A
Acetanilide 452
Acetazolamide 25
Acetic acid 159
Acetylation 452
Acetyltransferase 178
Aching swollen joints 297
Acid-base analysis, assessment of 253
Acid-base catalysis 21
Acid-base disorders 250
Acid-base disturbances 250t
Acid-base homeostasis 245
Acidic amino acids 44
Acquired hyperbilirubinemia 221
Acute cardiopulmonary arrest 253
Acute gout 387
Acute hepatitis 381
Acute intermittent porphyria 219
Acute nephrotic syndrome 386
Acute pancreatitis 32
Acute renal failure 386
Acute viral hepatitis 32
Adrenal gland 231
Adrenal insufficiency 233
Adrenal medulla 235
Adriamycin hydrochloride 349
Aerobic glycolysis, reactions of 105
Alcohol metabolism 380
Alcoholic liver disease 32
Aldolase 128
Alkali denaturation test 215t
Alkalosis 278
Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone 227
activation of 348
catabolism of 65
chemical properties of 45
chemistry of 41
decarboxylases 69
degradation 198
determination of 387
paper chromatography of 427f
pool 64f
Amino sugars 97
Aminoaciduria 387
Amylopectinosis 124
Anaerobic glycolysis 110
Anaplerotic reactions 116f
Andersen's disease 124
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 25
Angular stomatitis cheilosis 322
Antibiotics 278
Antiviral therapy 438
Apolipoprotein 154f
Apoproteins 156
Appetite, loss of 298
Arachidonic acid 159
Argininosuccinic acid synthetase 67
Ariboflavinosis 299
Arrhythmias 269
Arterial blood gas 279
Astrocytes 435
Ataxic gait 298
Azathioprine 335
Azidothymidine 336
B
Bartter's syndrome 278
Beer's law 421
Bence Jones protein 54
Benedict's test 97
Benign prostate hypertrophy 34
Benign transient neonatal tyrosinemia 76
Benzoic acid, detoxification of 302
Bicarbonate buffer system 246
Biliary tract cells 380f
Bipolar cells 461
Biuret reaction 57
Blood
buffer system 246
cells 448
gas analyzer 253f
pressure, regulation of 163
vessels, lesions of 284
Blurred vision 67
Body mass index 323
Brewer's yeast 287
Burkitt's lymphoma 434
Butylated hydroxyanisole 162
Butyric acid 159
C
Calcitonin, action of 268
Candida albicans 451
Captopril 25
Carbaminohemoglobin 217
Carbon dioxide 246
Carbon skeletons, metabolic fate of 69
Carboxyhemoglobin 216
Cardiac contraction, control of 412
Cardiolipin 152
Catalase 456
Cataract 464f
Catecholamines, formation of 77f
Cell proliferation 441f
Cellular immunity 54
Centrifugation, applications of 424
Centrifuges, types of 424
Ceramide 152
Cerebral beriberi 298
Cerebrosides 152
Ceruloplasmin 32
Cervical cancer 434
Chloramphenicol 349
Chloride 280
Cholesterol 160
functions of 160
metabolic fate of 181
metabolism 179
hormonal regulation of 205
structure of 160f
synthesis 180f
Cholic acid 182
Chromium toxicity 287
Chronic glomerulonephritis 386
Chronic hemolytic anemia 215
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 253
Chronic thyroiditis 391
Cirrhosis 381
Citric acid cycle 199
Cobalt toxicity 286
Color vision 463
Colorimetry 421
Conformational coupling hypothesis 262
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria 219
Conjugated bilirubin 383
Conjunctival inflammation 322
Coris disease 124
C-reactive protein 295
Creatine kinase 31
Crigler-Najjar syndrome 222
Crohn's syndrome 235
Cryptococcus neoformans 433
Cyanmethemoglobin 217
Cyanocobalamin 17
Cystathioninuria 82
Cystinuria 81
Cytidine monophosphate 374
Cytochromes 262
D
Dansyl chloride 45
Deoxyadenosylcobalamin 17
Deoxyhemoglobin, polymerization of 214f
Diabetic nephropathy 387
Dietary glycerophospholipids 170
Digestion, mechanism of 103f
Dihydrofolate reductase 25
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 184
Dihydroxyphenylalanine, conversion of 297
Dinitrophenylhydrazine 80
Diphenylhydantoin 137
Distal renal tubular acidosis 388
Double antibody method, principle of 429f
Dry beriberi 298
Dubin-Johnson syndrome 222
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 415
E
Ehrlich’ aldehyde reagent 384
Ehrlich’ test 383
Eicosapentaenoic acid 164
Enalapril 25
Endocytosis 156f
Enolase 271
activity, regulation of 28
adenosine deaminase, deficiency of 374
catalysis, mechanism of 20
catalyzed reaction 16f
chemical nature of 16
classification of 19
covalent modification of 31f
degradation 31
duplication of 364f
applications of 429
Eosinophilia 234
Epinephrine 203
Epstein-Barr virus 434
Erythromycin 349
Erythropoietic protoporphyria 219
Escherichia coli 415
Estradiol 467
Estrogens 132
Excretory function test 387
Exophthalmia 322
F
Fasting blood sugar regulation 131
classification of 159
de novo synthesis of 176
functions of 159
metabolism, regulation of 175f
numbering of 158
enzyme complex 177f
synthesis, steps of 178f
Ferritin 282
Fever 163
Fibrinogen 53
Fibronectin 398
Fibrous proteins 48
Flavoproteins 261
Floxuridine 335
Fludarabine 335
Folacin 306
Folate trap 304
Follicular hyperkeratosis 322
Follicular keratosis 292
Formylmethionine 80
Fouchet's reagent 383
Fouchet's test 383
Fragile blood vessels 297
Fragile X syndrome 365
G
Galactosemia 127
Ganglion cells 461
Gangliosides 153
Gas-liquid chromatography 426
Gastric hydrochloric acid 162
Gastric ulcer, prevention of 163
Gastrointestinal bleeding 68
Gastrointestinal hormones 132
Gastrointestinal infections 433
Gemcitabine 336
Gilbert's syndrome 222
Globular proteins 48
Glomerulonephritis 386
Glucokinase 107
Glucose 132
formation of 120f
ingestion 139
sodium independent transporter of 104
tolerance tests 137
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 182
Glycocholic acid 182
Glycolipids 152
Glycoregulatory hormones 278
Glycosidic bond 96
Glyoxylate cycle 115
Graves’ disease 390
Guanosine triphosphate 333
H
Harris-Benedict formula 317
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 391
Hay's test 383
Head circumference 323
Heart disease 458
Heart muscle 405
Hematuria 387
Heme catabolism 219
Heme proteins 281
Heme synthesis 217
Hemochromatosis 283
buffer
action of 248
system 248f
catabolism, disorders of 220
oxygen dissociation curve of 210f
quaternary structure of 51f
Hemorrhage 283
Hemosiderosis 283
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation 245
Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria 219
Hereditary coproporphyria 219
Hers disease 124
Hexokinase 107
High blood pressure 234
Hill equation 24
Hip circumference 323
Histidinemia 79
Histones 48
Homocysteinemia 81
Hookworm infestation 283
Hormonal action, mechanism of 226
Horseradish peroxidase 359
Human papillomavirus 434
Humoral immunity 54
Hunter's syndrome 400
Huntington's disease 365
Hurler's syndrome 400
Hurler-Scheie syndrome 400
Hydrogen ion balance 245
Hydrophobic interactions 50
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma 136
Hyperkalemia 279
Hyperlipoproteinemia 158
Hypernatremia 275
Hyperphosphatemia 271
Hyperthyroid diseases 230
Hyperuricemia 124
Hypoglycemic hormone 131
Hypomagnesemia 269
Hypophosphatemia 271
Hypophyseal hormones 226
Hypothyroid diseases 230
Hypovolemia 68
Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 371
I
Incomplete proteins 313
Inherited conjugated hyperbilirubinemia 222
Inherited unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia 222
Inosine monophosphate, synthesis of 372f
action of 188
deficiency, signs and symptoms of 135f
dependent diabetes mellitus 134
inhibit ketogenesis 184
mediated enzyme synthesis 133
