A
Acid 172
base 374
balance 259
homeostasis 443
buffering 443
excretion, renal mechanisms of 444
homeostasis 228
retention, chronic 452
stone, nonuric 621f
Acidogenic diet 165
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 608
Acylcarnitine 232
Addison's disease 357
African green monkey renal epithelial cells 144
Air 595
Albumin 65
Alfuzosin 611
Alkaline urine 447
Alpha-intercalated cell 445f
Alpha-ketoglutarate 227
Ammonia 246
Amorphous silica 590
Anemia, hemolytic 458
Angiomyolipoma 589
Anodontia 464
Antegrade techniques 627
Antidiuretic hormone 489
Antiglomerular basement, development of 645
Antimicrobials 610t
Antiproteases 94
Antiretropulsion devices 663
Aonyx cinerea 163
Aortic dissection 589
Apoptosis 195
Aqueous crystallizing solution 25
Arachnocampa luminosa 162
Armamentarium 678
Aromatase 193
Arthralgia 356
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor 170
Ascorbic acid 10
Atomic bomb survivors 620
Avulsion 633
Azapeptide inhibitor 503
Azoospermia, obstructive 464
B
Bacteria 436
Balloon dilator, small 687
Bariatric procedures, surgical anatomy of 387f
Baseline tests 457
Basement membrane 156f
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 464
Benzbromarone 506
Benziodarone 508
Beta lactamase inhibitor 654
Betadine 655
Biplanar fluoroscopy 639
Bleeding 642
Boari flap reconstruction 633
Body surface area 416
alkaline phosphatase 304
cell 308
cellular functions 194
cortical thickness of 169
metabolic 473
severe 355f
treatment of 313
formation rate 306
fracture 6
histomorphometric findings 307t
histomorphometry 304
histopathology 303
marrow
biopsy 413f
stromal cells 195
mineral
resorption 171
structure 195
surface extension 306
turnover, biochemical markers of 304
Brush border membrane 199
Bypass kidney stone 118
C
Cakut’ syndrome 464
Calcitonin 235
Calcium 2, 165, 171, 187, 204, 226, 235, 246, 282, 283, 289f, 290, 299, 330, 331, 357, 386, 390, 393, 397, 417f, 508, 534, 535, 590
adaptation 196
chelator 227
citrate imbalance 343
daily excretions of 335f
influx, cumulative 264f
intake 310
integrative physiology of 246
kidney stones 278f
mineral distribution of 187
osteogenic source of 456
oxalate 28, 32, 33f, 40f, 55, 77, 80, 84f, 94, 100, 126, 143, 163, 173, 204, 321f, 322, 330, 334f, 337f, 341f, 343f, 351f, 417f, 455f, 502, 525, 547, 590, 593f
oxalate kidney stones 7t
stone, large 582f
oxalate renal stone 34f
idiopathic 104f
recurring 416
oxalate tissue deposits 416
oxalate trihydrate phase 29
oxalate uroliths 169
phosphate 22, 33f, 40f, 55, 83, 87, 89, 93, 100, 117, 162, 163, 204, 246, 321f, 330, 334f, 337f, 340f, 341f, 350f, 351f, 445, 455f, 459f, 502, 590, 707
amorphous 22
crystal interactions 143
interstitial 98f
precipitation, prevention of 246
spherulites 105f
plaque 99f
proximal tubule delivery of 293
reabsorption 294f
renal stones 278f
serum 328f
hyperuricosuric 523
prevention of 525
supplementation 399f
urate 91
wasting 473
Calciuria 471
Calgranulins 65
Calpodes ethlius 162
Calvarial cells 264f
Calyces 127
Cancer 522
Canine silica stones 164
Carbohydrates 7
Carbonate apatite 84
Carnitine 232
Caroli's disease 464
Cationic amino acids 455
Caveolin-1 scaffolding protein 169
C-cell hyperplasia 368
Ceftriaxone 505
Celecoxib 611
Central maltese cross pattern 524
Cephalexin 607
Cerebrospinal fluid 213
Charge-coupled device 660
Chemotherapy 523
Chlorhexidine 655
Chlorine 204
Chlorothiazide 537
Cinacalcet 175
Cirrhosis 451
concentration and excretion rates 229
oxidation, regulation of 234f
preparations 238t
renal handling of 231f
special role of 342
structure of 227f
supplementation 538
therapy 238
transport 230
Classical nucleation theory 18
Clavulanate 609
Clavulanic acid 608
Clindamycin 610
Clinical Research Office of Endourological Society 572
Colesevelam 397
Colestipol 397
Colitis, ischemic 589
Collagen mineralization 45
Collateral injury 668
Collecting duct cells 550
Colloidal surface texture 33
Colonic disease 381
Colony-forming units 591
Complex stone disease 601
Confusion 608
Controversies regarding radiation safety 619
Coumadin therapy 608t
Crohn's colitis 378
Crohn's symptoms 377
Crystal
aggregates 48
binding
epithelia 143
molecule 144
morphology of 157f
nucleation of 146
passage 322
retention 143
Crystallization inhibitors 342
Cumulative end-stage renal disease 545f
Cystic fibrosis 484
Cystic kidney disease 546
dimethylester 488
nephrolithiasis 93
bilateral 707f
formers 133
typical 94f
transport
pathophysiology of 482
physiology of 482
Cystitis 589
Cystoscopy 656f
Cytokines 68
Cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA 234f
D
da Vinci robot 669
Dalmatianization 163
D-amino-oxidase 436
Darunavir 503
Darwinian natural selection 226
Dead spots 148
Deafness 169
Dehydroepiandrosterone 192
Depression 356
Dicalcium phosphate 567
Diclofenac 611
Dietary alkali intake, estimation of 254f
Digital flexible ureteroscopy 661f
Dihydrate mineral phase 29
Dihydrotestosterone 192
Dihydroxyglutarate 418
Dimercapto-succinic acid 559
Distal calcium delivery 295f
Distal obstructive ureteral stone 600f
Distal renal tubular acidosis 87f, 98, 117, 131, 132f, 169, 325, 327, 448, 449t, 453, 454f, 459f, 467, 473, 455f
etiology of 448t
primary 217
Distal ureteric stones, management of 625t
Dorsal lithotomy 656f
Doxazosin 611
Drug-induced stones, treatment of 509
Ductal stones 127
Duodenal switch 389f
Dysfunctional elimination syndrome 532
E
Efavirenz 504
Egyptian Urological Association 699
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 464
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa 490f
Endocrine 357
Endoskeletons 162
Endourologic technique 668
Enteritis 589
Enterococcus faecalis 610
Epithelial calcium channel 169
Epithelial membrane antigen 146f
Epithelial phenotypical changes 147
Epithelial sodium channel 502
Epithelium, papillary surface 103f
Estimated glomerular filtration rate 551
F
Fanconi syndrome 169
Fanconi-Bickel syndrome 476
Fatigue 356
Fatty acids 385
Febrile complications 664
Fiberoptic technology 660
Fibromyalgia 589
Fistula, nephrocutaneous 691
Flies 165
Fluorescein 35
Fluoroscopy 594
Folate 232
Foraminal stenosis 589
Fosfomycin 610
Four-dimensional computed tomography 364
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 87
Framingham offspring study 261
G
Gallbladder 374
Gallstones 6
Gastric bypass 588
Gastrointestinal
absorption 56
alkali losses 326
anatomy and physiology 374
bleeding 591
calcium secretion versus absorption 279
disease 415f
Gene therapy 437
General endotracheal anesthesia 640
Genitourinary system 589
Gentamycin 149
Glafenine 504
Glands, hyperplastic 370
Glenn-Anderson ureteral advancement 689
Glenn-Anderson ureteroneocystostomy 689
Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor 465
Glomerulonephritis 546
Glomerulosclerosis 548
Glycogen 255
Glycolate oxidase 436
Glycoproteins 692
Glycosylation 62
Gnathostoma vietnamicum 163
Gonadal steroids 192
Gower's in vitro model system 31
G-protein-coupled receptor 190
Granulomatous disease 357
Granulomatous structures 157f
Guanosine triphosphate 228f
Gynecologic pelvic surgery 653
H
Hearing loss 458
Helicobacter pylori 507
Hemihypertrophy, congenital 464
Hemodialysis 435
Hemolysis 608
Hemolytic syndrome 608
Hepatic fibrosis, congenital 464
Hereditary hypomagnesemia-hypercalciuria syndrome 473
High magnification scanning electron microscopy 46f
High-resolution scanning electron microscopy 34f
Holmium laser fiber 662
Holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser 711
Human chorionic gonadotropin 612
Human idiopathic hypercalciuria 171t
Human immunodeficiency virus 502
Human serum albumin 65
Human xanthinuria 168
Hyaluronic acid 147f
Hydrogen ion buffering 262
Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase 418
Hypercalciuria 13, 80f, 89f, 100, 164, 169, 175, 176, 187, 204, 209, 217, 218, 259, 277f, 284, 287, 289, 303, 308, 336, 356, 451, 455, 456, 467, 469, 471–473, 474f, 475, 477, 506, 531, 532, 537, 538, 690, 705
acid-induced 297f
etiologic categories of 236
hyperprolactinemic 175
idiopathic 100, 259, 276, 277, 277f, 278, 279f, 280, 280f–284f, 285, 286f, 288f–290f, 292, 295f, 303, 305, 307t, 435, 476
protein induced 172
Hyperoxalemia 169
Hyperoxaluria 13, 84f, 149, 151, 169, 325, 387, 392, 393, 401, 412, 415f, 416, 507, 532, 538, 550, 705
moderate-to-severe 416
primary 84f, 98, 117, 138f, 143, 154, 155f, 169, 327, 412, 413, 413f, 414, 414f, 415f, 416t, 417f, 418, 418t, 432f, 433, 434, 482, 549, 591
severe 390
Hypersensitivity reaction 608
Hyperthyroidism 357
Hypertrophic disorders 464
Hypobicarbonatemia 444
Hypocalcemic hypercalciuria, autosomal dominant 325
Hypocitraturia 13, 14, 226, 230, 232f, 236, 237, 246, 381, 386, 402, 447, 452, 455, 456, 471, 473, 477, 506, 531, 532, 537
clinical pathophysiology of 236
idiopathic 237
mechanisms of 232f
Hypokalemic paralysis, episodes of 473
Hypothyroidism 357
Hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome 485
Hypouricosuria 496
I
Ibuprofen 611
Idiopathic calcium
phosphate stone formers 347
Ileocolitis 377
Indapamide 344
Indomethacin 473
Inflammatory response syndrome 609
Infundibular stenosis 570
Injury 349
Inositol hexaphosphate 57
Intact stone-plaque complex, examination of 110
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor 68
Interfacial energy, reduction of 21
International Cystinuria Consortium 484
Interstitial fibrosis, medullary 120
Intestinal calcium absorption 169
Intestinal lipase inhibitors 384
Intracellular carbonic anhydrase 255
Intracorporeal lithotripsy devices, development of 649
Intratubular crystalline deposits 117
Ionized plus complexed forms 188
Irrigation pressure 669
K
Kaplan-Meier analysis 559
Ketorolac 611
damage 433
disease 416
failure 433
function
monitored 434
preservation of 414f
reduced 416
loss of 642
consortium 413f
disease 565
formers, evaluation of 330t
history of 3f
natural history of 559
pathology of 215
prevention 8f
silica-induced 504
types of 44f
Krebs cycle 226
Kyphoscoliosis 356f
L
Lanthanum carbonate 397
Laparoscopic surgery, role of 698
Laxative abuse 404
Leukemias 357
Levofloxacin 607
Lich-Gregoir procedure 689
Linear growth 193
Lithium 357
Lithogenicity 508
aperture 640
electrokinetic 661
electromagnetic 566
intracorporeal 660
piezoelectric 566
pneumatic 661
technology 638
trigger shock waves 639
Loin-pain hematuria syndrome 468
Lowe's syndrome 475
Lower ribs, costochondritis of 589
Lymphomas 357
M
Macrocallista nimbosa 162
Macrolides 610
Macromolecules 57
Madin-Darby canine kidney cells 144
absorption of 248
ammonium 707
deficiency 375
mineral distribution of 187
oxalate 56
transport 200
urate 91
Mammalian nephron 445f
Marfan's syndrome 464
Matrix stones 581
Maximally acidic urine 447
Meckel's diverticulum 589
Medical expulsive therapy, trial of 589
Medium chain triglyceride supplements 397
Medium fibroblast growth factor 268
Menopause 469
medium simulating 262
Metabolic disorders 705
Metanephric blastema 466f
Metasilicic acid 505
Microhematuria 475
Midureteral stone 708f
Milk alkali syndrome 357
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, success of 367
Mitochondria 414
Mobile hydrogen nuclei 619
Monitoring urine potassium excretion 383
Monogenic mutations 448
Mood disorder 608
Multigland disease 361
Multi-institutional cohort study 650
Multiorgan abnormalities 171f
Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome 591
Multiple echogenic foci 708f
Multiple medullary tip stones 426f
Muscle 595
Myeloma, multiple 357
Myeloproliferative disease 588
Myeloproliferative disorders 522
N
N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole 590
Narrow-caliber ureteroscopes 625
Nausea 706
Nelfinavir 503
Nephric ducts 467
Nephrocalcinosis 155f, 169, 218, 323, 412, 414, 416, 420f, 423f, 428f, 431, 432f, 434, 447, 451, 452, 465, 470f, 471f, 472–475, 477, 533, 590, 604
frequency of 432f
intratubular 143f
progression of 468f
severe papillary 468f
Nephrogenesis 467
Nephrolithiasis 5, 6, 6t, 13f, 143, 173, 204, 215, 236, 238, 467, 468, 472, 473, 477, 514, 525t, 531–533, 536t, 537t, 551t, 590, 604, 606, 607, 618, 621
adult 204
hypocitraturic 236
hypophosphatemic 473
presentation of 588
radiological imaging of 618
symptomatic 653
Nephrolitholapaxy, bilateral percutaneous 632
Nephron, upper 465
Nephrostolithotomy, percutaneous 485
Neutral phosphate 434
Nonadsorbing polymers 27f
Non-bicarbonate buffer 444
Nonprotease inhibitor antiretroviral-based treatment 504
Nonstaghorn calculus 650
Nonvolatile acid 44
Normal glands, location of 359
Novel interstitial plaque structures 135
O
Octacalcium phosphate 89
Oral antimicrobials, mechanism of action of 608t
Oral citrate therapy 238
Oral fluid intake 488
Organs 195
Orthopedic hardware 607
Orthotopic liver transplantation 436
Osteoblastic collagen synthesis 267f
Osteoid 195
Osteomalacia 473
Osteopenia 314
Ostwald-Lussac law of stages 19
Ovarian torsion 589
anion exchanger 169
binders 397
binding agents 398
content 9
degradation 436
enteric hyperabsorption of 416
injury 434
low 397
nephropathy, acute 549
precursors 173
Oxiadipate 232
Oxolinic acid 505
Oxypurinol 590
P
Paget's disease 357
Pancreas 374
Pancreatic insufficiency 384
Papillary calcification 170
Papillary interstitial tissue 128
Papillary interstitium 85f
Papillary plaque, urine correlates of 109f
Para-aminohippuric acid 232
Paracellular transport 206
Parafollicular tissues, location of 359f
Parathyroid hormone 165, 171, 189, 190, 209, 210, 213f, 259, 267f, 268f, 291, 308, 356, 472, 473, 534
fasting 287
Parathyroid surgery 358t
Parathyroid tissues, location of 359f
Pediatric
cystoscopes 649
kidney stone disease 530
nephrolithiasis 537t
stone disease 704
urolithiasis, incidence of 705
urologic population 652
Pelvicalyceal system 675
Pelvis 127
Peptic ulcer 358
Periplaneta americana 162
Phenazopyridine 505
Pheochromocytoma 357
Phosphaturia 169
Phosphocreatine 250
Photosensitivity 608
Piezoceramic elements 639
Piperacillin 610
Plug formation, mechanisms of 126
Pneumohydrothorax 569
Politano-Leadbetter procedure 689
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 62f
Polyaspartic acid 102
Polyelectrolytes 24
Polyethylene glycol 196
Post-transplantation biopsy 143f
treatment 525t
bicarbonate 489
channel, medullary 64
chloride 311
administration 5
induces complex 174
magnesium citrate 239
rich foods 7
urate 91
Prenucleation clusters, existence of 22
Propidium iodide 147f
Prostate 595
Proteinuria 169
Proteoglycans 145
Provocative acid-loading tests 458
Pseudohypoaldosteronism 477
Pyelocalicotomy 579
Pyelography, intravenous 323
Pyeloureteral abnormalities 464
Pyloric stenosis, congenital 464
Pyridinoline 304
Pyridoxal phosphate 391
Pyrimidine nucleotide 232
Q
Quantitative computerized tomography 304
Questionable ureteral duplication 603
Quick parathyroid hormone 367
Quinolones 608
R
Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome 464
Radiolucent stones 323
Rana pipiens 162
Randall's plaque 29, 46, 60, 61, 63, 77, 79, 79b, 83, 85f, 99, 100, 101f, 102, 104, 105, 109, 111f, 112, 113f–115f, 116, 116f, 121, 121f, 123f, 128, 130, 135, 140, 396, 430f, 452
earliest stages of 42f
scanning electron microscopy of 103f
Rash 608
Regional enteritis 377
Reimplanted ureter 690
Renal access, endoscopic-guided 676
Renal acid excretion 444
Renal anomalies 674
Renal calcifications 169
Renal calyces 707f
Renal calyx stones 575
Renal cells 143
Renal damage 639
Renal deterioration, development of 604
Renal dysfunction 690
Renal hematomas 634
Renal inner medullary collecting duct 322
Renal magnesium excretion 381
Renal neoplasms 589
Renal obstruction, unilateral 593
Renal outer medullary potassium 473
Renal phosphate wasting 169
Renal physiology 593t
Renal replacement therapy 435
Renal salt wasting 476
asymptomatic 601
density 581
disease 355
fragility 581
infection related 583
intraparenchymal 426f
location and conformation 575
management of 627
number 579
Renal subcapsular hematoma 567
Renal surgery, percutaneous 609
Renal tissue injury 117
Renal transplantation 690
Renal trauma 634
classification of 447t
Renal tubule, calcium infarction of 443
Renal unit loss 668
Residual stones, incidence of 664
Resorptive hypercalciuria 591
Restrictive index 597
Retroperitoneal ultrasound image 692f
Retroperitoneum 595t
Rhodnius prolixus 162
Ritonavir 503
Robotic assisted anatrophic nephrolithotomy 700
Robotic surgery, role of 698
Rodent bone 176
Routine ureteral stenting 711
Ruptured ovarian cyst 589
S
Sacroiliitis 589
S-adenosylmethionine 232
Salivary glands 374
Sandwich therapy 578
Sclerostin 309
Septic shock 591
Sestamibi tests 365f
Shock wave lithotripsy 122, 429, 549, 559, 565–567, 571, 572, 582, 624, 625, 628, 629, 638, 641, 643, 650, 683, 698, 699, 709
complications 643
monotherapy 642
revolutionized 638
Sinopulmonary infections, chronic 464
Skin-to-stone distance 642
Sleeve gastrectomy 389f
Smooth cystine stones 583
acid urate 126
alkali 525
treatment 525t
citrate 238
dodecyl sulfate 62f
hydrogen exchanger 520
hypochlorite 36f
interaction of 296
proximal tubule delivery of 293
Soluble adenylyl cyclase gene 312
Southeast Asian ovalocytosis 253
Spherites 162
Spinal bone density, low 477
Spinal deformities 169
Spondylolisthesis 589
Spontaneous ureteral stone passage 562
Staghorn monotherapy 642
Stagnant urine 127
Steatosis 520
Stent symptoms, management of 669
Stereomicroscopy 87f
Stevens Johnson's syndrome 608
Stimulants 506
Stomach 248
activity of 323
burden 323
classification 681
complications 681
clearance 624
conformation 577
containing diverticulum, ureteroscopic management of 686
containing kidney 690
density 582
management of 622
treatment of 473
clinical evaluation of 321
drug-induced 501
general considerations of 28
incidence of 590
mechanism of 590
metabolic aspects of 430
model of 116
fragments, nonstruvite 624
imaging of 420
inorganic composition of 163
medical management of 434
passage 321
plaque complex 110
producing kidney 690
production, mechanism for 336
range, treatment of 704
removal procedures, long-term effects of 549
retrieval devices 662
retropulsion 663
risk factors, urinary concentrations of 337f
small 618
surgery 588
treatment of 382
types of 590
Streptomyces hyaluronidase 146
Succinyl coenzyme 227
Sulbactam 609
Sulfadiazine 94
Sulfasalazine 504
Sulfur 204
Superstiff wire 685
Systemic diseases, screening for 325t
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 591
Systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerular complications of 451
T
Tamsulosin 611
Tazobactam 610
Terazosin 611t
Testicular torsion 589
Testosterone 192
Thiazolidinedione 521f
Thiosulfate 175
Thyrothymic ligament 359
