Decision Making in Anesthesiology: An Algorithmic Approach Lois L Bready, Susan H Noorily, Rosemary Hickey
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdominal aortic aneurysm 334, 344
repair 345
Abdominal compartment syndrome 741
Abdominal insufflation 741
Abdominal surgery, upper 267
Abscess 45, 757
Absorption, Lambert-Beer law of 25
Accelerations 463
Acetaminophen 57, 174, 613
Acetylcholine 161
Acetylcholinesterase 29
Achondroplasia 264
Acid-base status 655
Acid-fast bacillus 83
Acidosis 27, 225, 685
chronic 205
respiratory 713
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 236, 278, 681
Acromegaly 192, 193
Activated clotting time 285
Acute abdomen 479
surgery of 478
Acute kidney injury 225, 666, 667t
network criteria 225
Acute postoperative analgesic management 634
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 85, 273, 479, 595, 709, 738, 753
Addison disease 186
Addisonian crisis 255
Adenomatoid malformation, congenital cystic 471
Adjustable pressure limiting 14, 541
Adrenal gland, ipsilateral 482
Adrenal insufficiency 649
Adrenal suppression 113
Adrenalectomy 36
Adrenocortical insufficiency 186
Adult respiratory distress syndrome 603
Advance directives 762
Advanced cardiac life support 473, 483, 706
guidelines 685
Advanced trauma life support 370, 717
Air
embolism 720
trapping 741
Airway 531, 595, 609
assessment, preoperative 44
edema 140
equipment 625
larger 69
management 248, 372
normal 193
obstruction 93, 551, 609, 655
intermittent 531
upper 538
oral 679
perforation of 551
pressure 741t
reflexes 393
surgical 81
Albuterol 729, 745
Alcohol 445
Alcoholics anonymous 769
Alfentanil 614
Alkalosis 407
respiratory 205
Allergic reactions 53, 703
Alpha blocker 161
Alpha methyldopa 675
Althesin 215
Alveolar arterial gradient 737
Alveolar capillary diffusion 27
Alveolar dead space 22
Alveolar gas equation 737
Alveolar minute ventilation, inadequate 737
Alveolar oxygen tension 737
Ambrisentan 89
American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgical Facilities 631
American Association of Ambulatory Health Centers 631
American College of Cardiology 43, 97, 109, 233, 239, 335, 349
Foundation 98
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 449
American College of Surgeons and Association of Operating Room Nurses 765
American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 98
Surgical Risk Calculator 98
American Heart Association 43, 97, 109, 239, 335, 349, 445
Advanced Cardiac Life Support 688, 691
Guidelines 233
for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care 467
American Kidney Injury Network 667
American Medical Association Office-Based Surgery Core Principles 631
American Society for Regional Anesthesia 707b
American Society for Testing and Materials 750
American Society of Anesthesiologists 17, 25, 38, 39, 47, 49, 81, 85, 105, 229, 290, 294, 305, 309, 313, 317, 321, 335, 345, 349, 359, 363, 367, 373, 375, 377, 383, 388, 399, 435, 449, 459, 493, 499, 513, 525, 551, 555, 561, 575, 579, 583, 591, 613, 622, 625, 628, 631, 647, 663, 689, 695, 699, 746, 750, 753, 763, 765
Classification 197
American Society of Regional Anesthesia 588, 663
Guidelines 477
Amnesia 53, 613
Amniotic fluid embolism 456, 473
Amphetamines 445, 726, 757
Amphotericin 157
Amyloidosis 332
Analgesia 53
Analgesics, non-opioid 57
Anaphylactoid reactions 702, 703
Anaphylaxis 702, 703
mediators of 703b
Androgen 675
Anemia 27, 63, 204, 205, 225, 229, 247, 267, 483, 660
chronic 205
hemolytic 219
severe 726
Anesthesia 452, 561
breathing systems 12
care 81, 113, 173, 191, 345, 489, 554, 622, 627
local-monitored 268
monitoring in 16
principles of 1
provider 38
Anesthetics, inhaled 81
Aneurysm
aortic arch 336
intracerebral 378
repair, endovascular 334
Angina 117, 170, 205, 660
unstable 289
Angiogram 379
Angiography 89, 363
Angiotensin converting enzyme 729
inhibitors 53, 98, 101, 213, 239, 703
Angiotensin receptor blockers 53, 101
Ankylosing spondylitis 133, 260
Ankylosis, vertebral 260
Antacids 57
Antagonists 572
Antibiotic 209, 703, 757
anthracycline 267
prophylaxis 143
therapy, chronic 247
Anticholinergics 57, 58, 157, 215
Anticholinesterase therapy, continue 155
Anticoagulants 98
Anticoagulation 202
medications 203t
perioperative 60
Antiemetics 57
Antiepileptic drugs 386, 757
first-line 757
second-line 757
Antifibrinolytic therapy 571
Antihistamines 57, 703
Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 267
Antimetabolites 267
Antiphospholipid syndrome 255
Antiplatelet medications 98
Antirheumatic drugs, nonbiological disease-modifying 251
Antisialagogue 49
effect 53
Antispasmodics 635
Antitachycardia pacemaker placement 143
Antithrombin deficiency 203
Anti-tumor necrosis factor 261
Anxiety 651, 660, 733
Anxiolysis 53
Aortic aneurysms 239
Aortic dissection 133, 473, 721, 726
classifications of 337f
Aortic insufficiency 115, 132
echocardiographic classification of 305t
Aortic regurgitation, acute 721
Aortic repair, endovascular 345
Aortic root 305
Aortic stenosis 128, 129, 304
severity, echocardiographic classification of 305t
Aortic transcatherter trial, placement of 309
Aortic valve 133
disease, severe 726
insufficiency 133, 305
replacement 129
surgical 309
surgery 304
anesthetic management of 304
Aortic valvular replacement 239
Apixaban 203
Apnea 264, 392, 531, 625, 659
hypopnea index 80
pressure 747
prolonged postoperative 654
Arrhythmias 98, 143, 259, 313, 643, 733
atrial 267
cardiac 643
ventricular 129
Arterial blood gases 77, 85, 115, 117, 179, 237, 243, 273, 285, 313, 337, 359, 383, 403, 431, 457, 485, 535, 551, 649, 651, 655, 689, 713, 728
analysis 165
baseline 555
Arterial cannula malposition 285
Arterial catheters, pulmonary 18
Arterial waveform 17
Arteriovenous malformation 378, 379, 388, 757
Artery
brachiocephalic 329
compression, innominate 329
dysplasia, renal 159
left subclavian 334
stiffened 233
Arthritis
inflammatory 575
polyarticulate 255
post-traumatic 579
psoriatic 133
Arthrodesis 579
Arthroplasty 579
Arthroscopy 579
Ascites 741
Aspiration 152, 317, 625, 613, 741, 753
acute 69
chronic 69
pneumonia 753
pneumonitis 753
prevention of 11
prophylaxis 53
symptomatic 753
syndromes 69, 752
Aspirin 726
exacerbated respiratory disease 545
ingestion, recent 485
Association of Anesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland 17
Asthma 72, 89, 659, 744
nonresponsive, acute 70
Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Surgery Study 377
Atelectasis 77
severe 741
Atlantoaxial subluxation 251
Atosiban 419
Atracurium, intermediate-acting 29
Atraumatic endotracheal tube placement 11
Atresia
laryngeal 471, 539
tracheal 471
Atrial conduction defects 149
Atrial fibrillation 61, 121, 125, 133, 301, 623, 628, 691
Atrial origin, typically of 733
Atrial pressure, right 283
Atrial septal defect 115, 143, 738
Atrioventricular block 152
Atropine 57, 58, 165
Auditory-evoked potentials 17
Auscultation 17
Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists 17
Autoimmune disease 255
Autonomic dysfunction 157, 438, 439
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction 225
Autosomal dominant 116
Avascular necrosis 575
Awake craniotomy 383
anesthesia for 382
Awareness disorders 139
Axial flow pumps 114
Axillary block 7
Azathioprine 154
Azotemia 219
Azygous vein 329
B
Bacteroides 453
Bag-mask ventilation 395
Bamboo spine 260
Barbiturates 57, 173, 215, 757
Bariatric surgery 36, 476
Barrett esophagus 352
Baseline variability 463
Basic life support 473, 707
Battle sign 371
Becker muscular dystrophy 148
Benzodiazepines 53, 57, 81, 173, 215, 263, 445, 614, 757
Benztropine 165
Benzylisoquinolinium 29
Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists 33
Beta-blockers 98, 614, 703
Bevacizumab 203, 267
Bezold-Jarisch reflex 583
Bicuspid aortic valve 133
Bidirectional Glenn procedure 144
Bier block 7
Bilevel positive airway pressure 86, 153, 193, 383
Biliary excretion 29
Bilirubin metabolism 199
Bioprosthetic valves 305
Biopsies 550
Birth weight, very-low 392
Bispectral index 17, 465
Bladder 679
Blalock-Taussig shunt 144
Bleeding 333, 473, 551
mild antepartum 427
post-tonsillectomy 530, 531
Bleomycin 267
Blood
borne
infectious diseases 681
pathogen disease, acquisition of 681
cell count 587
count, complete 43, 199, 218, 453, 479, 482, 499, 603, 609
flow, nonphysiologic continuous 114
gas 555
complete 273
glucose 169, 409, 655
loss 205, 717
estimated 571, 575, 579
large 109
massive 579
oxygen tension, low arterial 737
patch, epidural 671
pressure 17, 86, 98, 101, 115, 169, 177, 179, 186, 301, 359, 377, 403, 405, 477, 479, 485, 489, 531, 547, 555, 582, 595, 599, 619, 631, 643, 650, 717
arterial 161, 285, 317
diastolic 431, 650
intra-arterial 345, 389
noninvasive 17
perioperative 57
systolic 233, 379, 427, 431, 605, 650, 720
variation, systolic 718
salvage, intraoperative 277
transfusion 609
massive 602
type 499
urea nitrogen 225, 407, 479
volume
estimated 647
reduced 161
Body mass index 45, 81, 172, 458, 513
classification system 173t
Body surface area 285
Body temperature 17
Body weight
ideal 174, 477
lean 477
Bohr effect 27
Bone density 262
Bosentan 89
Bradyarrhythmias 119
Bradycardia 392, 688, 726
oculocardiac reflex-mediated 688
sinus 267, 628
Bradykinin 183
Brain
death
endocrine sequelae of 497
hemodynamic sequelae of 497
pathophysiologic sequelae of 497
injury
anoxic 757
traumatic 366, 757
insult, acute 757
surgery 757
tumor 757
Brainstem auditory evoked responses 359
Breast
enlarged 422
large 45
myeloma 267
surgery 43
Breathing 531, 595, 609
circuit 14, 741, 747
disconnection 13
Mapleson-type 14f
obstruction of 13
occlusion of 13
pressure 747
shortness of 98
Breathlessness 744
Bridging therapy 61t
Brittle bone disease 262
Bromocriptine 165
Bronchial blocker 321
Bronchial secretions 741
Bronchiolitis 69
Bronchitis, chronic 69
Bronchodilators 69
Broncholaryngospasm 317
Bronchopulmonary sequestration 471
Bronchoscopy 554
Bronchospasm 22f, 267, 551, 613, 660, 741
acute 744
intraoperative 744, 745t
B-type natriuretic peptide 721
Bucking 741
Budd-Chiari syndrome 627
Bulldog bite test 551
Bupivacaine 7, 405
Burn injury 728
Burning 453
Butyrophenones 639
C
Cabergoline 193
Caffeine 613
Calcinoses 258
Calcium 655
channel blockers 419, 649, 691
chloride 729
gluconate 729
Caldwell-Luc procedure 544
Canadian Anesthesiologists Society 17
Cancer 45, 266, 267
colorectal 355
surgery 36
Capillary blood gases 403
Capnogram, normal 21f
Capnography 20
Carbon dioxide 12, 21, 33, 65, 75, 179, 317, 325, 476, 535, 541, 643, 713
Partial pressure of 71, 75, 505, 643, 655, 742, 744
oximetry 25
Carbon monoxide 77
Carboxyhemoglobin 77
levels 273
Carcinoid 159
syndrome 182, 183, 733
tumors 183
Carcinoma, renal cell 482
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy 112
Cardiac arrest 98, 149, 643, 684, 685t, 757
Cardiac catheterization 89
laboratory 622
Cardiac contusion 721, 726
Cardiac disease 473
Cardiac failure 219
high-output 733
Cardiac function 243
Cardiac gallop rhythm 69
Cardiac index 720
Cardiac involvement 726
Cardiac lesions, congenital 402
Cardiac output 37, 89, 121, 133, 137, 139, 205, 476, 667, 675
Cardiac resynchronization
device 105
therapy 623
Cardiac surgery 296
Cardiac transplantation 502, 503
Cardiomyocyte membrane stabilization 729
Cardiomyopathy 152, 243, 473
cirrhotic 627
decompensated chronic 721
dilated 247
hypertrophic 116, 726
obstructive 721
Cardioprotective effects 53
Cardiopulmonary bypass 93, 207, 219, 284, 285, 290, 293, 297, 313, 317, 329, 338, 473, 482, 505, 714
circuit 285f
management of 222
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 22, 468, 473, 763, 764
Cardiovascular disease 255, 359
Cardiovascular implantable electronic device 104, 105
Cardiovascular status, monitoring of 3
Cardiovascular system 77, 706
Cardioverter-defibrillator, internal 623
Care, transitions of 38
Carotid arterial hypoperfusion, right 329
Carotid artery
Doppler 293
left 334
Carotid endarterectomy 376, 377
Cataract 152
extraction 239
anesthetic management of 560
surgery 43
anesthetic management of 560
Caudal anesthesia 405, 411b
Cavernous portal vein thrombosis 627
Cell salvage devices 603
Cellulitis 519
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 435, 681
Central nervous system 7, 53, 81, 147, 152, 164, 169, 267, 290, 405, 407, 431, 453, 463, 603, 609, 628, 651, 655, 663, 706, 713, 757
Central retinal artery occlusion 646
Central venous
catheter 283, 297, 367, 389, 599
pressure 18, 37, 115, 129, 169, 179, 297, 313, 363, 389, 485, 489, 497, 499, 509, 591, 606, 649, 709, 718
Centrifugal pumps 114
Cephalosporins 675
Cerebral
anoxia 757
blood flow 364, 379, 389
ischemia 409
delayed 379
metabolic oxygen consumption 364
metabolic rate 379
palsy 147, 453
perfusion
pressure 359, 363, 366, 379, 389
retrograde 337
sinus thrombosis 757
Cerebrospinal fluid 7, 335, 341, 359, 371, 374, 379, 544, 655, 670
Cerebrovascular accident 101, 655
Cerebrovascular disease, history of 98
Cervical
discectomy and fusion, anterior 373
fracture 372
plexus, superficial 583
spinal cord 359
spine instability
acute 372
chronic 373
spine involvement 251
Cesarean delivery 434
anesthesia for 461
Cesarean section
management of 459
perimortem 473
Chamberlain procedure 329
Chemical burns 273
Chemoprophylaxis, postexposure 682
Chemotherapeutic agents 267
toxicities of 267t
Chemotherapy 267
Chest 679
computed tomography 92
deformities 262
pain 89
tube placement 609
wall rigidity 741
X-ray 43, 83, 92, 98, 165, 239, 393, 403, 517, 535, 542, 551, 555, 609, 624, 651, 721, 737
Child-Pugh score 355
Chloride, adequate 407
Chloroprocaine 7
Chlorpheniramine 57
Chlorpromazine 215, 675
Cholecystectomy 36
Cholecystitis, acute 675
Cholestasis, benign postoperative 675
Chorioamnionitis 453
Chronic inflammatory disorder 72
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 11, 43, 69, 74, 89, 267, 321, 349, 482, 505, 583, 666, 741, 744
Chvostek sign 191
Cigarette smoking 76
Cimetidine 57
Circulating blood volume 603
Circulation 17, 531, 595, 609
Cirrhosis 675
Cisatracurium 29
Cisplatin 267
Claustrophobia 583
Cleft
lip 528
palate 528
Clonidine 57, 69, 635
Clubbing 98
Coagulation
cascade 209f
studies 273
tests of 209f
Coagulopathy 208, 225
Cocaine 445, 726, 733, 757
Cognitive dysfunction, postoperative 61, 233, 640, 641
Cold
agglutinins 219
autoimmune disease 218, 219t
hemoglobinuria 218
paroxysmal 219
Colonoscopy 624
Coma 139
Computed tomography 181, 191, 329, 332, 355, 363, 367, 379, 386, 523, 539, 663, 758
studies 139, 155
Conduction abnormalities 143
Conduction system disease 267
Connective tissue diseases 133
Conscious sedation 81
Continuous positive airway pressure 80, 153, 173, 193, 321, 325, 353, 356, 393, 459, 467, 477, 660
Control spinal level 7
Coproporphyria, hereditary 214
Cor pulmonale 571
Cormack-Lehane score, modified 11
Corneal abrasion 566
perioperative 566
Coronary artery
bypass grafting 187, 288, 289, 293, 643, 647, 725
disease 98, 108, 109, 121, 125, 129, 133, 172, 179, 225, 233, 289, 345, 349, 482, 498, 509, 517, 609, 647, 648, 726
Coronary spasm 726
Coronary syndrome, acute 109, 724, 725t
Cortical vein thrombosis 671
Cortisone 187
Coughing 139, 317, 741, 753
Coumadin 99
Cranial nerve 17
Creatine kinase 379, 713
Cricoarytenoid joint 261
Cricoid pressure 49, 197
Cricothyrotomy 423
kits 373
Critical limb ischemia 349
Crohn's disease 260
Cryoglobulinemia 219
C-spine 371
Cushing's disease 172
Cushing's syndrome 375
Cyanosis 98, 143, 539
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 297
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate 297
Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors 419
Cyclophosphamide 154, 267
Cyclosporine 154
Cystectomy 36
Cystic fibrosis 89
Cystitis, hemorrhagic 267
Cytochrome P450 system 83
Cytomegalovirus 237, 499, 675
D
da Vinci surgical system 36
Dabigatran 203
D-amino D-arginine vasopressin 209
Dantrolene sodium 65
Deep brain stimulators 165
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest 313, 337
Deep neck abscess 522
Deep tendon reflexes 431
Deep vein thrombosis 113, 161, 213, 477, 485, 547, 575, 753
Defibrination 209
Degenerative disease 721
Dehydration 157
Dehydroepiandrosterone 213
Delirium 642, 660, 733
Delivery, analgesia for 414
Dental
care 146
injuries 678, 679
surgery, anesthesia for 146
trauma 551
Dentinogenesis imperfecta 262
Dentures 655
Depression
postoperative respiratory 407
respiratory 415
Desflurane 65
Desmopressin 209, 225, 277
Dexamethasone 57, 187, 639, 695
Dexmedetomidine 57, 69, 73, 386, 614
Dextran 213
Dextrose-containing infusion 730
Diabetes 98, 213, 647
juvenile-onset 169
mellitus 49, 61, 152, 168, 169, 289, 349, 438, 648
insulin-dependent 169
noninsulin-dependent 169
Diabetic stiff joint syndrome 513
Dialysis-dependent patient, anesthesia for 228
Diaphoresis 660
Diastolic dysfunction 110, 117
Diazepam 53, 57
Diazoxide 161
Difficult airway 694, 698
Digoxin 42
Dimenhydrinate 639
Diphenhydramine 57, 69
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 199, 263, 428, 457, 473, 485
Distress, generalized 98
Diuretics 42
Dobutamine 723
Dolasetron 639
Donation after
brain death 497
circulatory death 497
Dopamine 113, 723
Dornier lithotripter 489
Down syndrome 147
Doxorubicin 267
Drager fabius workstation alarms 747
Droperidol 53, 215
Drugs
biotransformation of 199
immunomodulatory 267
toxicity 757
Dubin-Johnson syndromes 675
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 148
Duodenal switch 476
Dysfibrinogenemia 199
Dyslipidemia 255
Dysphagia 139, 255, 329
Dysplasia 525
Dyspnea 89, 98, 139, 261, 329, 519, 539
exertional 117, 125
paroxysmal nocturnal 125
Dysreflexia, autonomic 161
Dysrhythmias 551
cardiac 33
Dystrophia myotonica 152
congenital 153
Dystrophy, oculopharyngeal 148
E
Eating disorders 270
Eaton-Lambert syndrome 154, 155, 267
Echocardiogram 116, 129, 149, 551
rapid transthoracic 457
Echocardiography 243, 329
perioperative transesophageal 93
Eclampsia 430, 474, 757
Ecstasy 757
Edema 125, 225, 539, 551
facial 139
interstitial pulmonary 659
laryngeal 139
lip 139
noncardiogenic pulmonary 741
peripheral 733
pharyngeal 531
pulmonary 85, 161, 431, 659, 660, 721
upper body 37
Edrophonium 155
Effective regurgitant orifice area 301
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 133, 305
Eisenmenger syndrome 143
Ejection fraction 98
Electrical burns 273
Electrocardiogram 3, 17, 39, 42, 65, 89, 105, 113, 117, 119, 121, 129, 133, 137, 139, 149, 153, 165, 169, 177, 187, 243, 255, 258, 261, 265, 285, 293, 294, 301, 305, 317, 375, 377, 405, 467, 473, 476, 479, 482, 485, 489, 499, 509, 551, 555, 579, 605, 624, 631, 649, 651, 689, 691
Electroconvulsive therapy 613
anesthesia for 612
Electrocorticography 386
Electroencephalogram 17, 337, 377, 707, 758
Electrolyte 273, 689
abnormalities 225, 247
Electromagnetic interference 105
Electroneuromyographic studies 663
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring 462
Electrophysiology study 623
Elevated peak inspiratory pressure 740
Elevated serum creatine kinase 156
Elevated troponin levels, causes of 726b
Emergency non-invasive airway ventilation 699
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 148
Emphysema 517
Encephalitis 757
autoimmune 757
Encephalopathy 199, 259, 267
hepatic 627, 757
hypertensive 757
post-anoxic ischemic 643
End-diastolic pressure, left atrial 133
Endobronchial intubation 609
Endobronchial tube, double-lumen 321
Endocarditis 53
bacterial 117
subacute bacterial 58
Endocrine
abnormalities 649
problems, preoperative 167
Endometriosis 36
End-organ perfusion, markers of 669
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 624
Endoscopic sinus surgery 544
Endoscopy suite, anesthesia in 624
Endothelial dysfunction, coronary 726
Endotracheal intubation 73
Endotracheal tube 11, 21, 49, 69, 77, 83, 193, 248, 253, 261, 321, 329, 333, 359, 383, 393, 423, 432, 473, 517, 523, 529, 535, 541, 551, 555, 609, 628, 631, 655, 737, 741, 745, 748, 753
double-lumen 325, 329, 353, 505, 571
oral 545
right-angled 11
small 261
Endovascular procedures 334
End-stage liver disease 199
model of 509
score, model of 675
End-stage renal disease 225, 229, 666
End-tidal carbon dioxide 21, 359, 363, 393, 405, 407, 489, 555, 609, 703
analysis 17
Enflurane 65
Enterocolitis, necrotizing 402
Enzymatic deficiency 215fc
Eosinophilia 675
Ephedrine 435, 723
Epidermolysis bullosa 246, 247, 247b
dystrophica 247
junctional 247
simplex 247
types of 247b
Epidural anesthesia 7
Epidural catheters 435
Epiglottitis, acute 518
Epilepsy 147, 386
pre-existing 757
surgery, anesthesia for 386
Epinephrine 7, 70, 113, 115, 435, 467, 503, 509, 723, 745
Epistaxis 139
Epoprostenol 89
Epsilon aminocaproic acid 313, 571
Epstein-Barr virus 499, 675
Erythromycin 675
derivatives 406
Erythropoietic porphyria 214
Erythropoietic protoporphyria 214
Erythropoietin 225
Escherichia coli 453
Esmolol 117
Esophageal involvement 329
Esophagectomy 36
Esophagogastrectomy 352
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 499, 624
Esophagus 551
Ester hydrolysis, nonspecific 29
Estrogen steroids 675
Ethanol intoxication, acute 207
Ethyl alcohol 215, 757
Etidocaine 7
Etomidate 215, 363, 614
Exchange transfusion 402
Expiratory flow, obstruction of 741
External compression 13
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 27, 159, 297, 395, 505, 609
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 488, 489
Extrapulmonary diseases 85
Extremities, warmth of 407
Extrinsic disorders 85
Ex-utero intrapartum treatment 470
procedure 470
Eye
disease 177
rest 567
trauma 551
Eyeball test 110
F
Face mask 10, 69
Facial
deformities 45
signs 139
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 148
Famotidine 53, 57
Fascia, open 660
Fatigue 89, 117, 191, 660
respiratory 660
Febrile seizures 757
Fentanyl 57, 363, 367, 614
Fetal heart rate 431, 449
abnormal 462
Fetal monitoring 462
Fever 675
rheumatic 98
Fiberoptic airway 81
Fiberoptic bronchoscope 373, 423, 449, 519
Fibrinogen analysis 714
Fibrinolysis 209
accelerated 199
Fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 264
Fibrosis
idiopathic pulmonary 85
pulmonary 267, 741
Fluid
intravenous 449
management 37
shifts 109
Fondaparinux 203
Food and Drug Administration 12, 29, 36, 53, 221, 419, 667
Forced vital capacity 74, 155, 239, 258, 571
Foreign body 741
aspiration of 516, 517
Four Ts scoring system 221t
Fraction of inspired oxygen 69, 353, 395, 599, 655, 745, 750
Frank bleeding 531
Frank-Starling mechanism 113
Fresh frozen plasma 203, 209, 509, 599, 606
Frozen shoulders 584
Full stomach patient 48
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery 544
Functional residual capacity 37, 395, 422, 449, 461
Furosemide 199, 363, 729
G
Gabapentin 635
Gamma globulin 209
Ganglionic blocker 161
Gas accumulation 741
Gastric
banding 476
decompression 477
emptying, delayed 225
sleeve 476
tube 477
oral 483
variceal bleeding 627
Gastroesophageal reflux 69, 247
disease 11, 49, 53, 165, 173, 196, 477, 624
uncontrolled 11
Gastrointestinal
bleeding 113
disease 479
disorders 49
dysfunction 179
endoscopy 624
fluid losses 717
involvement 258
malformation 406
malignancy 205
reflux 152
symptoms 165
tract 679
Gastroparesis 438, 439
Gastroschisis 396
GeneXpert 83
General anesthesia 2, 3, 65, 81, 113, 137, 143, 161, 173, 191, 197, 215, 247, 465, 485, 493, 575, 583, 622, 625, 627, 631, 663, 678, 689
General endotracheal anesthesia 49, 181, 415, 423, 431, 435, 445, 459, 489, 560, 563, 571
maintenance of 403
Genital
herpes infections 453
lacerations 427
Genu varum 264
Geriatric patient 232
Gestation, multiple 460, 473
Gestational diabetes 423, 438
Gilbert syndrome 675
Glasgow coma scale 595, 606
score 367
Glenofemoral joint disease 575
GlideScope 47, 449
Glioma 159
Glomerular filtration rate 199, 225, 233
Glottic abnormalities 193
Glottis 193
Glucocorticoid conversions 187t
Glucose
6-phosphate dehydrogenase 207
deficiency 675
homeostasis 186, 199
Glutethimide 215
Glycopyrrolate 57, 58
Glycosaminoglycans 243
Goiter 177
Goldenhar syndrome 529, 539
Gower sign 149
Granisetron 639
Graves’ disease 177
Great vessels, transposition of 143
Growth hormone 193
secretion 374
Guideline-directed medical therapy 726
H
Haemophilus influenzae 519
Halothane 65
Hashimoto thyroiditis 178
Head
and neck
abscess evacuation 522
computed tomography of 525, 595
oncologic surgery 546
injury 609
closed 49
trauma 757
Headache 139
postdural puncture 415, 431, 670
sinus 671
Hearing 243
Heart
block 149
disease
adult congenital 142
congenital 89, 143, 313, 317, 399, 517, 529
cyanotic 207
decompensated congenital 721
ischemic 98
left 89
repair of congenital 312, 316
rheumatic 121
failure 101, 297, 660, 726
acute 296, 297
chronic congestive 489
congestive 53, 61, 69, 89, 98, 110, 149, 177, 179, 199, 205, 207, 225, 259, 267
diastolic 110
post-cardiac surgery 721
right-sided 627
rate 17, 37, 57, 89, 98, 109, 117, 121, 125, 133, 177, 301, 393, 405, 467, 591, 595, 717, 744
rapid 111
sounds 405
transplant recipient 112, 113t
valve, mechanical 61
Heat
and moisture exchanger 741
intolerance 177, 733
Helicobacter pylori infection 197
Hematocrit 205
Hematologic functions, preoperative 201
Hematoma 355
subarachnoid 671
Hematuria 483
Heme biosynthesis, pathway of 215fc
Hemoconcentration 213
Hemodialysis 729
Hemodilution 389
Hemodynamic stability, maintenance of 53
Hemoglobin 205, 207, 213, 277, 403, 689
Hemoglobinopathies 206, 675
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome 431
Hemorrhage 45, 723
alveolar 85
intracerebral 161, 757
obstetric 426, 427
severe antepartum 427
subarachnoid 379, 389, 726, 757
Hemothorax 371, 741
Heparin 62, 203, 703
half-life 203
low
dose unfractionated 61
molecular weight 7, 61, 62, 99, 203, 221
unfractionated 61, 62
Hepatectomy 355
Hepatic dysfunction 198, 733
postoperative 674, 675
pre-existing 675
Hepatic failure, severe 627
Hepatic function 199, 655
Hepatic mass 233
Hepatitis 205
A 499, 675
alcoholic 675
B 499, 675
virus 681
C 499, 675
virus 681
viral 675
Hepatocellular injury 675
Hepatopulmonary syndrome 509, 627
Hepatorenal syndrome 627
Hernia
congenital diaphragmatic 394
hiatal 173
repair
diaphragmatic 36
esophageal 36
Herpes simplex virus 453, 499, 675
Hevea brasiliensis 278
High airway obstruction syndrome, congenital 471
High-intensity light-emitting diodes 25
Histamine 703
Hoffman degradation 29
Holmium laser enucleation 485
Hormone
abnormalities 575
adrenocorticotropic 186, 709
Human chorionic gonadotropin 595
Human immunodeficiency virus 236, 278, 453, 499, 681
Human leukocyte antigen 162
Human papilloma virus 534
Hurler syndrome 243
Hyaline membrane disease 402
Hydralazine 431, 651
Hydrocortisone 69, 70, 187, 703
Hydrofluoric acid 273
Hydrogen ion 685
Hydrostatic pressure gradient 395
Hydrothorax, hepatic 627
Hydroxyzine 57
Hyperalgesia 57
Hyperbaric oxygenation 27
Hypercalcemia 267
Hypercapnia 27, 33
Hypercarbia 651, 713
Hyperglycemia 113, 409, 438, 757
Hyperglycemic state 169
Hyperkalemia 149, 225, 685, 713
acute 728
emergency treatment of 729t
Hyperkyphotic deformity 260
Hyperlipidemia 98
Hypermagnesemia 225, 660
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma 438
Hyperparathyroidism 190, 225
Hyperphosphatemia 225
Hyperpyrexia 157, 733
Hypersplenism 627
Hypertension 61, 98, 101, 113, 121, 133, 159, 170, 193, 213, 215, 225, 239, 259, 267, 289, 301, 349, 377, 389, 431, 474, 476, 482, 547, 551, 627, 643, 647, 648, 650, 660, 671, 726
chronic 359
decompensated primary pulmonary 721
intracranial 362, 639
perioperative 100
portopulmonary 509
postoperative 650
preoperative control of 545
primary pulmonary 627
pulmonary 88, 89, 121, 143, 199, 207, 255, 259, 313, 476, 571, 726
renin-induced 229
secondary 101
superimposed 438
Hyperthermia 27, 660
Hyperthyroidism 176, 177
signs of 733b
symptoms of 733b
Hypertriglyceridemia 172
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, congenital 406
Hypertrophy 193
benign prostatic 485
left ventricular 726
myocardial 243
right ventricular 301
Hyperventilation, moderate 363
Hypervolemia 389
Hypoalbuminemia 247
Hypoaldosteronism, isolated 187
Hypocalcemia 225, 660, 757
signs of 191
Hypochloremia 215
Hypoglycemia 159, 170, 199, 397, 409, 438, 439, 649, 757
Hypokalemia 215, 660, 685
Hypomagnesemia 757
Hypomotility, esophageal 258
Hyponatremia 215, 267, 643, 757
Hypo-osmolality 267
Hypophosphatemia 660
Hypoplasia, mandibular 147, 529
Hypoplastic left ventricle 144
Hypotension 33, 184, 271, 371, 402, 435, 483, 604, 643, 648, 660, 717, 726
symptomatic 605
Hypothalamic disease 172
Hypothermia 205, 313, 402, 651, 660, 685
Hypothyroidism 172, 178, 477, 649, 660
Hypotonia 264
Hypoventilating patient, management of 655
Hypoventilation 10, 21, 81
alveolar 476, 737
chronic 152
syndrome 173
Hypovolemia 685, 723
poor tolerance of 267
Hypoxemia 10, 81, 207, 476, 608, 609, 628, 651, 685, 737, 738
intraoperative 736
Hypoxia 27
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction 321
Hysterectomy 36
I
Iatrogenic drug administration 733
Ibuprofen 57
Imatinib 267
Immunoglobulin
E 278
G 155
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator 105, 114, 583
Indomethacin 419
Infarction, post-myocardial 721
Infections 428, 579, 721
acute bacterial 453
chronic 247
maternal 452
viral 69
Inferior vena cava 482
occlusion, infrahepatic 356
Infertility 152
Inflammation 333
Injury
inhalational 273
neurologic 69, 643
types of 355
Inspiratory valve, incompetent 21f
Inspired gas oxygen analyzer 17
Inspired oxygen concentration alarm, decreased 750
Insulinoma 172
Integrative weaning index 660
Intelligence 243
Intensive care unit 21, 49, 75, 83, 85, 89, 93, 109, 144, 153, 155, 157, 181, 193, 290, 335, 356, 371, 384, 510, 531, 547, 600, 659, 723
Interictal epileptiform activities 386
International normalized ratio 43, 62, 203, 229, 263, 290, 301, 603, 714
Interscalene block 7
Interscalene brachial plexus block 583
Interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific 85
Intra-abdominal pressure 33
Intra-aortic balloon pump 290, 297, 503
Intracranial aneurysms, neuroendovascular treatment of 421
Intracranial pressure 29, 193, 199, 267, 363, 366, 371, 374, 643, 655, 671
reduction of 359
Intragastic pressures 29
Intramuscular injections 56
Intraocular pressure 29, 559, 560
Intrauterine growth retardation 445
Intravascular coagulation 209
Intravenous anesthesia techniques 555
Intravenous injection 7
Intrinsic disorders 85
Intubation 609
Invasive monitors 415
common 17
Ipratropium bromide, continuous inhalation of 70
Iris hamartomas 158
Ischemia 721
Ischemic attack, transient 61, 205
Ischemic imbalance 725
Isobaric solutions 7
Isoflurane 65, 641
Isoniazid 675
Isoproterenol 70, 113, 723
J
Jaundice, postoperative 675
Jehovah's witness 276, 277
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations 631
Joint Commission Universal Protocol 772
Joint fusion 579
Joint replacements 643
Jugular venous distension 609
K
Kayexalate 730
Ketamine 57, 215, 263, 364, 367, 386, 450, 572, 614, 635, 641
produces 69
Ketoacidosis, diabetic 169, 438
Ketorolac 57
Kidney 679
disease, chronic 224, 225, 349, 498, 575, 666
Kindler syndrome 247
King-Denborough syndrome 65
Kinking 741
Kishi score 139t
Klippel-Feil syndrome 529
Knee
arthrodesis 579
arthroscopy 579
small incisions 579
surgery 578
Kyphosis 260
L
Labetalol 431, 651
Labor
analgesia for 414
anesthesia for 461
first stage of 415
induction 459
second stage of 415
Laceration 33, 355, 551
Lactated ringer 409, 667
Lambert-Beer law of absorption 25
Lanreotide 193
Laparoscopic abdominal insufflation 688
Laparoscopic surgery 32, 33
development of 36
Large pleural effusion 660
Laryngeal mask airway 11, 21, 47, 69, 73, 81, 191, 193, 251, 329, 373, 423, 449, 523, 541, 575, 613, 619, 628, 655, 679, 695
intubating 47, 261, 599
Laryngeal tomograms 541
Laryngoscope blades 449
Laryngoscopy 550
Laryngospasm 165, 551
Laryngotracheal anesthesia 551, 563
Laser surgery 540
Latex allergy 278
Laudanosine 29
Left atrial
appendage 623
enlargement 301
pressure 301
Left bundle branch block 725
Left ventricular end-diastolic
pressure 125, 129, 133, 301
volume 125
Lenalidomide 203
Lesions, congenital 98
Leukemia 267
acute 267
lymphocytic 218
Leukoencephalopathy, posterior 671
Leukotrienes 703
Levobupivacaine 8
Levodopa 165
Lewy bodies 164
Libman-Sacks endocarditis 255
Lidocaine 7, 363, 431, 561, 614
Light anesthesia 33, 741
Limb
girdle muscular dystrophy 148
salvage osteotomy 586
Lipid emulsion therapy 707b
Lipoprotein, high-density 172
Lithotomy 49
Liver
disease, polycystic 627
failure 508
fatty infiltration of 173
function 431
tests 83, 255
injury scale 355t
resection 354
transplantation, orthotopic 508, 510
Lobectomy 36
Local anesthesia 77
Local anesthetic 215
maximal safe doses of 7t
systemic toxicity 691
toxicity 706
treatment of 706
Lorazepam 53
Low birth weight, extremely 392
Low cardiac index 505
Low neurobehavioral scores 415
Low pressure (apnea) alarm 746
Lower esophageal sphincter 196
Lower extremity bypass procedures 348
Lumbar
epidural analgesia 415
flexion 260
puncture 379
sympathetic block 415
Lung
cancer 139
collapse 741
compliance 660
disease 89
interstitial 85, 505
obstructive 85, 741
pre-existing 33
restrictive 84, 85, 152, 571
isolation 505
myeloma 267
parenchyma 85
separation 329
transplantation 504, 505
tumors, malignant 329
Lupus nephritis 255
Lymph nodes, regional 482
Lymphangioma 471
Lymphoma 139, 218, 267, 329
Lymphopenia 255
M
Macroglossia 147
Magnesium 572, 655
sulfate 419, 431, 745
Magnet therapy 105
Magnetic resonance imaging 92, 181, 239, 261, 329, 355, 363, 367, 372, 379, 386, 523, 539, 587, 618, 619, 647, 663, 671, 758
cardiac 143
fetal 471
scan 360
Magnetoencephalography 386
Mainstem intubation 741
Major adverse cardiac event 97, 109
Major blood vessels, laceration of 33
Malaise 139
Malfunctioning valves 14
Malignancy 113, 575
develops, hypercalcemia of 267
Malignant hyperthermia 64, 65, 65b, 149, 153, 156, 244, 631, 691, 712, 733
Association of United States 65
prophylaxis of 713
Mallampati classification 551
Mallampati score 45, 539, 679
Malnutrition 247, 660
Mammary artery, left internal 36
Mandibular maxillary fixation 525
Mannitol 199
Manual in-line axial stabilization 370, 373
Marfan syndrome 133, 238, 239, 305, 571
Marijuana 445
Masseter muscle rigidity 713
Massive transfusion 209, 603
Maternal early warning system 427
Maternal substance use disorder 444
Mean arterial pressure 294, 313, 335, 341, 371, 505, 571, 591, 651, 709, 720, 723
Mechanical circulatory support 114
Mechanical ventilation 658, 659
Meclizine 639
Mediastinal mass 36, 92, 471
Mediastinoscopy 93, 328
Medtronic core valve 309
Membranes
preterm premature rupture of 419
rupture of 453
Memory disorders 139
Meningioma 159
Meningitis 453, 519, 671, 757
Mental disorders 139
diagnostic and statistical manual of 643, 766
Mental status 371, 717
altered 660
changes 170
Meperidine 57, 215, 757
Mepivacaine 7
Meprobamate 215
Metabolic abnormalities 671
Metabolic acidosis 660, 713
Metabolic alkalosis, acute 205
Metabolic panel, complete 482
Metabolic profile, complete 499
Metastasis 575
Metered-dose inhaler 745
Methemoglobin 213
Methimazole 177
Methohexital 57, 614
Methotrexate 154, 267
Methylphenidate 147
Methylprednisolone 70, 187, 639, 703, 745
Methylxanthines 614
Metoclopramide 57, 165
Metoprolol 117
Microlaryngeal tube 555
Midazolam 57, 535, 613
oral 147
Migraine 671
Milrinone 115
Minimum alveolar concentration 17, 177, 387, 436, 445, 572, 591
Minute ventilation 22, 33
Mitral annular calcification 121
Mitral regurgitation 118, 121, 124, 125, 239, 301, 721
Mitral stenosis 115, 120, 121, 301
Mitral valve 118, 121, 125
area 301
prolapse 118, 125, 152, 239, 301
repair 36
replacement 300
Mivacurium, short-acting 29
Mixed epidermolysis bullosa 247
Mixed venous oxygen
saturation 667
tension 27
Monitoring auditory tracts 359
Monoamine oxidase B 165
Monro-Kellie hypothesis 671
Morphine 57, 69
Motor block level 7
Motor disorders 147
Motor evoked potentials 17, 261, 341, 371, 587, 591
Mouth opening 551
Mucopolysaccharidoses 242, 243, 243t
Mucosal vasoconstrictor 47
Mucous membrane moisture 407
Mucous plug 741
Multiaccess catheter 427
Multifocal atrial tachycardia 691
Multimodal uterotonic agents 473
Multiorifice-end central venous pressure 359
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes 193
Muscle
atrophy 660
cramps 191
disorders 571
relaxant 153, 215
depolarizing 65
intermediate-duration nondepolarizing 551
nondepolarizing 157
smooth 152
weakness, respiratory 152
Muscular dystrophy 148
Myasthenia gravis 85, 154, 185, 655
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 82
Mycophenolate mofetil 113
Mycoplasma 453
Myeloma
multiple 267
renal 267
Myelosuppression 113
Myelosuppressive agents 213
Myocardial contractility 313, 317
Myocardial depression, sepsis-related 721
Myocardial disorders 721
Myocardial infarction 97, 98, 125, 179, 180, 219, 301, 334, 377, 643, 724
acute 18, 639
silent 169
spontaneous 725
Universal classification of 725t
Myocardial injury 724
indeterminate 726
multifactorial 726
Myocardial ischemia 161, 473, 613, 721, 724, 726
primary 726
signs of 660
Myocardial oxygen 129
Myocarditis 255, 721, 726
Myocardium 114
Myoglobinuria 713
Myomectomy 36
Myometrium 419
Myopathy 85, 267, 659
corticosteroid-induced 660
critical illness 660
Myotonia 153
Myotonic contractions 152
Myotonic dystrophy 148, 152
N
N95 mask 83
Narcotics 367, 431
anonymous 769
Nasal
fiberoptic bronchoscopy 695
mucosa, hypertrophy of 193
obstruction 139
Nasogastric suction 403, 571
Nasogastric tube 477
Natural rubber latex 278
Nausea 255, 564, 639, 651
postoperative 53, 58, 632, 638
Near-infrared spectroscopy 313
Neck
hematoma 377
X-ray 523
Needlestick
injury, accidental 681
management of 680
Nemaline rod muscular dystrophy 148, 149
Neonatal glomerular filtration rate 408
Neonatal intensive care unit 393, 399, 402
Neoplasm 539, 671
benign 332
Nephrectomy 36, 482, 483
surgeries 482
Nephrolithotomy, percutaneous 492, 493
Nephropathy, contrast-induced 335, 345
Nephrostomy tube, percutaneous 493
Nerve integrity monitor 177
Neural injury 36
Neural integrity monitor 191
Neuraxial analgesia 415
Neuraxial anesthesia 173
Neuroanesthesia 357
Neurofibromas 159
Neurofibromatosis 158, 181
Neurointensive care unit 367, 387
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 156, 733
Neurologic disease 660
Neurological deficits, presence of 372
Neurological diseases, severe acute 726
Neurological signs 139
Neuromuscular blockade 177, 397, 513, 591
adequate 28
monitors of 17
prolonged 660
Neuromuscular blocking
agents 28, 273, 341
drugs 703
Neuromuscular disorders 69, 147
Neuropathy 659
peripheral 225, 267
Neurosyphilis 757
Neurotoxicity 113, 267
New York Heart Association 98, 505
New-onset nonischemic cardiomyopathies 721
Nicardipine 651
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 154
Nifedipine 419, 651
Nitric oxide 89, 115, 503, 609
inhaled 395
Nitroglycerine 431, 445, 613
Nitrous oxide 386, 561, 562, 641
N-methyl D-aspartate 273, 572, 579, 588
Noncardiac surgery 724, 725
preoperative cardiac evaluation for 96, 97
Nondepolarizing muscle relaxant 149, 153, 479, 531, 547, 571
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers 155, 271
agents 29t
drugs 163
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 267
Noninvasive cardiac output monitors 18
Noninvasive monitors, common 17
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 661
Nonpharmacologic pain management 415
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction 721, 725
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 7, 62, 147, 153, 174, 255, 261, 274, 450, 531, 545, 565, 567, 576, 579, 613, 635, 729
Norepinephrine 503, 709, 723
Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough 389
syndrome 380
Norwood procedure 144
O
Obesity 45, 98, 172, 173, 423, 439, 482, 648, 659, 660, 741
hypoventilation syndrome 476
morbid 11
Obstetric and gynecologic anesthesia 413
Obstructive sleep apnea 45, 80, 152, 163, 173, 193, 251, 264, 459, 476, 531, 655
Octreotide 193
Oculocardiac reflex 564
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy 149
Office-based anesthesia 630, 631
Off-pump coronary artery bypass 292, 293
Oliguria 431
Omeprazole 53
Omphalocele 396
Ondansetron 57, 639
One-lung anesthesia 320
One-lung ventilation 321, 325, 341, 353, 395, 505
Open globe injury 558
Open surgical repair 345
Opiates 274, 757
Opioids 57, 81, 215, 445, 659
Optic neuropathy, ischemic 646
Orbits 407
Organ donation after
brain death 496
circulatory death 496
Orthopnea 125, 139, 329
Oscillatory, high-frequency 273
Osteoarthritis 579
Osteodystrophy, renal 225
Osteogenesis imperfecta 262
Osteoporosis 247, 262
Osteosarcoma, high-grade 586
Otitis media 519
Oximetry 17
Oxygen 12, 422, 489
delivery 595
inspired 541
low partial pressure of 25
partial pressure of 27, 321, 403, 660, 744
saturation 25, 169, 181, 393, 505, 531, 744
Oxygenation 17, 26
adequate 27
Oxygen-carrying capacity requires, quantitative assessment of 205
Oxymetazoline 545
Oxytocin 473
P
Packed red blood cells 403, 509, 599, 729
Pain 49, 372, 571, 651
abdominal 98
chronic 247
management 37, 761
neuropathic 588
Palatal abnormalities 147
Palonosetron 639
Palpation 17
Palpitations 117, 733
Pancreas kidney transplant 513
Pancreatic transplantation 512, 513
Pancuronium, long-acting 29
Papillary muscle 301
Papillomatosis, respiratory 332, 534
Paradoxic air embolism 359
Paralytics 659
Paraneoplastic syndromes 267
Paraplegia 160
Parathyroid hormone 190
intraoperative 191
Paresis 264
Paresthesias 191
Parkinson's disease 164
Partial thromboplastin time 7, 43, 203, 209, 229, 263, 274, 290, 603, 714
Patent ductus arteriosus 392, 402
Patent foramen ovale 115, 359, 738
Patient Self-Determination Act 764
Patient-controlled analgesia 251, 415, 588, 635
Peak and plateau pressure 660
Peak expiratory flow 744
Peak inspiratory pressure 741, 747, 747f
Pediatric
fluid therapy 408
postanesthesia care unit 405
premedication 57t
regional anesthesia 410
network 410
Pegvisomant 193
Pelvic 36
Pentazocine 215
Percutaneous coronary intervention 474, 725
Pericardial tamponade 136, 239, 720
Pericardiocentesis 137
Peripheral nerve 37
blocks 173
Peripheral vascular disease 98, 647, 648
Peripheral venous stasis 207
Permanent pacemaker 623
Perspiration 733
Pharmacotherapy, first-line 154
Pharyngeal laryngeal signs 139
Pharyngeal mucosa, hypertrophy of 193
Pharyngeal weakness 152
Phencyclidines 57, 757
Phenothiazines 215
Phenoxybenzamine 161
Phenylephrine 119, 435, 503, 723
Phenytoin 215
Pheochromocytoma 159, 180, 733
Phlebotomize 213
Phlebotomy 213
Physician Health Programs 766, 768
Pickwickian syndrome 476
Pierre-Robin syndrome 529, 539
Pituitary apoplexy 671