Intoxication 251
Intrahepatic cholestasis 381
Intravenous glucose tolerance test 139
Ionizing radiations, types of 444
Irritable bowel syndrome 314
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 285
Isozyme analysis 425
K
Kaposi's sarcoma 434
Keratomalacia 292
Ketolysis 184f
Kinky-hair disease 284
Korsakoff's psychosis 298
Krebs cycle 113
Krebs-Henseleit cycle 66
L
Lactic acidemia 124
Lactosuria 131
Lambert's law 422f
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 374
Leukemia 387
Leukoplakia 322
Leukotrienes 164
Liddle syndrome 278
Lignoceric acid 159
Linoleic acid 159
Lipids 380
amphipathic nature of 161
chemistry of 150
classification of 150
functions of 150
regulation of 188
properties of 161
synthesis of 189
alcohol dehydrogenase 285
enzymes 32
failure 68
function tests 380
glycogen phosphorylase 124
metabolism 186f
mitochondria 183
synthesizes 381
Low-protein diet 68
Lung infections 433
Lymphocyte count 468
Lymphocytosis 234
Lymphoreticular system 435
M
Malignant carcinoid 78
Malonyl transferase 178
Manganese deficiency 285
Marfan's syndrome 398
McArdle's disease 124
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 214
Mean corpuscular volume 214
Melanin 76
Membrane, lipids bilayer of 161f
Menadione 295
Menaquinone 295
Menkes syndrome 284
Menopause 237
Metabolic acid 246
Metabolic rate, measurement of 316
Methemoglobin 216
Methemoglobinemia, causes of 216
Methotrexate 25
Methylcobalamin 17
Methylmalonic aciduria 304
Mid-upper arm circumference 322
Mitochondria, structure of 260
Mitochondrial monoamine oxidase 451
Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 285
Mitomycin C 349
Mixed acid-base disorders 252
Molybdenum 285
Monoiodotyrosine 77
Monounsaturated fatty acid 159
Moon face 234
Mother-to-child transmission 438
Multiple myeloma 270
Muscle
diseases 415
enzymes 32
fiber 405
glycogen phosphorylase 124
glycogenolysis 122
types of 405
weakness 279
Mutation, types of 363
Mycobacterium avium complex 433
N
Neomycin 349
Neonatal jaundice 221
Nephron, structure of 385f
Nephrosclerosis 386
Nervous system, microglia of 435
Neutral amino acids 44
Nicotinamide 305
Ninhydrin reaction 45
Ninhydrin test 57
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 185
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 186
Non-competitive inhibition 26
Non-heme proteins 281
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 438
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 279
Normal blood urea nitrogen 68
Normal glucose tolerance curve 138
Normal glucose tolerance test 138f
Northern blotting 357
Novobiocin 349
Nucleoprotein 48
Numbness 280
Nutritional deficiency 322t
Nystagmus 298
O
Ochronosis 76
Oligodendrocytes 435
Oligomycin 264
Oligosaccharides 91
Oliguria 387
Organ function tests 380
Organic acids 251
Ornithine transcarbamylase 67
Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase 376
Orotic aciduria 377
Osteoblastoma 448
Osteogenesis imperfecta 397
Ovarian hormones 226
Oxytocin 229
P
Packed cell volume 424
Paget's disease 270
Pain 163
Pancreatic disease 135
Pancreatic enzymes 32
Pancreatitis 270
Paracetamol 452
Paralysis 280
Parathyroid carcinoma 270
Pellagra 300
Pentose phosphate pathway 124
Periodic hyperlysinemia 73
Peripheral neuritis 298
Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation 175
Persistent hyperlysinemia 73
Phenolsulfonphthalein test 387
Phenylhydrazine, action of 95
Phosphate buffer system 247
Phosphatidylcholine, metabolism of 184
Phosphatidylserine 152
Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate 333
Phosphogluconate pathway 124
Phosphoprotein 48
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate 371
