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Manual of Glaucoma Shibal Bhartiya, Parul Ichhpujani

SECTION 1: BASIC FUNDAMENTALS
1:Anatomy of Optic Nerve Head
- WHY MUST WE KNOW ABOUT THE ANATOMY OF OPTIC NERVE HEAD?
- WHAT IS THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTIC NERVE?
- WHAT IS A “NORMAL” ONH?
- WHAT IS THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF ONH?
  - Arterial Supply
  - Venous Drainage
- WHAT IS THE “AUTOREGULATION” OF ONH BLOOD SUPPLY?
- WHAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE FORMS THE SUPPORT FRAMEWORK OF ONH?
  - Lamina Cribrosa
  - Nerve Sheaths
- HOW DOES ONH BIOMECHANICS CHANGE IN GLAUCOMA?
2:Anatomy of the Anterior Chamber Angle
- WHAT IS ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE?
- WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW THE ANATOMY OF ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE?
- WHAT FORMS THE BOUNDARIES OF ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE?
  - Anteriorly
  - Posteriorly
- WHICH STRUCTURES FORM THE ANGLE OF ANTERIOR CHAMBER?
- SURGICAL LIMBUS
3:Physiology and Dynamics of Aqueous Humor
- WHY MUST I READ ABOUT AQUEOUS HUMOR?
- WHAT IS “NORMAL” ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF AQUEOUS PRODUCTION AND OUTFLOW?
  - Aqueous Production
    - Anatomy
    - Physiology
- AQUEOUS OUTFLOW
  - Anatomy
  - Physiology
- WHAT IS THE RELATION BETWEEN AQUEOUS HUMOR AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE?
  - Aqueous Humor Composition
- WHAT CHANGES IN GLAUCOMA?
  - Altered Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Glaucoma
- IMPORTANT STUFF FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: APPLIED ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
4:Pathogenesis of Glaucoma
- WHY MUST I READ ABOUT THE PATHOGENESIS OF GLAUCOMA?
- WHAT HAPPENS IN GLAUCOMA?
- WHERE DOES THE DAMAGE OCCUR?
- HOW DOES THE DAMAGE OCCUR?
- WHAT IMPORTANT STUFF MUST BE KNOWN FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE?
- WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL CORRELATES?
5:Classification of the Glaucomas
- WHY MUST WE KNOW THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM?
- WHAT IS THE “TERMINOLOGY” FOR VARIOUS FORMS OF GLAUCOMA? (TABLE 5.1)
- WHAT IS THE BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION OF GLAUCOMAS?
SECTION 2: DIAGNOSIS CLINCHERS
6:Tonometry
- WHAT IS TONOMETRY?
- WHY DO WE NEED TONOMETRY?
  - History
- WHO ALL NEED TONOMETRY?
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENTATION?
  - Schiotz Indentation Tonometer
    - Principle and Instrumentation
- HOW TO PERFORM INDENTATION TONOMETRY USING SCHIOTZ TONOMETER?
  - Pearls—Care of Schiotz Tonometer
  - Pitfalls—Sources of Error
- WHAT IS THE VERDICT FOR SCHIOTZ TONOMETER?
  - Noncontact Tonometer (NCT)
    - Principle and Instrumentation
- HOW TO PERFORM NON-CONTACT TONOMETRY?
  - Pearls—Care of NCT
  - Pitfalls
- WHAT IS THE VERDICT FOR NCT?
  - Goldmann Applanation Tonometer
    - Principle
    - Modified Imbert-Fick Law
- HOW TO PERFORM APPLANATION TONOMETRY USING GAT?
  - Common Sources of Error and Ways to Avoid Them
  - Patients with Marked Astigmatism
- HOW TO DETECT CALIBRATION ERROR OF THE GAT?
- HOW TO DISINFECT GAT PRISM?
  - Pitfalls
- WHAT IS THE VERDICT FOR GAT?
- WHAT IS THE VERDICT FOR TONOPEN?
  - Dynamic Contour Tonometer (DCT)
    - Principle and Instrumentation
- HOW TO PERFORM CONTACT TONOMETRY USING DCT?