Pituitary gland 374
Plasma cholinesterase hydrolysis 29
Plasmalyte 667
Plasmapheresis 209
Platelet
activating factor 703
count 714
count fall, timing of 221
factor 221
function analysis 209
transfusion of 599
Plethysmography 17
Pleuritis 255
Pneumocephalus 671
Pneumocystis carinii 236
Pneumomediastinum 37
Pneumonia 69, 77, 85, 218, 267, 453, 519, 660
cryptogenic organizing 85
desquamative interstitial 85
recurrent 152
Pneumonitis 85
Pneumopericardium 37
Pneumoperitoneum 34, 37
Pneumothorax 37, 371, 483, 551, 741
large 660
spontaneous 239
Polychondritis, relapsing 332
Polycythemia 173, 402
secondary 476
vera 212, 213
Polysomnogram 80
Polyvinyl chloride 11, 541
Porphyria 214, 757
acute intermittent 214, 215b
cutanea tarda 214
types of 215fc
Portal vein ligation 355
Positive end-expiratory pressure 13, 89, 173, 283, 321, 353, 356, 359, 395, 457, 675, 737
intrinsic 75
Positive-pressure ventilation 423, 467
intermittent 541
Positron emission tomography 386
Post-anesthesia care 648
unit 38, 75, 77, 81, 163, 279, 477, 531, 565, 566, 591, 613, 619, 631, 635
Post-anesthetic apneic patient, management of 655
Postreperfusion syndrome 509
Potassium chloride 169, 407
Potent inhalational anesthetics 215
Pramipexole 165
Prednisone 113, 187
Preeclampsia 423, 430, 431, 474
Pregnancy
cardiopulmonary arrest in 472
in diabetic patient 438
testing 499
Premature infants, anesthesia for 392
Preoperative laboratory testing 42
Pressure
continuous measurement of 746
support ventilation 660
Presyncope 117
Preterm birth 418
Preterm labor 418
anesthesia management of 418
Prilocaine 7
Primary elimination pathway 29
Pringle maneuver 356
Pro seal laryngeal mask airway 423
Procainamide 675
Procaine 7
Procedure-specific intraoperative considerations 310
Procoagulant synthesis 199
Progressive valve calcification 304
Prokinetics 57
Promethazine 57
Propofol 215, 363, 367, 614
Propylthiouracil 177
Prostaglandins 703
Prostate
activate plasminogen 485
Holmium laser enucleation of 485
transurethral resection of 484, 485
Prostatectomy 36
Protein 199
C deficiency 203
derivative, purified 499
S deficiency 203
Prothrombin
gene mutation 203
time 43, 119, 199, 209, 290, 294, 714
Proton pump inhibitor 53, 197
Pseudocholinesterase, atypical 655
Pseudoerythrocytosis 213
Pseudonormalization 111
Pseudoseizures 757
Psoriasis 260
Psychosis 733
Pulmonary artery 109, 115, 125, 133, 290, 329, 606
catheter 283, 285, 297, 305, 341, 345, 353
introducers 603
placement 349
elevated 505
enlarged 69
occlusion pressure 283, 497
pressure 283
measurement of 297
reduction of 89
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 37, 301
Pulmonary contusion 371
Pulmonary disease 479
Pulmonary embolism 61, 173
severe 726
Pulmonary function tests 75, 165, 243, 293, 329, 551, 555, 571, 623
Pulmonary vascular resistance 89, 121, 125, 313, 317, 503, 505
Pulse 407, 688, 690
oximetry 24, 25, 77, 317, 479
continuous 17, 174
derived oxygen saturation 737
pressure 717
rate 717
Pulsed-wave Doppler 111
Pulseless cardiac arrest algorithm 685
Pulsus paradoxus 744
Pyelograms, intravenous 595
Pyelonephritis 453
Pyloric muscle, hypertrophied 406
Pyloric stenosis 406
Q
Quadriplegia 160
Quinidine 675
R
Raccoon eyes 371
Radiation therapy 267, 332
Radiopaque catheter 398
Ramosetron 639
Randomized controlled trials 49
Ranitidine 57
Rapid plasma reagin 499
Rapid sequence
induction 28, 173, 197, 273, 379, 403, 431, 436, 465, 479, 503, 517, 531, 559, 599
techniques 407
intubation 473, 753
Rapid shallow breathing index 660
Rapid ventricular pacing 310
Rash 675
Raynaud phenomenon 258
Red blood cell 209, 213, 218, 603
Red cell destruction, excessive 205
Reflux surgery 36
Refractory ascites 627
Regional anesthesia 6, 7, 77, 113, 173, 248, 259, 261, 410, 431, 663
neurologic sequelae following 662
techniques 435
Regional anesthetic procedure 62t
Regurgitant lesions 143
Regurgitation 301
aortic 239
Reiter syndrome 260
Remifentanil 614
Renal blood flow, renal 225, 233
Renal disease 205
Renal dysfunction 98, 199, 247
Renal excretion 29
Renal failure 157, 721, 726, 757
acute 428
Renal function 655
Renal insufficiency 113
Renal replacement therapy 666
continuous 274
Renal transplantation 498
Renal vascular resistance 225
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 179, 627
Residual defects correction 143
Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease 85
Respiratory distress syndrome 392
Respiratory failure 77, 165, 643
severe 726
Respiratory rate 660, 717, 744
Respiratory symptoms 165
Respiratory system compliance, decreased 741
Resuscitation 273
neonatal 466
Retinal detachment 562
repair of 239
Retrograde wire intubation 423
Revised cardiac risk index 98, 109
Revision surgeries 579
Rhabdomyolysis 149, 726
Rheumatoid arthritis 121, 250, 251, 305, 373, 575, 579
Rhinorrhea 371, 529
Rhinosinusitis, chronic 544
Rib fractures 371
Rifampin 83
Right ventricle 37, 136
Right ventricular
failure, isolated 721
outflow tract 143
Right-to-left shunts 213
Rituximab 154
Rivaroxaban 203
Robot-assisted surgery, anesthetic considerations for 36
Rocuronium 29, 363
Ropinirole 165
Ropivacaine 7, 8
Rotigotine 165
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 476
Rule of nines 273
Ruptured chordae 301
S
Sacrocolpopexy 36
Sarcoidosis 332
Scavenging systems 14
Sclerodactyly 258
Scleroderma 258, 259
spectrum of 259fc
Sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral 85
multiple 162
systemic 258
Scoliosis 262, 570
Scopolamine 58, 165
Sedation 53
Seizures 113, 161, 660, 707, 756
perioperative 756
Selective anterograde cerebral perfusion 337
Sepsis 453, 649, 660, 675, 709, 726, 733, 757
severe 708, 709
Septal distribution 117
Sequential compression devices 61, 203, 359
Serotonin 703
norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors 635
syndrome 733
Serum creatine phosphokinase 149
Serum electrolytes 655
Sevoflurane 65, 386
Sheehan syndrome 428
Shock 660, 675
cardiogenic 720, 726
defibrillator 726
hypovolemic 716, 717, 717t, 726
neurogenic 722, 723
primary cardiogenic 721t
septic 708, 709, 726
states, combined 101
Shoulder surgery 582
anesthesia for 582
Shunt physiology 737
Sickle cell disease 675
Sildenafil 89
Single photon emission computed tomography 386
scans 191
Sinus rhythm, normal 305
Sjögren syndrome 255
Skeletal abnormalities 159
Skin 219
prick tests 279
turgor 407
Sleep apnea 213, 267
Slit lamp 567
Sniffing position 45
Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists 109
Sodium 169, 655
bicarbonate 729
chloride 407
citrate 57
Soft tissue injury 36
Somatosensory evoked potentials 17, 261, 341, 571, 587, 591
Somnolence 476
Spinal anesthesia 7, 405, 435, 579
single-shot 435
total 415
Spinal cord
injury 722
acute 370
chronic 160
nonfatal 370
Spinal decompressive surgery 590
Spinal epidural anesthesia, combined 416, 431, 435, 459
Spirometry 17
Spontaneous breathing trial 660
Spontaneous circulation, return of 685
Spontaneous labor, management of 459
Squamous cell carcinoma 247
esophageal 352
Status epilepticus 757
Steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic 199
Steinert disease 149, 152
