction Ligation
Short Saphenous Vein
Varicose Clusters
Perforator Veins
Endovenous LASER Ablation
Advantages of LASER
Disadvantages of LASER
Complications of LASER
CHAPTER 4:
Leg Ulcers
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIC FEATURES OF DIFFERENT LEG ULCERS
MANAGEMENT OF VENOUS ULCERS
Topical Wound Treatment
Compression Treatment
Surgery for Varicose Veins
Foam Sclerotherapy and Endovenous LASER
CHAPTER 5:
Vascular Malformations
INTRODUCTION
Hamburg Classification
CLINICAL FEATURES
Symptoms
Signs (Figs 5.4 to 5.11)
DIAGNOSIS
Doppler Ultrasound (Color Doppler)
MRI
Angiography
TREATMENT OF LOW-FLOW VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS
Conservative Treatment
Sclerotherapy
Surgery
Endovascular Embolization (Embolotherapy)
TREATMENT OF HIGH-FLOW Arteriovenous MALFORMATIONS
Surgery
Endovascular Techniques (Embolization and Sclerotherapy)
Indications
Sclerosants
Embolization Materials
CHAPTER 6:
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
CLASSIFICATION AND INCIDENCE
ANATOMY
ETIOLOGY
Congenital
Acquired
CERVICAL RIB
Soft Tissue Anomalies
Clinical Features of Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Differential Diagnosis
Physical Examination and Tests for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Investigations
Radiological Examiantion
Electrophysiological Studies
Noninvasive Vascular Laboratory Studies
Conservative Treatment
Indications for Surgery
Surgical Treatment
Transaxillary Approach
Supraclavicular Approach
Complications
Results
Clinical Features of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Investigations
Surgical Management of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Venous Component
Intermittent Obstruction
Management
Acute Thrombosis
Management
CHAPTER 7:
Hemodialysis Access Procedures
INTRODUCTION
HEMODIALYSIS
Contraindications to Hemodialysis
Complications of Hemodialysis
Disequilibrium Syndrome
Anaphylaxis
Vascular Access
Other Atypical Access Procedures
Criteria for Selection of Veins and Arteries for Dialysis Access
Vein
Artery
Types of Anastomosis
End to Side Anastomosis
Side to Side Anastomosis
Autogenous Fistula
Advantages
Disadvantages
Radiocephalic (Wrist) Fistula (Figs 7.2 to 7.4)
Brachiocephalic (Elbow) Fistula –2nd choice (Figs 7.5 to 7.7)
Autogenous Transposition AV Access Procedures
ARTERIOVENOUS GRAFT
Sites of AV Graft
Primary Sites
Others
Advantages
Disadvantages
Dialysis Access Salvage
COMPLICATIONS OF DIALYSIS ACCESS PROCEDURES
Thrombosed Dialysis Access
Management of Thrombosed AV Access
Bleeding
Infection
Pseudoaneurysm
Seroma
Steal Syndrome
Venous Hypertension
Neuropathy
High Output Congestive Cardiac Failure
CHAPTER 8:
Diabetic Foot
INTRODUCTION
FACTS
Neuropathy and Foot Ulceration
Role of Trauma
Role of Infection
Overview of Various Etiopathologies in Diabetic Foot Ulceration (Diagrammatic)
Neuropathy
Vascular Disease
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE DIABETIC FOOT
Medical History
Lower Extremity Diabetic Foot Examination
Vascular Examination
Neurologic Examination
Dermatologic Examination
Musculoskeletal Examination
Footwear Examination
DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS
Laboratory Tests
Imaging Studies
Bone Scan
Vascular Studies
Noninvasive Tests
CLASSIFICATION OF FOOT ULCERS
A. Wagner Classification
B. University of Texas Classification
C. PEDIS Ulcer Classification
D. SINBAD Classification
PREVENTIVE CARE OF DIABETIC FOOT
DIABETIC FOOT MANAGEMENT
Principles of Treatment
Local Wound Care
Wound Care Products to Maintain Moist Environment
Advanced Wound Care Products
Adjunctive Modalities
Control of Infection
Pressure Relief/Offloading
Methods of Pressure Offloading
Revascularization
Charcot foot/Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy
Diagnosis
Investigations
Treatment
CHAPTER 9:
Vascular Injuries
CLINICAL FEATURES OF EXTREMITY INJURIES
Hard Signs of Vascular Trauma
Soft Signs of Vascular Trauma
INVESTIGATIONS FOR EXTREMITY VASCULAR TRAUMA
X-ray
Audio Doppler
Color Doppler
Arteriography
TREATMENT OF EXTREMITY VASCULAR INJURIES
Principles of Vascular Repair
TREATMENT OF PSEUDOANEURYSMS AND AV FISTULAE
CHAPTER 10:
Deep Vein Thrombosis
INTRODUCTION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS
Virchow’s Triad
Clinical Features
Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism
D-dimer
Ultrasonography/Doppler
Contrast Venography
Ventilation-Perfusion Scan (V/Q scan)
Computed Tomography /Pulmonary Angiography
Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Aims of Treatment
Standard Treatment for Deep Vein Thrombosis
Duration of Oral Anticoagulation
Other Supportive Care
Catheter Directed Thrombolysis for Deep Vein Thrombosis
Femoral Thrombectomy
Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism
Role of IVC Filter
Prevention of VTE
CHAPTER 11:
Carotid Artery Disease
INTRODUCTION
PRESENTATION
NATURAL HISTORY OF CAROTID ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR CAROTID DISEASE
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Carotid Doppler
Computed Tomography Angiography
Digital Subtraction Angiography
MRI with MR Angiography
TREATMENT
Medical Therapy
Surgical Treatment
Incision
Steps
Postoperative Care
Complications
Endovascular Treatment
Hybrid Treatment
CHAPTER 12:
Portal and Mesenteric Vascular Disorders
INTRODUCTION
COMPLICATIONS OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
INVESTIGATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Lab Studies
Imaging Studies
Ultrasound and Doppler
Splenomegaly
Computed Tomography Scan
Endoscopy
Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient
Liver Biopsy
TREATMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Medical Treatment
Endoscopic Treatment
Surgical Treatment
Indications
Treatment Options
Total Shunt: Porto-caval Shunt (End to Side or Side to Side)
Partial Shunt: Central Splenorenal or Mesocaval Shunt
Selective Shunt Procedures: Distal Splenorenal Shunt
Devascularization Surgery
Liver Transplant
Endovascular Treatment
Complications of TIPS
INTRODUCTION
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIAGNOSIS
Surgery for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Thrombolysis for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
CHRONIC MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA
Clinical Features
Investigations
Conventional or CT Angiography
Treatment
Best Medical Management
Mesenteric Revascularization Surgery
Mesenteric Artery Angioplasty with Stenting
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear