Richa
Saxena
MBBS, MD (Obstetrics & Gynecology)
Obstetrician and Gynecologist PG Diploma in clinical research
New Delhi,
India
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Obstetrics and Gynecology: Clinical Correlations with Diagnostic Implications
First Edition: 2016
9789351529798
Printed at
5Dedication
7Preface
“The good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease.”
—William Osler
(From The Medical Library in Postgraduate Work, BMJ. 1909;2:925-8)
Just as every individual is unique, every patient too presents with his or her distinct story. The same disease may affect two individuals in different ways. For example, one patient may present with chronic pelvic pain while the other one with infertility. However, both of them may be suffering from a similar disease, i.e. endometriosis in this case. Thus every patient presents as a unique jigsaw puzzle. The book “Obstetrics and Gynecology: Clinical Correlations with Diagnostic Implications” is the author's deeply contemplated effort in the direction of solving that jigsaw puzzle. The book presents a compilation of 42 clinical cases in the speciality of obstetrics and gynecology. Of these, 23 clinical cases are pertaining to obstetrics and 19 clinical cases are pertaining to gynecology. Each clinical case scenario is followed by multiple-choice questions, which will not only help in solving the jigsaw related to clinical case presentation, its diagnosis and management but would also enable the readers in using their own judgements before solving each case.
In clinical practice, “It is much more important to know what sort of a patient has a disease than what sort of a disease a patient has.” Each case presented in this book is distinctive, with each patient having an exclusive set of signs and symptoms. Through these cases, the reader would also be able to grasp the basics of obstetrics and gynecology. The book would be useful to the practitioners as well as the postgraduate students, residents and fellows in obstetrics and gynecology. Even the general practitioners who have not received formal training in obstetrics and gynecology may find this book useful.
I believe that writing a book involves a continuous learning process. It involves extreme hard labor and toil. For this, I would like to thank the Almighty for enabling me to initiate and complete this gigantic task. Though extreme care has been taken to maintain accuracy while writing this book, minor errors may inadverently creep in at times. Therefore, constructive criticism would be greatly appreciated. Please e-mail me your comments at the email address: richa@drrichasaxena.com. Also, please feel free to visit my website www.drrichasaxena.com for obtaining information related to various other books written by me and to make use of the free resources available for the medical students.
Richa Saxena
11List of Abbreviations
ACCAmerican College of Cardiology
ACOGAmerican College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists
ADAAmerican Diabetes Association
AFBAcid-fast bacilli
AFIAmniotic fluid index
AHAAmerican Heart Association
AIDSAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALTAlanine transaminase
ANCAntenatal clinic
APGARActivity, pulse, grimace, appearance and respiration
APTTActivated partial thromboplastin time
ARTAssisted reproductive technology
ASTAspartate aminotransferase
AUBAbnormal uterine bleeding
BMIBody mass index
BPBlood pressure
BPMBeats per minute
BPPBiophysical profile
CBCComplete blood count
CCClomiphene citrate
CDCCenter for Disease Control and Prevention
CHMComplete hydatidiform mole
CPPChronic pelvic pain
CRPC-reactive protein
CTComputed tomography
CVPCentral venous pressure
CVSChorionic villus sampling
D&CDilation and curettage
DICDisseminated intravascular coagulation
DLCDifferential leukocyte count
DNADeoxyribonucleic acid
DUBDysfunctional uterine bleeding
DVTDeep vein thrombosis
EDDExpected date of delivery
EFWEstimated fetal weight
ESRErythrocyte sedimentation rate
FDAFood and Drug Administration
FDPFibrin degradation products
FGRFetal growth restriction
FHRFetal heart rate
FHSFetal heart sound
FIGOInternational Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
FMHFetomaternal hemorrhage
FSHFollicle-stimulating hormone
GCTGlucose challenge test
GDMGestational diabetes mellitus
GITGastrointestinal tract
GnRHGonadotropin-releasing hormone
GTDGestational trophoblastic disease
12GTNGestational trophoblastic neoplasia
hCGHuman chorionic gonadotropin
HIVHuman immunodeficiency virus
HPVHuman papilloma virus
HRTHormone replacement therapy
IDAIron deficiency anemia
IMIntramuscular
INRInternational normalized ratio
IUCDIntrauterine contraceptive device
IUDIntrauterine death
IUGRIntrauterine growth retardation
IUIIntrauterine insemination
IVIntravenous
IVFIn vitro fertilization
LDHLactate dehydrogenase
LHLuteinizing hormone
LMPLast menstrual period
LMWHLow molecular weight heparin
MRIMagnetic resonance imaging
NDDGNational diabetes data group
NSAIDsNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSTNonstress test
OCPOral contraceptive pills
OGTTOral glucose tolerance test
OPDOut patient department
Papsmear Papanicolaou smear
PAPP-APregnancy associated plasma protein A
PCODPolycystic ovarian disease
PEPulmonary embolism
PHMPartial hydatidiform mole
PIDPelvic inflammatory disease
PIHPregnancy-induced hypertension
PMSPremenstrual syndrome
PPHPostpartum hemorrhage
PPROMPreterm premature rupture of membrane
PROMPremature rupture of membrane
PTProthrombin time
RBCRed blood cell
RNARibonucleic acid
ROMRupture of membrane
STDSexually transmitted disease
STISexually transmitted infection
TAHTotal abdominal hysterectomy
TASTransabdominal sonography
TLCTotal leukocyte count
TRHThyrotropin-releasing hormone
TSHThyroid-stimulating hormone
TTThrombin time
TVSTransvaginal sonography
UTIUrinary tract infection
VDRLVeneral disease research laboratory test
VVCVulvovaginal candidiasis
WBCWhite blood cell
WHOWorld Health Organization
WNLWithin normal limit