ST-elevation myocardial infarction 721, 725
Stenosis 301
subglottic 147, 539
tracheal 332
Stenotic lesions 143
Stent thrombosis 725
Sterile water 7
Sternal retractions 539
Steroids 20, 209, 635
supplementation, adrenal 53
therapy 267
Stiff joint syndrome 438, 439
Strabismus surgery, anesthesia for 564
Stress
cardiomyopathy 721, 726
doses 247
test 551
Stridor 37, 49, 139, 519, 671, 726, 757
Stroke volume 37, 133, 136
variation 18, 667, 718
Subarachnoid block 7, 485
single-shot 431
Substance abuse 98
disorder 768
Succinylcholine 28, 65, 69, 161, 170, 215, 371, 479, 531, 614, 655, 713, 729
Sudden cardiac death 116
Sudden death infant syndrome 445
Sufentanil 57
Sugammadex reverses blockade 29
Sulfhemoglobinemia 213
Sulfonamides 675
Superior vena cava 92, 139, 337, 359
syndrome 138, 139, 329
Supplemental oxygen 625
Supraclavicular block 7
Supraglottic airway 47, 555, 695, 699
Surgery
nonobstetric 448, 449
reconstructive 268
types of 643
Surgical retraction 741
Sweating, profuse 733
Sympathetic nervous system 157
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation 660
Syncope 89, 117
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 321
secretion 267
Systemic attacks, drug-induced 215fc
Systemic lupus erythematosus 121, 225, 254, 255, 757
Systemic vascular resistance 37, 121, 125, 143, 199, 233, 301, 305, 317, 431, 603, 649, 723
T
Tachyarrhythmias
atrial 119
ventricular 117, 119
Tachycardia 215, 660, 690, 717, 726
atrial 152
paroxysmal supraventricular 623
supraventricular 628, 691
ventricular 685
Tachypnea 539
Tacrolimus 113, 154
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy 726
Tamoxifen 203
Tamponade 685
chronic 136
Teeth, defects of 262
Telangiectasia syndrome 258
Temporomandibular joint 239, 251, 261, 525
surgery 524
Tenderness 372
Tensilon 155
Tension pneumothorax 685, 720
Teratoma 471
Terbutaline 70, 419
Testosterone 213
Tetracaine 7
Tetracycline 675
Tetrahydrocannabinol 445
Tetralogy of Fallot 143
Thalassemia 207
Thalidomide 203, 267
Thermal
amplitude 218
injury 272
Thoracic disorders 67
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair 341
Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm 334, 340, 341
Thoracoscopy 93, 324
Throat packs 655
Thrombin 428
inhibition of 203
Thrombocytopenia 83, 199, 209, 221, 267
heparin-induced 220, 221
Thromboelastogram 199, 290, 599
Thromboelastograph 313
Thromboembolism 89
pulmonary 720
Thromboprophylaxis, perioperative 61
Thrombosis 221
coronary 685
pulmonary 685
Thyroid
hormones 177
stimulating hormone 177, 178, 733
storm 732
differential diagnosis of 733b
signs of 733b
symptoms of 733b
Thyroidectomy 36
Thyromental distance 551
Thyrotoxicosis 27
Thyroxine 732
Tissue biopsy 93
Tobacco 445
use 98
Tongue, large 531
Total body
surface area 273
weight 477
Total hip
arthroplasties 575
replacement 574, 575
Total intravenous anesthesia 155, 389, 395, 551, 563, 619, 675, 748, 751
Total intravenous anesthetic technique 321, 639
Total knee
arthroplasty 579
replacement 579
Total lung capacity 85
Toxins 685
endogenous 199
Tracheal disruption 45
Tracheal intubation 10
Tracheal secretions 741
Tracheobronchial tree malformations 69
Tracheoesophageal fistula 398
types of 399f
Tracheomalacia 69, 244
Tracheopathia osteoplastica 332
Tracheostomy 10
Train-of-four
pattern 17
ratio 29
Tranexamic acid 313, 571, 606, 717
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement 305, 308, 309
Transcatheter valves 309f
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound 313
Transesophageal echocardiogram 85, 110, 173, 297, 301, 457
Transesophageal echocardiography 18, 89, 98, 109, 115, 129, 139, 143, 181, 183, 187, 283, 285, 289, 305, 309, 313, 317, 338, 341, 345, 349, 355, 359, 474, 503, 505, 509, 599
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt 626, 627
contraindications for 627t
indications for 627t
Transoral Robotic surgery 547
Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, anesthesia for 374
Transthoracic echocardiogram 301
Transthoracic echocardiography 98, 119, 121, 133, 137, 427
Transtracheal jet ventilation 423
Transversus abdominis plane 483, 489
Trastuzumab 267
Trauma 11, 525, 575, 721
anesthesia 593
patient
anesthesia for 598
evaluation of 594, 595
Treacher Collins syndrome 529, 539
Tremor 733
Trendelenburg position 49, 647, 741
Treprostinil 89
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion 297
Tricuspid regurgitation 115, 297
Trifluoroacetic acid 675
Trihexyphenidyl 165
Triiodothyronine 732
Triple H therapy 389
Tromethamine 274
Tropisetron 639
Trousseau sign 191
Tryptase 703
Tubal ligation, postpartum 464
Tuberculosis 82, 499
known 82
suspected 82
Tumor 267
necrosis factor 703
primary 575
resection 268
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 267
U
Ulcerative colitis 260
Ultrasound 17, 191
endoscopic 624
Umbilical vessel catheterization 402
Upper quadrant, right 406
Ureter 679
Urinalysis 499
Urinary tract
infections 161
symptoms, lower 485
Urine output 717
Uterine
atony 473
displacement, left 435, 473
hypotonia 152
tone 436
Uveitis 260
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty 81
V
Vaginal delivery 439
anesthesia for 461
Valvular disease 98, 243
decompensated chronic 721
severe 101
Valvular disorders 721
Vanillylmandelic acid 181
Varicella 499
Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor 267
Vascular injury, major 329
Vecuronium 29
Vein, pulmonary 505
Venous air embolism 37, 359, 571, 582
Venous thromboembolism 61, 202
Venous thrombosis 173
Venovenous bypass 509
Ventilated lung positive end-expiratory pressure 325
Ventilation 17
controlled 12
impaired 33
spontaneous 12
Ventilator disconnect alarms 17
Ventilatory dysfunction, postoperative 267
Ventricular assist devices 114, 297, 503
Ventricular contractions, premature 181
Ventricular dysfunction 143, 243
Ventricular fibrillation 628, 685
Ventricular septal defect 115, 143, 721, 738
Verapamil 651
Vertigo 139
Vesicoureteral reflex 161
Vessel dilation 139
Video-assisted thoracic surgery 324
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery 321, 325
Videolaryngoscopes 373, 519
Videolaryngoscopic-assisted fiberoptic bronchoscopy 695
Vincristine 267
Viscus, perforation of 33
Vision 243
Visual analog scale 635
Visual disorders 139
Visual loss
perioperative 646
postoperative 37
Vitamin K
deficiency 199
inhibition of 203
Vocal cord
function 550
normal 193
papillomas 534
Voltage-gated calcium channels 155
Vomiting 255, 564, 639
postoperative 53, 58, 632, 638
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome 181
von Willebrand disease 179, 209, 213
Vulvar pain 453
W
Wada test 386
Warfarin 203
Warm blood potassium cardioplegia 219
Weak cough 152
Weaning readiness 660b
Wegener granulomatosis 332
Weight loss 733
Wheezing 329, 539, 744, 753
perioperative 68
White blood cell count 529
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 623
Wood's lamp 567
World Health Organization 89, 101, 772
Wound infections, surgical 53
X
X-linked dominant protoporphyria 214
Z
Zenker diverticulum 11
Zidovudine, use of 453
×
Chapter Notes

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