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Manual of Community Health Nursing Practice
Jacintha D’ Souza
UNIT 1:
Orientation to Community Health and Community Health Nursing
Introduction
Community
Rural Community
Characteristics
Urban Community
Characteristics
Health
Community Health
Scope of Community Health
Purpose of Community Health
Community Health Nursing
Goals of Community Health Nursing
Objectives
Scope of Community Health Nursing
Community Health Nurse Preparation
Scope of a Community Health Nurse
UNIT 2:
Principles, Philosophy, Qualities and Functions of Community Health Nurse
Principles of Community Health
Principles of Community Health Nursing
Philosophy of Community Health Nursing
Selection of the Area for Providing Community Care
Qualities of a Community Health Nurse
Functions of a Community Health Nurse
Managerial Functions
Nursing Functions
Educational Functions
Other Work
Role of Community Health Nurses
Community Needs Assessment (CNA)
What is it?
Types
Steps of Community Needs Assessment (Fig. 2.2)
Types of Community Needs Assessment— Strategies for Planning and Organizing
Implementing a Community Needs Assessment
Conducting a Community Level Needs Assessment
Tools for an Effective CLNA Project
Assessment
Community Demographics
Consumer Leadership
Service Gaps
Methodology and Data Collection: How to Get Information for the Assessment
Community/Social Survey
Community Mapping
Seasonal Calendar
Focus Group Sessions
Introduction
Objectives
Community Identification
Indications
Points to be Kept in Mind
Equipment or Tools Required
Procedure
Guidelines for Community Identification
Activity
Preparing a Report of Community Profile
Check Your Progress
Introduction
Objectives
Preparing a Map of the Community
Indications for Preparing a Community Map
Points to Keep in Mind
Articles Required for Preparing a Map
Procedure
Enlarging the Map
Placement of Map
Activity
UNIT 3:
Community Health Nursing Practice: Philosophy and Objectives
Introduction
Philosophy of the Department of Community Health Nursing
Objectives
UNIT 4:
Family as the Unit of Service
Introduction
Family, Individual and Community as a Unit of Service
Biological Unit
Psychological Unit
Cultural Unit
Economical Unit
Sociological Unit
Epidemiological Unit
Defining the Family
Family Structure
Genogram
Genogram Symbols
Genogram Contents
Family Relationships
Emotional Relationships
Social Relationships
Ecogram
Ecomap Symbols
Family Roles
Role of the Family
Functions of the Family
Functions of the Family as per Duvall and Miller, 1985)
Objectives/Goals of Family Health
Family Developmental Tasks
Principles of Family Healthcare
UNIT 5:
Family Nursing Process
Introduction
Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Genogram
Please Note
UNIT 6:
Home Visit
Principles of Home Visit
Steps for Home Visit
Guide for Home Visit
Meeting the Family
Fact Finding
Introduce Yourself
Examination and Analysis of the Facts
Planning Action with the Individual or Family
Action
Follow Through
Evaluation of Service
Numbering the Houses
Community Register/Family Folder
UNIT 7:
Bag Technique
Objectives
Description of the Bag
Special Considerations in the Use of the Bag
Equipments in the Bag
Principles to be Followed
Bag Technique
Before starting work
Note
UNIT 8:
Procedures
Oral Temperature
Purpose
Articles Needed
Procedure
Axillary Temperature
Rectal Temperature
Articles Needed
Procedure
Collecting Specimen for Sputum Examination
Direction
Urine Analysis
Articles Needed
Instructions
Using Spirit Lamp
Test for Albumin
Test for Sugar
Using Candle
Instructions
Procedure: Using Uristick (Fig. 8.3)
Steam Inhalation
Objectives
Requirements
Procedure
Checking of Hemoglobin
Prick Test
Objective
Articles Needed
Procedure
Sahli's Method
Materials Needed
Method
Wound Dressing
Objectives
Guidelines
Articles Required
Preparation of Saline
Procedure
Aftercare of Equipment
Injection Procedure
Objectives
Guidelines
Articles Required
Procedure
Aftercare of Equipments
Blood Smear for Malaria Parasite
Blood Collection for Thick or Thin Blood Smears (Fig. 8.7A)
Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria
Testing for Refractory Error
“20/20” (or “6/6”) vision
Articles Required
Steps
Assessment of Nutritional Status
Purpose
Articles Required
Procedure
Format
Physical Examination
Purpose
General Principles to be Observed during Physical Examination
Article Required
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Manipulation
General Examination or Head to Toe Examination
General Appearance
Mental Status
Posture
Skin Condition
Head and Face
Skull Circumference
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Mouth and Pharynx
Neck
Chest
Abdomen
Genitals and Rectum
Vital Signs
Anthropometric Measurements
Principles of Weighing
To Weigh the Infant (First Year of Life) (Fig. 8.14)
Using Scale with a Platform
To Weigh Children and Adults
To Weigh by Portable Weighing Scale
Taking the Weight
Note
Calculation of Weight
Degree of Malnutrition as per Nutritional Values
Measurement of Height
Purpose
Calculation of Height
To Measure a Newborn Child or Infant
Method 1
Method 2
To Measure Height of School Children and Adults
Method of Making a Improvized Height Rod
Method of Measuring Height (Fig. 8.19)
Head Circumference
Method of Measuring Head Circumference
Observation
Chest Circumference
Method
Mid-arm Circumference (Figs 8.22 to 8.24)
Method
Growth Monitoring by Using Growth Chart
Purpose of Growth Monitoring
Uses of Growth Chart
The Growth Chart
Developmental Milestones in Children
Nutritious Diet Preparation
Barley Water (Thick)
Barley Water (Thin)
Arrowroot
Dal (Lentil) Soup
Rice Porridge
Wheat Green Gram Laddu
Khichdi
Hyderabad Mix
Tomato Juice
Porridge
Tomato Salad
Ingredients
Preparation
Egg Custard
Steamed Fish
Antenatal Assessment
Objective
Articles Required
Procedure
Physical Examination
Abdominal Examination
Preparation (Fig. 8.26)
Inspection (Fig. 8.27)
Health Education Program
Health Education Proposal Format
In-service Education Proposal
Guidelines
Proposal Format
Budget Plan
Term Paper Proposal Format
Guidelines
Term Paper Proposal
Chlorination of the Well
Purposes
School Health Program
Guidelines to Initiate School Health Program
Step-1
Step-2
Step-3
Step-4
Step-5
Step-6
Step-7
Step-8
Step-9
Proposal for School Health Program
Organizing Clinics and Camps
Organizing a Camp or a Clinic in the Community
Types of Clinics
General Clinic
Maternal and Child Health Clinics
Specialty Clinics
Types of Camps
Selecting AV Aids for Health and Nutrition Education
Basic Skills
Preparation and Use of Low-cost AV Aids
Posters for health education can be made to suit the need for the occasion as follows:
Care Plan Format
Guidelines for Community Health Nursing Family Case Study
For BSc and PBBSc Nursing Students
Guidelines
A. Community setting
B. Community resources
C. Social agencies
D. Education institutions
Proforma
APPENDICES:
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
INDEX
TOC
Index
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