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Sociology for Physiotherapists and Nurses
Dibyendunarayan Bid, Thangamani Ramalingam A
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction to Sociology
SOCIOLOGY
Meaning
Definition
Scope
Sociology and Anthropology
Sociology and Social Psychology
Sociology and Psychology
Methods and Techniques
Case Study
Questionnaire and Interview Method
Public Opinion Poll Method
Social Survey Method
Importance of Study of Sociology for Healthcare Professionals
CHAPTER 2:
Social Factors in Health and Disease
MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY/SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS
SOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS
Medical Care Facility
HEALTH AND ILLNESS
Gender Differences in Health Problem
Social Construction
CHAPTER 3:
Socialization
MEANING AND NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION
GOALS
TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
Primary Socialization
Secondary Socialization
Anticipatory Socialization
STAGES
Oral Stage
Anal Stage
Third Stage
Adolescence Stage
AGENCIES
CHAPTER 4:
Social Security
INTRODUCTION
EVOLUTION
NEED FOR SOCIAL SECURITY
PURPOSE AND CONTINGENCIES
SOCIAL SECURITY STRATEGY IN INDIA
Social Security in India
Preventive Schemes
Promotional Schemes
Protective Social Security Programs
Social Security for Disabled Persons in India
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION IN THE UNITED STATES
SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS FOR THE DISABLED PERSONS IN INDIA
Available Programs for the Disabled
Programs/Schemes Required to be Designed for the Disabled Persons
Financing of the Schemes
Administrative Arrangements
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5:
Social Problems
POPULATION EXPLOSION AND POPULATION CONTROL
IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH
POVERTY
Concept of Poverty
Causes of Poverty
Factors Responsible for Poverty
Remedial Measures for Eradication of Poverty
UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT
Concept of Unemployment
Types of Unemployment
Causes of Unemployment
Remedies of Unemployment
BEGGARY
Definition of Beggar
Types of Beggars
Causes of Beggary
Management of the Problem
Suggestions for the Eradication of Beggary
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Concept of Juvenile Delinquency
Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
PROSTITUTION
Definition
Causes of Prostitution
Types of Prostitute
Prevention and Control of Prostitution
Preventive Measures
Prohibitory Measures
Prophylactic Measures
Legislative Measures
Rehabilitation of Prostitutes
ALCOHOLISM
What is Alcoholism?
Characteristics of Alcoholism
Process of Becoming Alcoholic
Causes of Alcoholism
Suggestions for Controling and Eradicating the Problem
CHAPTER 6:
Social Change
MEANING AND NATURE OF SOCIAL CHANGE
ASPECTS OF SOCIAL CHANGE
Two Aspects of Social Change
Three Aspects of Social Change
Some Allied Concepts
THREE BASIC SOURCES OF SOCIAL CHANGE
Discovery
Inventions
Diffusion
FACTORS OF SOCIAL CHANGE
Geographical Factors
Biological Factors
Demographical Factors
Political and Military Factors
Technological Factors
Economic Factors
Ideological Factors
Role of Great Men
Education and Learning as Sources of Change
Social Legislations and Social Change
Social Movements and Social Change
Fear as a Cause of Change
OBSTACLES TO SOCIAL CHANGE
PLANNED SOCIAL CHANGE
SOCIAL CHANGE AND HUMAN ADAPTATION
Social Change and Health Programs
SOCIAL PLANNING
Aims of Social Planning
Difficulties in Implementing Social Planning
Social Planning in India
Role of Social Planning for the Improvement of Health and Rehabilitation: Preplanning
Steps in Planning Cycle
CHAPTER 7:
Social Work
MEANING AND NATURE OF SOCIAL WORK
PRINCIPLES
METHODS
ROLES
MEDICAL SOCIAL WORKER
Role of Medical Social Worker
Functions of Medical Social Worker
CHAPTER 8:
Culture and Health
CONCEPT OF CULTURE
DEFINITIONS OF CULTURE
CHARACTERISTICS
Culture is Learnt
Cultural is Social
Culture is Shared
Culture is Transmissive
Culture is Continuous and Cumulative
Culture is Consistent and Interconnected
Culture is Dynamic and Adaptive
Culture is Gratifying
Culture Varies from Society to Society
Culture is Super Organic and Ideational
SEVEN FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
Communication
Perception
Identity
Value Systems
Stratification
Production and Consumption
HIGH AND LOW CULTURE
CULTURE AND BEHAVIOR
CULTURAL MEANING OF SICKNESS
CULTURE AND HEALTH DISORDERS
Health
Illness
Sickness (Fig. 8.1)
CHAPTER 9:
Social Groups
REASON OF SOCIAL GROUPS
MEANING and nature OF SOCIAL GROUPS
DEFINITION OF SOCIAL GROUPS
CHARACTERISTICS
WHY GROUPS ARE FORMED?