Photophobia 322
Photoreceptor cells 459
Phylloquinone 295
Physiologic jaundice 221
Pigmented scaly dermatitis 300
Plasmalogen, synthesis of 188
Plasmids, manipulation of 360
Pneumocystis jirovecii 433
Pneumonia 387
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 425
Polyamines 70
Polycystic kidney 386
Polycythemia vera 387
Polydipsia 275
Polypeptide 46
Pompes disease 124
Porphyria cutanea tarda 219
Post-exposure prophylaxis 438
Postprandial blood sugar 131
Prehepatic jaundice 221
Primary aldosteronism 235
Primary hyperparathyroidism 270
Primary parathyroid hyperplasia 270
Progesterone 238
absorption of 63
biological value of 319
bound iodine 287
buffer system 248
chemistry of 41
classification of 47
deficiency 322
degradation 65
denaturation of 51
energy malnutrition 322
post-translational modification of 351
primary structure of 49f
structure of 49
synthesis
inhibitors of 349t
steps of 348
tertiary structure of 50f
Proteinuria 387
Pseudohyperkalemia 280
Pseudohypokalemia 279
Pseudohypoparathyroidism 269
Puberty 237
Purine, biosynthesis of 371
Puromycin 349
Pyrophosphate 14
Pyruvic acid 189
R
Radiation hazard symbol 445
Radiotherapy 447
Random blood sugar 131
Rapoport-Luebering cycle 111
Redox reactions, principle of 259
Refsum disease 176
Reichert-Meissl number 162
Renal function tests 385
Renal glycosuria 139
Respiratory acid-base disorders 252
Respiratory electron transport chain 260
Retina layers 461
Retinoic acid 296
Retinopathy 136
Rhodopsin 48
Ribozymes 17
Rods and cones, structure of 460f
Rotor syndrome 222
S
S-adenosine monophosphate 333
Salicylate intoxication 253
Sanger's reagent 45
Saponification 161
Sarcomere, structure of 406f
Sarcotubular system 409f
Saturated fatty acid 159
Scheie's syndrome 400
Sepsis 387
Serum total protein estimation 381
Serum transaminases 384
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease 374
Severe fatty liver 186f
Severe pulmonary edema 253
Sexual transmission 434
Sexually transmitted diseases 438
Sialic acid 97
Sick euthyroid syndrome 391
Sickle red blood cells 214f
Sickling test 215
Single antibody method, principle of 429f
Skin 448
Slide gel electrophoresis 425
Sliding filament model 408
Sodium 272
Solitary parathyroid adenoma 270
Solitary thyroid nodules 389
Sorbitol dehydrogenase 128
Spectrophotometry 421
Sphingomyelin 152
Spongy gums 297
Squamous cell carcinoma 270
Starch, structure of 91f
Stearic acid 159
Storage protein 47
Streptomycin 349
Subcellular organelles, isolation of 424f
Sulfhemoglobin 216
Sulfite oxidase 285
Sulfonamides 373
Sulfur conjugation 453
Superoxide dismutase 456
Suprarenal cortical hormones 226
Suprarenal medullary hormones 226
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 273
T
Tachycardia 299
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid 182
Taurocholic acid 182
Testicular hormones 226
Testosterone 467
Tetrahydrofolic acid 26
Tetraiodothyronine 77
Thermus aquaticus 355
Thiazide diuretics 281
Thiokinase 271
Thromboxane 163f
Thymine 342
Toxic multinodular goiter 390
Toxoplasma gondii 433
Transport proteins 47
Trifluorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone 264
Triiodothyronine 77
Tube gel electrophoresis 425
Tuberculosis 433
Tubular disease 388
Tubular necrosis 386
U
Unconjugated bilirubin 383
Unsaturated fatty acids 159
Uracil nucleotides 334
Urea clearance test 385
Urinary tract infection 388
Urinary tract obstruction 387
Urine bile salt 383
Urine tests 469
Urobilinogen 383
Uronic acid pathway 129
V
van den Bergh's reaction 382
van den Bergh's test 382
van der Waals forces 51
Viral hepatitis, types of 384