- WHAT IS THE VERDICT FOR DCT?
  - Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA)
    - Principle and Instrumentation
  - Pearls
- WHAT IS THE VERDICT FOR ORA?
  - Rebound Tonometer
    - Principle and Instrumentation
  - Pitfalls
- WHAT IS THE VERDICT FOR REBOUND TONOMETER?
7:Pachymetry in Glaucoma
- INTRODUCTION
- PRINCIPLES
- WHO ALL NEED THE TEST? WHEN DO WE REPEAT THE TEST?
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENTATION?
- HOW TO PERFORM THE TEST?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT?
- CLINICAL EXAMPLES
  - Case 1. Thin Cornea
  - Case 2. Thick Cornea
- PEARLS AND PITFALLS
8:Optic Nerve Head Evaluation
- THE TEST
- WHY DO WE NEED TO EVALUATE THE OPTIC NERVE?
- WHO NEEDS THE TEST?
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENTATION FOR OPTIC NERVE HEAD EVALUATION?
- HOW TO PERFORM THE TEST?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT?
- PEARLS AND PITFALLS
9:Gonioscopy
- THE TEST
- PRINCIPLE OF GONIOSCOPY
- WHY DO WE NEED GONIOSCOPY?
  - How to Differentiate between Normal Iris Vessels and New Vessel in the Angle?
- WHAT ARE THE CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR PERFORMING GONIOSCOPY?
- WHEN TO DO GONIOSCOPY?
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENTATION FOR GONIOSCOPY?
- HOW TO PERFORM GONIOSCOPY?
  - Slit Lamp Settings
- INDENTATION GONIOSCOPY
  - Why do We Need Indentation Gonioscopy?
- ARTIFACTS WHEN PERFORMING GONIOSCOPY
- WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURES OF ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE SEEN THROUGH A GONIOSCOPE?
- HOW TO GRADE THE ANGLE?
  - Van Herrick-Shaffer Grading
    - Van Herrick System
- CLASSIFICATION OF THE ANGLE
- HOW TO DISINFECT GONIOLENSES?
10:Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
- THE TEST
- WHY DO WE NEED THE TEST?
- HOW TO PERFORM THE TEST?
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED/AVAILABLE INSTRUMENTATION?
- PEARLS AND PITFALLS
- POINTS OF IMPORTANCE DURING THE EVALUATION
- CONCLUSION
11:Automated Perimetry: A Synopsis
- WHAT IS VISUAL FIELD?
- WHAT ARE THE BASIC PERIMETRY TECHNIQUES?
  - Kinetic Versus Static Perimetry
- HISTORY OF AUTOMATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
- WHAT IS THE BASIC TERMINOLOGY IN RELATION TO PERIMETRY?
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENTATION?
- HOW TO DO A VISUAL FIELD TEST?
- WHAT INSTRUCTIONS SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE PATIENT?
- WHICH PROGRAM TO SELECT?
- WHICH TESTING STRATEGIES TO USE?
- WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A TYPICAL GLAUCOMATOUS VISUAL FIELD?
- SEVERITY OF FIELD CHANGES (HODAPP, ANDERSON, AND PARRISH CLASSIFICATION)
- SHORT WAVELENGTH AUTOMATED PERIMETRY AND FREQUENCY DOUBLING PERIMETRY
- HOW TO DETECT PROGRESSION OF VISUAL FIELD CHANGES IN GLAUCOMA?
- WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLUCTUATION AND PROGRESSION?
- HOW FREQUENTLY SHOULD VISUAL FIELDS BE DONE TO ASSESS GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION?
- WHAT ARE EVENT AND TREND-BASED ANALYSES?
- PROGRESSION ANALYSIS USING OCTOPUS EYESUITE PERIMETRY
12:Frequency Doubling Technology Perimetry
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS FREQUENCY DOUBLING TECHNIQUE PERIMETRY?
- WHAT IS FREQUENCY DOUBLING?
- WHO NEED THE FDT PERIMETRY?
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENTATION?
  - Machine Specifications
- WHAT IS THE STIMULUS?
- WHAT ARE THE TEST PATTERNS?
