Index

Recent Advances in Pediatrics (Special Volume 26): Infectious Diseases I Suraj Gupte

PART 1: SPOTLIGHT: INFLUENZA
1:Pediatric Influenza: Overview
- INTRODUCTION
- PECULIARITIES
- HIGH-RISK CHILDREN
- ETIOLOGIC ASPECTS1,6-8
- EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS9,10
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS11-14
- DIAGNOSIS1,15,16
- PREVENTION
- MANAGEMENT1,5,19
- COMPLICATIONS19,20
- PROGNOSIS/OUTCOME
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
2:Seasonal Influenza: ABC and Beyond
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- TRANSMISSION AND SPREAD
- VIRAL SHEDDING
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS7-10
- COMPLICATIONS11-18
- DIAGNOSIS18-21
- TREATMENT19-21
- PREVENTION3,19
- PROGNOSIS
- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEASONAL AND PANDEMIC INFLUENZA
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
3:Influenza Pandemic 2009–10
- INTRODUCTION
- PANDEMIC 2009 IN A NUTSHELL
  - Special Features of the Pandemic
  - Case Definitions
- TREATMENT
- POSTPANDEMIC PHASE
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
4:Antiviral Drugs in Influenza
- INTRODUCTION
- TWO MAJOR CLASSES
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5:Influenza and Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- INTRODUCTION
- VARIOUS DEFINITIONS
- HYPERTHERMIA AS TREATMENT FOR INFLUENZA4
- AYURVEDIC MEDICINE AND INFLUENZA5,6
- ADDITIONAL INFLUENZA THERAPIES
- ROLE OF HOME REMEDIES IN INFLUENZA
- AYURVEDIC MEDICINES FOR INFLUENZA
- HERBAL MEDICINE FOR INFLUENZA
- HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES FOR INFLUENZA7–12
- CONTEMPORARY STATUS OF CAM IN INFLUENZA
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
6:Influenza Vaccines
- INTRODUCTION
- INFLUENZA VACCINES: ISSUES AND CONCERNS1-5,11-14
- INFLUENZA VACCINE: UNIVERSAL RECOMMENDATIONS
  - Influenza Vaccines1-5
    - Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV)
    - Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV)
- INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINES: RECOMMENDATIONS IN INDIA
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
7:Influenza: Future Perspectives and Directions
- INTRODUCTION
- NEWER AND FUTURE DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
- NEWER INFLUENZA VACCINES DEVELOPMENT
- OBESITY AND INFLUENZA VACCINE
- INFLUENZA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
- OVERCOMING THE PROBLEM OF ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE
- NEWER AND EXPERIMENTAL ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
- TOWARDS NOVEL ANTI-INFLUENZA THERAPEUTICS6-8
- SEROTHERAPY/ANTISERA IN INFLUENZA
- ROLE OF STATINS24,25
- HOPE FROM THE GENOME SEQUENCING PROJECT
- INFLUENZA, PSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA26,27
- CURBING INFLUENZA RESEARCH FOR BIOTERRORISM
- AVIAN INFLUENZA AND FUTURE INFLUENZA PANDEMIC (FIGS 7.3 AND 7.4)30,31
- NEXT INFLUENZA PANDEMIC: OTHER PROBABILITIES
- HALTING THE ADVANCES OF FUTURE PANDEMIC
- NEED FOR AN EFFECTIVE SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE
- INVESTMENT IN FURTHER RESEARCH
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
PART 2: VECTOR-BORNE VIRAL INFECTION DISEASES
8:Ebola Virus Disease
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY*
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- VACCINES
- MANAGEMENT DURING OUTBREAKS
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
9:A–Z Dengue
- INTRODUCTION
- DISEASE BURDEN
- HISTORICAL LANDMARKS
- ETIOLOGIC VIRUSES
  - Transmission and Spread
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS9-12
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - Old Classification
  - New Classification
- CLINICAL ASPECTS
- DIAGNOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT9-13
  - Supportive Treatment
- COMPLICATIONS
- PROGNOSIS
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- DENGUE AND BIOTERRORISM
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
10:Chikungunya
- INTRODUCTION1-4
- DISEASE BURDEN4,5
- HISTORICAL LANDMARKS6,7
- ETIOLOGIC VIRUS
  - Transmission and Spread
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS11-15
- DIAGNOSIS16
  - Virus Isolation
- RT-PCR
  - Serology
- MANAGEMENT
- PREVENTION
  - Antimosquito Measures
- TREATMENT
  - Vaccine Development10,16,17
  - Passive Immunity
- PROGNOSIS
- CHIKUNGUNYA AND BIOTERRORISM18
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
11:Japanese Encephalitis: Issues and Concerns
- INTRODUCTION
- DISEASE BURDEN
  - Global
  - Indian
- HISTORICAL LANDMARKS1-4
- ETIOLOGIC VIRUS
- TRANSMISSION AND SPREAD5,6
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY7-11
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- UNICEF/WHO CASE DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION
- DIAGNOSIS12,13
- MANAGEMENT
  - Supportive Measures (Box 11.2)
  - Specific Measures14
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL15-19
- PROGNOSIS AND SEQUELAE
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
PART 3: BACTERIAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
12:Typhoid: Is There Something New?
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY
- MODE OF TRANSMISSION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- PROGNOSIS
- PREVENTION
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
13:Rickettsial Infections
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
  - Vectors and Transmission
  - Host Factors
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- COMPLICATIONS
  - Challenges in Diagnosing Rickettsial Infections
- INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
14:Leptospirosis
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Anicteric Leptospirosis
  - Icteric Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease)
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
  - Supportive Therapy
  - Antibiotic Therapy
- PREVENTION
- PROGNOSIS
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
PART 4: GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS
15:Acute Infectious Diarrhea
- INTRODUCTION
- PREVALENCE
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
- PREVENTION
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
16:Cholera
- INTRODUCTION
- DISEASE BURDEN3,4
- HISTORICAL LANDMARKS
- ETIOLOGIC AGENT
- TRANSMISSION AND SPREAD
- RISK FACTORS
- ETIOPATHOLOGY3-5
- COURSE OF INFECTION
- CLINICAL ASPECTS
- DIAGNOSIS
- COMPLICATIONS
- MANAGEMENT4-8
  - Rehydration
  - Pharmacotherapy
- OUTBREAK RESPONSE
  - Travel
- PREVENTION AND CONTROL
- PROGNOSIS
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
17:Abdominal Tuberculosis
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- INVESTIGATIONS
- LAPAROSCOPY25
- MANAGEMENT
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
PART 5: PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS
18:Adverse Events Following Immunization: Issues and Concerns
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- TYPES OF AEFI
  - Local Reactions
  - General/Systemic Reactions
- AEFI IN RELATION TO INDIVIDUAL VACCINES
- ETIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
- REPORTING OF AEFI
- VACCINE SAFETY AND AEFI MONITORING
- INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON VACCINE SAFETY
- GLOBAL STRATEGY ON SAFETY ISSUES OF VACCINES3,21-26
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
19:Immunization in India: 2015 and Beyond and the Need for Adopting ‘Health System’ Approach
- INTRODUCTION
- UIP IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND CURRENT STATUS
- UIP IN INDIA: WAY FORWARD FOR 2015 AND ONWARDS
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
20:Future Vaccines
- INTRODUCTION
- FUTURE VACCINES FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- FUTURE VACCINES FOR NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES23,24
- THERAPEUTIC VACCINES
- FUTURE BREAKTHROUGHS IN VACCINE DELIVERY SYSTEM
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
PART 6: PEDIATRIC THERAPEUTICS
21:Rational Antimicrobial Therapy
- INTRODUCTION AND EXTENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
- MODES OF ACTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND MECHANISMS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
  - Harmful Effects of Non-Judicious/Irrational Antimicrobials Use
  - How to Choose an Antimicrobial Agent Rationally/Judiciously
- PATTERNS OF USAGE OF ANTIMICROBIALS
- PROPHYLACTIC ANTIMICROBIAL USE
- ROLE OF LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTS
- ANTIMICROBIAL ROTATION
- ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP
  - What else can be done to prevent antimicrobial drug resistance? Strategies for the present and the future
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
22:Antiviral Medications in Pediatric Practice
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW
- ANTIHERPES VIRUS DRUGS
  - Acyclovir (Zovirax)
  - Ganciclovir (Cymevene)
- ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS
- ANTI-INFLUENZA VIRUS DRUGS
- MISCELLANEOUS (NONSELECTIVE) ANTIVIRAL DRUGS
  - Interferon-alpha-2a (Roferon-A)
  - Ribavirin (Ribavin)
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
PART 7: MISCELLANEOUS
23:Atypical Pneumonia
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- RISK FACTORS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
  - Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  - Combination Antibiotic Therapy
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
24:Pediatric Tuberculosis: Current Trends
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- NOTIFICATION
- NATIONAL CONSULTATION ON MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD TB
- KEY DEFINITIONS1-4
- KEY DEFINITIONS FOR TREATMENT OUTCOMES FOR CHILDREN WITH TB4
- DEFINITIONS FOR RESISTANT TB4
- DIAGNOSIS OF TB IN CHILDREN
  - Sample Collection
  - Techniques for AFB Isolation
- CATEGORIZATION OF CHILDREN WITH TB
- DRUG DOSAGES IN CHILDREN3,8
- INTERMITTENT VERSUS DAILY REGIMEN
- DURATION OF ATT
  - Drug Formulations
- LATENT TUBERCULOUS BACILLI INFECTION AND TB PREVENTIVE THERAPY
- ANTITUBERCULAR THERAPY INDUCED HEPATITIS
- MANAGEMENT OF ATT INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
- CORTICOSTEROIDS IN TB
- NEWER ANTITUBERCULAR DRUGS
- VACCINES AGAINST TB
- CHALLENGES IN PEDIATRIC RNTCP
- SPECIFIC ISSUES WITH PEDIATRIC RNTCP20,21
- DRUG-RESISTANCE IN CHILDHOOD TB
- PUBLIC-PRIVATE MIX IN RNTCP
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
25:Cerebral Malaria: Current Perspectives
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOGENESIS
  - Cytokines, Chemokines and Excitotoxic Effects
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- PROGNOSIS
- SEQUELAE
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
  - General Management of Severe Malaria
    - Management of Anemia
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
26:Pediatric HIV Infection/AIDS: Current Perspectives and New Guidelines
- INTRODUCTION
- HIV/AIDS IN INDIA: A BRIEF
- PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION FRAMEWORK
- EXISTING GUIDELINES
- NEW (2014) GUIDELINES11-13
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

INDEX

TOC
Index

Chapter Notes