Essential Conditions for the Formation of Social Groups
FUNCTIONS
GROUP CLASSIFICATION
Primary Group
Characteristics of Primary Groups
Physical conditions
Internal characteristics
Functions of Primary Groups
Secondary Group
Definition
Characteristics of Secondary Groups
INGROUPS AND OUTGROUPS
CHAPTER 10:
Rural Community
DEFINITION OF VILLAGE
FEATURES OF RURAL COMMUNITY
HEALTH HAZARDS OF RURALITES
Promotion of Health Education in Rural Areas
Main Functions of Health Centers
CHAPTER 11:
Urban Community
URBAN GROWTH AND URBANIZATION
Urbanism
Features of Urban Society
Town
City
Features of Industrial City
Features of Urban Community
Problems Faced by Modern Cities in India
Problem of Space
Residential Problem
Problem of Transport
Problem of Water Supply
Problem of Urban Pollution
Noise pollution
Solid wastes
Problem of Urban Crimes
Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards
Environmental pollution
Classification of environmental pollution
Air pollution
Water pollution
Land pollution
Radiation pollution and noise pollution
HEALTH HAZARDS OF URBANITES
CHAPTER 12:
Family
DEFINITION
CHARACTERISTICS
Some Important Features of Indian Family
TYPES
Changes in Family Patterns Worldwide
SOCIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
FUNCTIONS
Essential Functions
Non-essential Functions
Social Functions of Family
CHANGING FAMILY PATTERNS IN INDIA
INFLUENCE OF FAMILY ON HEALTH AND ILLNESS
Meaning of the Illness
A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE
Family Life Cycle Considerations
Illness as a Life Event
Reactions to a Diagnosis of a Serious Illness
Locus of Control
Implications for the Family
Enmeshment/Disengagement
Roller Coaster
Life Cycle Issues
Chronic Illness and Children
Chronic Illness in Adults
Chronic Illness in the Elderly
General Caregiving Issues
CHAPTER 13:
Problems of Employment and Health of Women
WORKING WOMEN IN THIRD WORLD NATIONS
WOMEN AND HEALTH
Sex Ratio and Life Expectancy
Neglect During Early Childhood
Death During Childbirth
Female Infanticide and Fetal Killing
Early Marriage and Women's Health
Pregnancy and Women's Health
Effects of Work on Women's Health
What Should be Done?
CHAPTER 14:
Sociology of Nutrition
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND THEIR CONNECTION TO HUNGER
Myths
Truths
Actions to Counter the Myths
DISTRIBUTION OF MALNUTRITION IN INDIA
NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN INDIA
Dietary Patterns of the Affluent
Dietary Guidelines for the Affluent
Dietary Guidelines for the Poor
Guidelines for Other Major Nutritional Problems
CHAPTER 15:
Sociology of Stress
DEFINITION OF STRESS
REACTIONS TO STRESS
HOMEOSTASIS: THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
Real/Symbolic Threats
Physiological Responses to Stress
Role of Autonomic Nervous System
Role of Endocrine System
Consequences of Lack of Physiological Response
SOCIAL FACTORS AND STRESS
Stress Situations
Types of Stress Situations
Types Specific
Stress Adaptations
Mechanic Model
Biosocial Resonation/Moss Model
Stress and the Social Group
Life Changes
CHAPTER 16:
Sociology of Aging
AGING AND THE LIFE CYCLE
Age as a Dimension of Social Organization
Stages of Human Life Cycle
Onset of Old Age
Indication of Aging
Middle Age
Old Age
CHAPTER 17:
Drug Abuse and Drug Addiction
ABERRANT BEHAVIOR
BASIC CONCEPTS
Drug
Drug Abuse
Drug Dependence
Drug Addiction
Abstinence Syndrome
Tolerance
NATURE AND IMPACT OF ABUSABLE DRUGS
Alcohol
Sedatives or Depressants
Stimulants
Narcotics
Hallucinogens
Nicotine
EXTENT AND NATURE OF DRUG ABUSE
Predisposing Factors of Drug Usage
Motivations in Drug Usage
Causes of Drug Abuse
Role of Family and Peer Group in Drug Abuse
MEASURES TO COMBAT DRUG TRAFFICKING, TREATING ADDICTS AND PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE
Utilization of Drug Trafficking
Action Plan on Drug Abuse
Control Over Drug Abuse
CHAPTER 18:
Social Control
MEANING AND NATURE OF SOCIAL CONTROL
DEFINITIONS
RELATED CONCEPTS
Concept of Self-control
Socialization
GOALS
Conformity
Uniformity
Solidarity
Continuity
Social Change
METHODS
Informal Social Control
Formal Social Control
MECHANISMS, MEANS AND CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL CONTROL
Mechanism
Types of Mechanisms
Means of Social Control
Custom
Law
Religion
Education
Family
Leadership
Mass Media
Force
Consequences of Social Control
Limits on Social Control
CHAPTER 19:
Sociology of Education
DEFINITIONS
FUNCTIONs OF EDUCATION
Equality of Educational Opportunity
Problems Concerning Equality of Opportunities in Education
Education and Social Change
Education and Modernization
Education and Culture
Education and Social Control
CHAPTER 20:
Question Bank
LONG ESSAYS
SHORT ESSAYS
SHORT ANSWERS
INDEX
TOC
Index
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