Handbook of Endocrine Protocols Simon Rajaratnam, Anulekha Mary John
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Clinical Biochemistry—Reference RangesCHAPTER 1

Renal parameters
Sodium
135–145 mmol/L
Potassium
3.2–4.7 mmol/L
Bicarbonate
22–29 mmol/L
Chloride
95–105 mmol/L
Urea
15–40 mg/dL
Creatinine
0.7–1.4 mg/dL (male)
0.5–1.1 mg/dL (female)
Bone profile
Calcium
8.3–10.4 mg/dL
Albumin
3.5–5.0 g/dL
Phosphate
2.5–4.6 mg/dL
Alkaline phosphatase
40–125 U/L
Vitamin D [25(OH)D]
> 30 ng/mL
Parathyroid hormone
8–74 pg/mL
24-hour urinary calcium
50–300 mg/24 hr
24-hour urinary phosphate
400–1300 mg/24 hr
Lipid profile
Total cholesterol
< 160 mg/dL
Triglyceride
< 150 mg/dL
LDL cholesterol
< 100 mg/dL
HDL cholesterol
> 40 mg/dL
Liver function tests (LFT)
Bilirubin total
0.5–1 mg/dL
Bilirubin direct
0.1–0.5 mg/dL
Protein
6.0–8.5 g/dL
Albumin
3.5–5.0 g/dL
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT)
5–40 U/L
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST or SGOT)
8–40 U/L
Alkaline phosphatase
40–125 U/L
2
Diabetes
Glucose
Fasting (AC)
Normal
70–100 mg/dL
Impaired fasting glucose
100–125 mg/dL
Diabetes mellitus
≥ 126 mg/dL
2-hour post meal(PC)
Normal
< 140 mg/dL
Impaired glucose tolerance
140–199 mg/dL
Diabetes mellitus
≥ 200 mg/dL
HbA1c
Normal
< 5.7%
Pre-diabetes
5.7–6.4%
Diabetes
≥ 6.5%
C -Peptide
1.1–5.0 ng/mL
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
antibody
< 5.0 U/mL
Anti-islet cell antibody
< 7.5 U/mL
Insulin (fasting)
0–30 μIμ/mL
Urine microalbumin
< 30 mg/gCr
< 20 mg/min
Urine protein/creatinine
< 0.35 mg/mg
24-hour urine protein
50–150 mg/24 hr
Hormone assays
Thyroid
Total thyroxine (TT4)
4.5–12.5 μg/dL
Free thyroxine (FT4)
0.8–2.0 ng/dL
Total T3
90–190 ng/dL
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
0.3–4.5 mIU/L
Thyroid antibodies
  • Antimicrosomal (TPO) antibodies
< 50 IU/mL
  • Antithyroglobulin antibodies
< 100 IU/mL
Thyroglobulin (Post-thyroidectomy)
< 1 ng/mL
Calcitonin
0–50 pg/mL
Adrenal
17 OH-progesterone
Men
0.4–3.3 ng/mL
Women (Follicular phase)
0.1–1.2 ng/mL
(Luteal phase)
0.4–4.8 ng/mL
3
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS)
Men
80–560 μg/dL
Women
35–430 μg/dL
Plasma renin activity (PRA)
Supine
0.05–2.3 ng/mL/h
Upright
1.3–4.0 ng/mL/h
Aldosterone
Supine
10–160 pg/mL
Upright
40–310 pg/mL
Urine metanephrine
< 350 mg/day
Urine normetanephrine
< 600 mg/day
Pituitary
Human growth hormone (Basal)
0–5.0 ng/mL
  • (1 hour post glucose)
< 0.6 ng/mL
  • (2-hour post glucose)
< 0.6 ng/mL
Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
  • 10 years
88–452 ng/mL
  • 20 years
127–424 ng/mL
  • 26–30 years
117–329 ng/mL
  • 46–50 years
94–252 ng/mL
  • 66–70 years
69–200 ng/mL
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
0–46 pg/mL
Cortisol
  • Basal (morning)
7–25 μg/dL
  • Post synacthen (30 and 60 minutes)
> 20 μg/dL
  • Post dexa
< 1.8 μg/dL
24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC)
0–50 μg/24 hrs
Gonadal Hormones
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (women)
Follicular phase
3.9–10 mIU/mL
Mid-cycle
6.6–29 mIU/mL
Luteal phase
2.3–8 mIU/mL
Postmenopausal
26–139 mIU/mL
Men
1.7–11 mIU/mL
Luteinizing hormone (LH) (women)
Follicular phase
0.5–18 mIU/mL
Mid-cycle
15–80 mIU/mL
Luteal phase
0.5–18 mIU/mL
Postmenopausal
16–64 mIU/mL
Men
0.5–10 mIU/mL
4
Estradiol
Follicular phase
0–0.587 nmol/L
Luteal phase
0.1–0.91 nmol/L
Progesterone
Follicular phase
1.00–3.80 nmol/L
Mid-cycle
1.70–50 nmol/L
Luteal phase
2.30–56.60 nmol/L
Prolactin
Women
1.9–25.0 ng/mL
Men
2.5–17 ng/mL
Testosterone
Women
50–120 ng/dL
Men (20–49 years)
270–1030 ng/dL
(> 50 years)
212–755 ng/dL
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
Women
26.1–110 nmol/L
Men
14.5–48.4 nmol/L