Eighth Edition
Revised and Edited by
Arun BhadraKhanal(Kish Fellow, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA)
Lecturer of Biostatistics/Business Statistics/Quantitative Analysis for Management Golden Gate International College (TU), Nobel College (PU), Kathmandu, Nepal and
Nova International College, Kathmandu
(Affiliated to International American University, CA, USA) +
Senior Statistical Consultant, Project financed by ADB, GIZ, ICIMOD, HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation, UNDP
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Mahajan's Methods in Biostatistics for Medical Students and Research Workers
First Edition: 1967
Eighth Edition: 2016
9789351529095
Printed at
Lalit
(Born on Tuesday, September 12, 1944)
This work is dedicated to the loving memory of Author's only son, LALIT who lost his life on way to USA for higher studies in mechanical engineering, in the Air India Boeing accident near Mont Blanc on January 24, 1966, along with 116 others including the world-renowned Atomic Energy Scientist, Dr Homi Bhabha.fm6
fm7Preface
This eighth edition of Methods in Biostatistics for Medical Students and Research Workers was prepared with the goal of attracting a varied audience. For beginners to advanced level students and virtually all research workers, this edition should provide an introduction to statistical concepts in the biosciences and health sciences and desired coverage to applied statistical concepts. This edition is designed to meet the needs of beginners in diverse fields such as nursing, public health and biomedical sciences; and microbiologists, who are looking for a strong foundation in biostatistics with the aid of computer technology. For advanced level professionals working in the health field, this enlarged edition can serve as a useful reference.
In the current edition, many new formulas and real world problems have been included. This book does not require much complex mathematics.
For most of the practical problems included in the text, we discuss the use of computer software for smart and efficient calculations. Although there are varieties of statistical softwares in the market, this edition includes the use of Microsoft Excel and SPSS. We felt it was a deemed necessity for today's world.
Changes and Updates to this Edition
Virtually all chapters have been corrected. However, chapter-wise the following significant changes have been made:
- Chapter 2: A new Map Diagram (Figure 2.17) for the Infant Mortality Rate of 1989 data are replaced by the recent 2011 data.
- Chapters 3 and 4: An Appendix on Chapters 3 and 4 has been tailored at the end of Chapter 4. This appendix includes a thorough concepts and formulae for Arithmetic Mean, Median, Quartiles, and Graphical Approaches to Median and Quartiles and Ogive curves. Many solved and answer supplied problems have been added.
- fm8Chapter 5: Further Notes on Normal Probability Distribution has been added that provides a sound and clear concept of Normal Distribution in theory and practical.
- Chapter 7: Further Notes on Probability has been included that supplies concepts of Basic Probability, Conditional Probability, Special Terminologies like False Positive, False Negative, True Positive, True Negative, Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, Predictive Value Positive and Predictive Value Negative. Similarly, Binomial Probability Distribution Function is given as per modern day's need. Microsoft Excel's inbuilt formula for calculating Binomial Probability has been explicitly explained. A PhD Case Problem from Allahabad Agricultural Institute (AAI-Deemed University) has been brought to maintain the standard of this text to that level.
- Chapter 19: The chapter, "Biostatistical Analysis: An SPSS Manual" was new and most important since the seventh edition (a sole input of the editor) has been further revised as it has become a backbone for massive data analysis in any research works. This chapter has become a powerful dose to SPSS training course.
Arun Bhadra Khanal
fm9Acknowledgments
Many people have contributed in a variety of ways in the preparation of this text.
It would not have been possible to initiate and complete the project without the high quality cooperation, support and guidance provided to me, at all levels and stages, by the personnel of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India. I am indebted to all, directly and indirectly to the concerned individuals. Among the folks who have helped are, Mr Tarun Duneja (Director–Publishing), Ms Samina Khan (Executive Assistant to Director–Publishing), and Ms Kajal Bhattacharya (Executive Assistant to CEO) who provided invaluable inputs.
A very special thanks goes to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, who had brought the vision of publishing such work at the early stage. I am indebted to him.
I should also like to acknowledge my debt to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, Kolkata and Kathmandu Office staff for their constant support to communicate matters between Kathmandu and Kolkata in order to bring this text in such a nice form. Some of them are Mr Suman Samanta, Ms Shilpi Dutta, Mr Amit Khadka and Mr Dipesh Shrestha.
Thanks are credited to my colleagues, Dr Ram Chandra Sinha and Mrs Surya Devi Bajracharya, for their valuable suggestions and comments in due course. My warmest thanks go to James M Lepkowski, Professor of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, USA, whose technical supports played a significant role in bringing this text.
I wish to acknowledge the cooperation of my son Nirvik Bhadra Khanal, Computer Engineer, VTU, Karnataka, for easy facilitation of IT-related work from Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.