  - The C20 Pattern
  - The N30 Pattern
- HOW TO CALIBRATE THE FDT PERIMETER?
- HOW IS THE FDT PERIMETRY TEST PERFORMED?
- HOW TO INTERPRET A FDT PERIMETRY PRINTOUT?
- WHEN TO LABEL A FDT TEST AS “ABNORMAL”?
- FDT MATRIX: UPDATED FDT PERIMETER
- SOFTWARE UPGRADES IN FDT MATRIX PERIMETER
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT FOR FDT PERIMETRY?
- PEARLS AND PITFALLS
13:Optical Coherence Tomography for Glaucoma
- THE TEST
- WHY THE SHIFT FROM TIME DOMAIN OCT AND SPECTRAL DOMAIN OCT?
- WHY DO WE NEED THE TEST?
- WHO ALL NEED THE TEST? WHEN DO WE REPEAT THE TEST?
- WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS OF THE TDOCT WHEN USED FOR RNFL THICKNESS ANALYSIS?
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENTATION?
- HOW TO PERFORM THE TEST?
- RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYER
- OPTIC NERVE HEAD
- GANGLION CELL ANALYSIS
- GUIDED PROGRESSION ANALYSIS
- SPECTRALIS POSTERIOR POLE ASYMMETRY ANALYSIS
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT?
- PEARLS AND PITFALLS
14:Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucoma
- WHAT IS ANTERIOR SEGMENT OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY?
- HOW DOES ASOCT WORK?
  - Principle of ASOCT
- WHY DO WE NEED ASOCT?
- ASOCT AND GLAUCOMA
- OTHER USES
- WHAT IS THE REQUIRED INSTRUMENTATION?
- HOW TO PERFORM THE TEST?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT?
- CLINICAL EXAMPLES
- PEARLS AND PITFALLS
15:Confocal Scanning Laser Tomography: Heidelberg Retina Tomograph
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER TOMOGRAPHY?
- HOW IS THE OPTIC DISC IMAGED?
- WHICH PARAMETERS ARE ASSESSED BY HRT?
- PROGRESSION ANALYSIS
- CLINICAL CASES
  - Case 1
  - Case 2
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE/VERDICT?
SECTION 3: OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAS
16:Glaucoma Suspects
- WHO IS A GLAUCOMA SUSPECT?
- WHEN SHOULD YOU SUSPECT GLAUCOMA IN A PATIENT?
- WHO IS AT RISK OF DEVELOPING GLAUCOMA?
- HOW DO GLAUCOMA SUSPECTS PRESENT?
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GLAUCOMA?
- WHAT TO DO WITH A PATIENT REFERRED AS A GLAUCOMA SUSPECT?
- HOW TO FOLLOW-UP GLAUCOMA SUSPECTS?
- WHAT ARE THE INDICATIONS TO COMMENCE TREATMENT IN GLAUCOMA SUSPECTS?
- SUMMARY
17:Ocular Hypertension
- WHAT IS OCULAR HYPERTENSION?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES OCULAR HYPERTENSION?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW DO I MANAGE OCULAR HYPERTENSION?
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
18:Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- WHAT IS PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
  - Prevalence and Incidence
  - Risk Factors
- WHAT CAUSES POAG?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
- WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF GLAUCOMATOUS SCOTOMATA?
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW TO MANAGE POAG?
- WHAT IF CATARACT AND POAG COEXIST?
  - Cyclodestructive Procedures
  - Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery
- HOW TO FOLLOW-UP A PATIENT OF POAG?
19:Normal Tension Glaucoma
- WHAT IS NORMAL TENSION GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES NTG?
  - Pathophysiology
  - Optic Disc Appearance
    - Disc Hemorrhage or “Drance” Hemorrhage
    - Visual Field Defects
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF NTG?
- HOW TO DIAGNOSE, MANAGE, AND FOLLOW-UP NTG PATIENTS?
20:Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
- WHAT IS PSEUDOEXFOLIATION GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES PXF AND PXFG?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW TO MANAGE PXFG?
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
- PEARLS
21:Pigmentary Glaucoma
- WHAT IS PIGMENTARY GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES PG?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW TO MANAGE PG?