Tienilic acid 508
Titrated non-bicarbonate buffer 444
Total body sestamibi scan 370f
Tractip laser fiber 669
Transcellular transport 205
Transient receptor potential proteins, structure of 206f
Transplant urolithiasis, treatment of 691
Trans-stomal ureteroscopy 683
Transureteroureterostomy ureters 712
Trauma 384
Triglycerides 255
Tuberculosis 357
Tubo-ovarian abscess 589
Tubular
abnormalities 469
atrophy 548
cells
apical membrane of 150f
apical surface of 147f
epithelium 155f
function, monogenic disorders of 473t
injury, attenuation of 149
morphology, general evaluation of 152f
nephrocalcinosis 118
segment 447
Tursiops truncatus 163
Typical urine chemistry abnormalities 532t
U
Ultraviolet light microscopy 306
United Nations Scientific Committee 620
United States Renal Data System 547
Upper tract dilation, setting of 603
Urates 91
Urea splitting bacteria 683
Ureaplasma 607
Urease, bacterial source of 253
Ureteral avulsion 667
Ureteral calculi 624
Ureteral inflammation 610
Ureteral injury 667
Ureteral kinks 665
Ureteral perforation 631
Ureteral reimplantation technique 689
based on randomized controlled trials 625
blind extraction of 649
episode, acute 588
treatment of 650t
Ureteral wall 665
Ureterorenoscopy 567
Ureteroscopic portion 655
Ureteroscopic task 684
Ureteroscopy 110, 429, 548, 565, 566, 566t, 567, 571, 609, 624, 625, 649, 657, 660f, 683, 684, 686, 688, 690, 695, 707, 711
future of 669
indications for 649
room setup scheme 655f
Ureterovesical junction 425f
Urethral outlet obstruction 607
Uric acid 55, 91, 93, 100, 120, 126, 162, 163, 168, 321f, 322, 330, 333, 334f, 386, 405, 502, 518f, 523, 524f, 525, 536, 547, 581, 593f
bladder stones 170
nephrolithiasis 240
epidemiology of 514
etiologic causes of 515f
epidemiology 514
formers 518f
morphologies of 92f
pathophysiology 514
prevalence of 514
proportion of 514f
risk of 379t
treatment 514
supersaturation 380
index of 519f
Uricosuric drugs 508
Urinary acid excretion 298
Urinary acidification defects 520f
Urinary alkalinization 489
Urinary buffer 444
Urinary catheters, chronic 583
Urinary factors 13
Urinary glycoproteins 692
Urinary lithogenic chemistry 458
Urinary magnesium 235
Urinary osmolar gap 458
Urinary oxalate 418f
Urinary pellet calcium analysis 151f
Urinary phosphate 229
Urinary stasis 83b
Urinary sulfate 523
Urinary tract 709
immunity 170
complicated 606t
epidemiology of 604
recurrent 546
obstruction, pathophysiology of 591
and volume 333
concentration 298f
distribution of 276f
losses 282f
phosphate 283
chemistry 447
concentration 342
excretion 342
contamination of 253
creatine 417f
crystallization inhibitors, biology and clinical relevance of 55
excretions, molarities 336
flow, low 386
interpretation 326
leakage rate 700
magnesium 331
matrix molecules play special role 336
organic acids 418t
osmolal gap 458
phytate 7
proteins 58
sodium 348f
supersaturation 347f
uric acid 14
animal models of 162
idiopathic 386t
open surgical management of 712
pathophysiology of 455
polygenic rat model of 168
prevalence of 377t
risk of 392f
ureteroscopic management of 695
Urologic disease 546
Urologic surgery 609
Uromodulin 170
Urosepsis 681
Urothelium damage 662
Uroxatral 611
V
Vas washdown hypothesis 116
Vas washdown theory 104
Vesicoureteral reflux 689
Vipomas 357
Viscera injury 676
Vitamin
A intoxication 357
overdose of 549
deficiency 375
hormone system 281
metabolic pathway 190
metabolites, overview of 212f
resistant rickets, hereditary 169
supplements 508
D2 191
synthesis 190
Volatile acid 444
Volvulus 589
Vomiting 706
von Kossa positive tubules 153f
von Kossa stained sections 151f
W
Wave technology 641
White blood cell 591
Widespread tissue uricosis 170
Wilms’ tumor 464
Wolff's duct 465