Review of Pathology and Genetics Gobind Rai Garg, Sparsh Gupta
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FM1Review of Pathology and Genetics
Review of Pathology and Genetics
Seventh Edition
Gobind Rai Garg MBBS MD (Gold Medalist) Ex-Assistant Professor (Pharmacology) MAMC, Delhi, India Director Ayush Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi India Sparsh Gupta MBBS MD (Gold Medalist) Assistant Professor (Pharmacology) VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India
FM2
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© 2015, Gobind Rai Garg, Sparsh Gupta
The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers.
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Assistant Editors: Mrs Praveen Kumari, Mrs Krishna Gupta
Review of Pathology and Genetics
First Edition: 2009
Second Edition: 2010
Third Edition: 2011
Fourth Edition: 2012
Fifth Edition: 2013
Sixth Edition 2014
Seventh Edition 2015
9789351528678
Printed at
FM3Dedicated to
My parents, wife Praveen, son Ayush and other family members
Gobind Rai Garg
My family members and my teachers (Shri SK Suri and Mrs V Gopalan)
Sparsh GuptaFM4
FM5Preface to the Seventh Edition
We acknowledge the support shown by each of our esteemed readers (present and past) for placing the book at the numero uno position amongst the pathology books for PGMEE. To meet the expectations of students, we have tried to further improve this seventh edition.
The book has been fully colored to increase its appeal to the esteemed readers. We have intentionally chosen the topic of ‘Immunology’ because apart from being very important, it is considered as one of the most difficult chapters of Pathology.
Dear friends, the apprehension regarding the National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) has now been taken care of as the examination pattern has not been modified drastically. Cracking the NEET exam and other important PG examinations require a thorough knowledge and understanding of the subject. Readers of this book have got an edge over others because of the strong theory and conceptual questions. This along with the key points given under the heading of various boxes in the chapters has helped many of you to get extremely good ranks in NEET 2013, 14 and 2015.
It is a humble request from our side that all the chapters (and not only general pathology) of this book has to be read by the student so as to maximise the benefit. This is because many additional concepts and questions asked frequently in the exam have been explained in systemic pathology chapters. This is one important point which came as a gist differentiating the people getting a good rank in NEET versus those who did not.
In our constant endeavour to improvise the book, there has been incorporation of important additions in almost all chapters along with the new section of Most recent questions. The question bank of the every chapter has been subdivided into smaller portions. It will help students to solve MCQs after reading the theory of a particular topic of a chapter.
For getting a grasp on the NEET questions in a better way, a new section in the end comprising of Image Based Questions has also been added.
In this seventh edition, we have added a lot of diagrams and flow charts to make learning interesting and easier. Another salient feature of this edition is the updating of appropriate authentic references from standard textbooks particularly in regard to the controversial questions so that reader gets all the relevant information under one roof. Other salient features of the current edition are:
We have fully revised the book and corrected the typographical and some other errors present in the previous editions. We have also added plenty of vital information under the heading of ‘Concept’, ‘Info’ and ‘Subject Links’ at multiple places in almost all the chapters in the book. Further, we have also expanded some of the old topics.
Questions from latest entrance examinations of AIIMS have been added. Several other questions have been incorporated from PGI, DNB and other state PG entrance examinations. In some topics, there are contradictions between different books. In such a situation, we have quoted the text from Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition.
To help the students to understand the subject better, Dr Gobind has started Ayush Institute of Medical Sciences. Any query regarding the admission in the same maybe addressed to Dr Gobind at the under mentioned e-mail ID.
We must admit hereby that despite keeping an eagle's eye for any inaccuracy regarding factual information or typographical errors, some mistakes must have crept in inadvertently. You are requested to communicate these errors and send your valuable suggestions for the improvement of this book. Your suggestions, appreciation and criticism are most welcome.
April 2015
Gobind Rai Garg
Sparsh Gupta
FM6Preface to the First Edition
Pathology is one of the most difficult and at the same time most important subject in various postgraduate entrance examinations.
As we experienced it ourselves, most of the students preparing for postgraduate entrance examinations are in a dilemma, whether to study antegrade or retrograde. Antegrade study takes a lot of time and due to bulky textbooks, some important questions are likely to be missed. In a retrograde study, the students are likely to answer the frequently asked MCQs but new questions are not covered. We have tried to overcome the shortcomings of both of the methods while keeping the advantages intact.
In this book, we have given a concise and enriched text in each chapter followed by MCQs from various postgraduate entrance examinations and other important questions likely to come. The text provides the advantage of antegrade study in a short span of time.
After going through the book, it will be easier for the student to solve the questions of most recent examinations, which are given at the end of the book.
Eighth edition of Robbins is just to strike the Indian market. We have arranged this edition directly from US and added the references from its text. Further, important differences between 7th and 8th edition of Robbins have been mentioned with the relevant questions.
It is very difficult and at times very confusing to remember large number of pathological features. To make learning easy, several easy to grasp MNEMONICS have been given throughout the text.
Despite our best efforts, some mistakes might have crept in, which we request all our readers to kindly bring to our notice. Your suggestions, appreciation and criticism are most welcome.
Gobind Rai Garg
Sparsh Gupta
FM7Acknowledgments
When emotions are profound, words sometimes are not sufficient to express our thanks and gratitude. With these few words, we would like to thank our teachers at University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, for the foundation they helped to lay in shaping our careers.
We are especially thankful to Dr KK Sharma, Ex-Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, UCMS, Delhi who has been a father-figure to whole of the department. Prof CD Tripathi, (Director-Professor and Head, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital).
We would also like to acknowledge the encouragement and guidance of Prof CD Tripathi, (Director Professor and Head,Pharmacology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital), Dr SK Bhattacharya (Professor and Head, Hindu Rao Hospital), Dr Uma Tekur (Director Professor, MAMC), Col (Dr) AG Mathur (Professor, ACMS), Dr Vandana Roy (MAMC) and Dr Shalini Chawla (MAMC), all professors in the department of Pharmacology, in the completion of this book.
We feel immense pleasure in conveying our sincere thanks to all the residents of department of Pharmacology at VMMC, MAMC and ACMS for their indispensable help and support.
No words can describe the immense contribution of our parents, Ms Praveen Garg, Ms Ruhee, Mr Nitin Misra, Ms Dhwani Gupta, Mr Rohit Singla and Mrs Komal Singla, without whose support this book could not have seen the light of the day.
We want to extend our special thanks to Dr Sonal Aggarwal (ESI Hospital, Delhi) and Dr Raina SG (AIIMS, Delhi) for their unconditional support in the making of this edition.
We would also like to extend our special thanks to Dr Sonal Pruthi (UCMS, Delhi), Dr Smiley M Gupta (Kerala), Dr Saurabh Jain (TSMA, Tver, Russia), Dr Amrita Talwar (ACMS, Delhi), Dr Avinash A, Dr Nikita Mary Baby, Dr Mamta Nikhurpa, Dr Rihas Mohammed, Dr Anuradha Tiwari (ACMS, Delhi) and Dr Sandeep Goel (MD Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS).
Although it is impossible to acknowledge the contribution of all individually, we extend our heartfelt thanks to:
Last but not the least, we would like to thank Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, publishers of this book and the entire PGMEE team, for their keen interest, innovative suggestions and hardwork in bringing out this edition.
April 2015
Gobind Rai Garg
Sparsh Gupta
FM9References
SYMBOLS USED IN BOXES ON ‘HIGH YIELD POINTS’
Key points
Definition
Mnemonic
Concept
Questions asked in most recent exam
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