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
22:Traumatic Glaucoma
- WHAT IS TRAUMATIC GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT IS THE PATHOGENESIS OF TRAUMATIC GLAUCOMA?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
  - Symptoms
  - Signs
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW TO MANAGE TRAUMATIC GLAUCOMA?
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
23:Steroid-Induced Glaucoma
- WHAT IS STEROID-INDUCED GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT A GREATER RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES STEROID-INDUCED GLAUCOMA?
- HOW STEROIDS ALTER TM FUNCTION?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
  - Examination
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW TO MANAGE?
- PERSPECTIVE
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
24:Glaucoma in Systemic Disease
- WHY MUST WE KNOW ABOUT ANY SYSTEMIC DISEASE A PATIENT WITH GLAUCOMA MAY HAVE?
- WHICH SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIOUS CONDITIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RAISED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE?
  - How to manage these Uveitic Glaucomas?
- WHAT IS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLAUCOMA AND ELEVATED EPISCLERAL VENOUS PRESSURE?
  - What are the Possible Mechanisms of Glaucoma in Cases with Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure?
  - How to manage Glaucoma in Cases with Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure?
- WHAT IS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLAUCOMA AND VASCULAR AND HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS?
- WHAT IS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLAUCOMA AND NEOPLASIA?
- IS THERE ANY SYNDROMAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GLAUCOMA AND SYSTEMIC DISORDERS?
- ARE THERE ANY FORMS OF GLAUCOMA HAVING AN UNCERTAIN RELATIONSHIP AND SYSTEMIC DISEASES?
SECTION 4: ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
25:Angle-Closure Glaucoma
- WHAT IS ANGLE CLOSURE?
- WHO IS AT RISK OF ANGLE CLOSURE GLAUCOMA?
- WHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS OF ANGLE CLOSURE?
- HOW DO WE ASSESS THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE?
- HOW DOES ANGLE CLOSURE PRESENT?
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW DO I MANAGE ANGLE CLOSURE?
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
26:Uveitic/Inflammatory Glaucoma
- WHAT IS UVEITIC/INFLAMMATORY GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES UVEITIC/INFLAMMATORY GLAUCOMA?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT? WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW TO MANAGE UVEITIC/INFLAMMATORY GLAUCOMA?
  - Medical Management
  - Surgical Management
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
27:Neovascular Glaucoma
- WHAT IS NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES NVG?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
  - Stages of NVG
- HOW TO MANAGE NVG?
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
28:Lens-Induced Glaucoma
- WHAT ARE LENS-INDUCED GLAUCOMAS?
  - Glaucoma Associated with Normal Position of Lens or Formation of Cataract
  - Glaucoma Related to Abnormal Position of Lens
29:Malignant Glaucoma
- WHAT IS MALIGNANT GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES MALIGNANT GLAUCOMA?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW TO MANAGE MALIGNANT GLAUCOMA?
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
  - Clinical Cases
    - Case 1
    - Case 2
30:Postoperative Glaucoma
- INTRODUCTION
- UVEITIC-GLAUCOMA-HYPHEMA SYNDROME
- STEROID-INDUCED GLAUCOMA
- SILICONE OIL-INDUCED GLAUCOMA
- GLAUCOMA AFTER SCLERAL BUCKLING SURGERIES
- GLAUCOMA AFTER INTRAVITREAL GAS
- AQUEOUS MISDIRECTION
- SUPRACHOROIDAL HEMORRHAGE
SECTION 5: CHILDHOOD GLAUCOMA
31:Congenital and Developmental Glaucomas
- WHAT ARE CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL GLAUCOMAS?
- WHO IS AT RISK?
- WHAT CAUSES CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA?
- HOW DOES IT PRESENT?
- GLAUCOMAS ASSOCIATED WITH NONACQUIRED OCULAR ANOMALIES
- WHAT IS THE NATURAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE?
- HOW TO MANAGE GLAUCOMA IN CHILDREN?
  - Diagnosis
  - Physical Examination
- MANAGEMENT
- FOLLOW-UP: WHEN AND HOW?
SECTION 6: BATTLING GLAUCOMA
32:Glaucoma Progression
- WHAT IS GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION?
- IN WHOM DO WE MONITOR FOR PROGRESSION?
- HOW TO ASSESS FOR PROGRESSION?
  - Structural Assessment
  - Functional Assessment
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT?
  - Follow-up
33:Medical Management of Glaucoma
- WHO IS “FIT” FOR MEDICAL THERAPY?
- WHO IS “NOT” FIT FOR MEDICAL THERAPY?
- HOW TO CHOOSE THE MEDICATION?
- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
  - Maximal Tolerable Medical Therapy (MTMT)
  - Hyperosmotic Agents
- WHAT CAN GO WRONG?
- HOW FREQUENTLY TO FOLLOW UP?
34:Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty
- INTRODUCTION
- PEARLS AND PITFALLS
35:Laser Iridotomy and Iridoplasty
- IRIDOTOMY (LASER PERIPHERAL IRIDOTOMY)
- IRIDOPLASTY (ARGON LASER PERIPHERAL IRIDOPLASTY)
36:Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION?
37:Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation
- WHAT IS ENDOSCOPIC CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION?
- HOW TO PERFORM THE PROCEDURE?
  - Anterior Approach
  - Pars Plana Approach
- WHAT CAN GO WRONG?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT?
- HOW TO FOLLOW UP POST-ECP?
38:Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT CAN GO WRONG?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT VERSUS OTHER SIMILAR OPTIONS?
- HOW FREQUENTLY TO FOLLOW-UP POSTPROCEDURE?
39:Modern Trabeculectomy
- WHO IS “FIT” FOR THIS PROCEDURE?
- WHO IS “NOT” FIT FOR THIS PROCEDURE?
- HOW TO PERFORM THE PROCEDURE?
  - Modifications that Affect Outcome
- WHAT CAN GO WRONG?
- HOW FREQUENTLY TO FOLLOW UP POST-PROCEDURE?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT?
40:Glaucoma Drainage Devices
- WHAT ARE GLAUCOMA DRAINAGE DEVICES?
- WHO ARE “FIT” FOR GDDs?
- DOES “ONE SIZE” FIT ALL?
- WHO ARE “UNFIT” FOR GDDs?
- WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF GDDs?
- WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING A GDD?
- HOW TO PERFORM A GDD SURGERY?
- WHO CAN HAVE COMPLICATIONS WITH GLAUCOMA IMPLANTS?
- WHAT ARE THE MOST FREQUENT COMPLICATIONS WITH ALL GLAUCOMA IMPLANTS?
- HOW TO MANAGE THE MOST COMMON INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS?
- HOW TO MANAGE THE MOST COMMON EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS?
- HOW TO MANAGE THE MOST COMMON LATE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT?
41:Newer Surgical Procedures
- INTRODUCTION
- WHO ALL ARE “FIT” AND “UNFIT” FOR THE NEWER PROCEDURE?
- WHAT ARE THE ANATOMICAL PRINCIPLES FOR THESE PROCEDURES?
- WHAT CAN GO WRONG?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT VERSUS OTHER SIMILAR OPTIONS?
42:Wound Healing following Glaucoma Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS THE BASIC PHYSIOLOGY OF WOUND HEALING?
- HIGHLIGHTS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL MODULATION OF WOUND HEALING
- FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
43:Postoperative Management after Trabeculectomy
- WHAT FORMS THE STANDARD POST-TRABECULECTOMY REGIMEN?
- WHAT ARE THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING TRABECULECTOMY?
- WHAT ARE THE LATE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS?
- BLEBITIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Management
    - Regimen 1
    - Regimen 2
- BLEB RELATED ENDOPHTHALMITIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Management
44:Complementary and Alternate Therapies
- WHAT ARE THE CURRENT CONCEPTS OF HOLISTIC HEALING FOR GLAUCOMA?
- WHO IS “FIT” FOR CAM?
- WHO IS “NOT” FIT FOR CAM?
- WHAT ARE THE AVAILABLE OPTIONS?
- WHAT CAN GO WRONG?
- WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC VERDICT VERSUS OTHER SIMILAR OPTIONS?

INDEX

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Chapter Notes