Essentials of BIOCHEMISTRY
Essentials of BIOCHEMISTRY (for Medical Students)
Third Edition
Shivananda Nayak B MSc PhD FAGE NRCC-CC (USA) FACB (USA)
Professor of Biochemistry Department of Preclinical Sciences Faculty of Medical Sciences University of the West Indies
Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
Visiting Professor Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences
Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
Foreword Ramdas M Pai
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Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students)
First Edition: 2010
Second Edition: 2013
Third Edition: 2016
9789352500024
Printed at
My Parents and Family
Biochemistry is such a vast branch of medical science that it has been the backbone of many studies aimed at raising the standard and effectiveness of medical procedures. It encompasses a host of subspecialties relevant to a thorough study of the subject. For medical students in particular, an in-depth knowledge of the subject is essential to ensure a successful medical career.
I am glad that Dr Shivananda Nayak B has come out with yet another book on Biochemistry to enable the medical students to understand the subject thoroughly and with ease. As an author of three earlier books on Biochemistry, he has dealt with the subject with lucidity and clarity in this book. His meticulous presentation of the subject with illustrations in the chapters of this book will certainly add to the relevance of the book for medical students. The MCQs and case studies of each chapter will certainly help the medical graduates to prepare for postgraduate entrance tests. Having worked as a teacher of Biochemistry for the last over 20 years, he knows the pulse of the students and the book is sure to demonstrate the wealth of his knowledge about the subject.
I am happy to write the Foreword for this book Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students) and I hope the book will receive appreciation from both the medical students and their teachers.
Ramdas M Pai mbbs
President and Chancellor
Manipal University
Manipal, Karnataka, India
Message
It gives me the greatest pleasure to write this message to commemorate the publication of this fine textbook, Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students), authored by my colleague Dr Shivananda Nayak B.
At the Faculty of Medical Sciences in the University of the West Indies, Dr Nayak is very highly respected by all levels of staff and it is my observation that he is extremely well-liked by the student body. The reason is plain—he is totally committed to them and can be confidently described as student centered.
He believes in making learning easy as he has been systematic in his approach so that ideas and information can be readily infused within the vast knowledge base that is required in the curriculum, which serves the future health professional.
Dr Nayak has had a meteoric rise to this position of author having already produced three successful books each of which is focused to a special audience.
He is really a visionary and is truly an asset to the Department of Preclinical Sciences and the Faculty of Medical Sciences. His aim is to help and that is being accomplished admirably in the way that he has touched the lives of the many who have been able to gain from his own teaching, learning and research experience.
As a person, Dr Nayak is humble, patient and honest in his work. In a project such as this, he was ably supported by his wife who would have endured many hours without his immediate attention, as he was engrossed in this vision. I thank her for this level of devotion to him.
I am sure that this book will be one that students will read now for their initial exposure, but they will be happy to keep this for their continuing education in the years to come, when they will be looking for information, which is easy to read and assimilate.
My heartiest congratulations to him on this milestone achievement!
Samuel Ramsewak frcog facog md
Professor
Faculty of Medical Sciences
University of the West Indies
Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
Message
I am glad that Dr Shivananda Nayak B has come out with third edition of Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students). The book includes the biochemical aspects that are essential for medical students. Presentation is simple, lucid, concise and easily reproducible. All chapters have been thoroughly revised and updated. New chapters have been incorporated. Diagram-based explanation and self-assessment questions given in each chapter are useful for examination preparation. I am confident that the students will be benefitted from this book.
Wilma Delphine Silvia cr md dnb mnams fage
NABL Assessor, Executive Editor of IJCDR
Professor and Head
Department of Biochemistry
Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Message
I am immensely pleased to compliment Dr Shivananda Nayak B, who has authored this textbook Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students), which has now entered the third edition.
Professor Shivananda Nayak is a meticulous scientist, an alumnus of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India, and also former Associate Professor. Throughout his career, he received several fellowships and authored numerous textbooks on biochemistry. He is an enthusiastic and fanatical teacher I have ever come across. His publications stand a key index of his knowledge in the subject.
I am sure that this book makes Biochemistry comprehensible and will be chosen by thousands of medical students and graduates in Biochemistry. The line drawings and diagrams help students remember the important structures and processes, while the multiple choice questions and case studies applied enable the students to test their skills. This much-awaited textbook being published for the third time will be a boon to the students.
I extend my congratulations to Dr Nayak for his achievement and also wish him many more fruitful endeavors.
Anuradha CV msc phd
Professor
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Faculty of Science
Annamalai University
Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India
Message
I am very happy that Dr Shivananda Nayak B is bringing the third edition of his book Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students). I know him as my teacher as well as my mentor throughout my studies in Manipal University. I have gone through this book, which has been presented in a simple way that anyone can understand easily. The presentation is simple, lucid, concise and easily reproducible with all chapters thoroughly revised and updated. Diagram-based explanation and self-assessment questions given in each chapter are useful for easy understanding as well as for examination preparation. Students will be benefitted from this book. I congratulate him on his achievement and for bringing out this third edition expediously.
Surapaneni Krishna Mohan phd mhpe csci mrsc
Associate Professor
Department of Biochemistry
Faculty of Medicine
Saveetha University
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Preface to the Third Edition
I am glad to present the third edition entitled Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students). My experience of more than 20 years in teaching Biochemistry to Medical, Dental and Allied health, Pharmacy and Nursing students in India as well as abroad made me to present this third edition in a simple way that can be easily understood by the student community. I tried my best to incorporate diagram-based explanation and self-assessment questions in each chapter. The encouragement, support and suggestions from lecturers, professors and the students inspired me to reveal this third edition with interesting flowcharts.
As per my promise, I am bringing this third edition and the textbook will be improved only by successive revisions. The comments, suggestions and constructive criticisms from faculty and students are always welcome. Please feel free to communicate at my e-mail address shiv25@gmail.com, if you have any suggestion.
Shivananda Nayak B
Preface to the First Edition
I am glad to present this edition entitled Essentials of Biochemistry (for Medical Students). There are many textbooks, which deal with the theory aspects of Biochemistry in a simple way. My experience of more than 18 years in teaching Biochemistry to medical students both in India and abroad has motivated me to write this title in a simple way that can be easily grasped by the student community. I tried my best to incorporate diagram-based explanations wherever necessary that may help the readers. Also, I made an attempt to present self-assessment questions and case studies at the end of each chapter. The encouragement and support both from the teacher and the student community inspired me to present this title with interesting diagram-based explanations.
It is my duty to thank all those who warmly received my other titles like Manipal Manual of Clinical Biochemistry and Handbook of Biochemistry published by M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India. I sincerely thank Dr Ramdas M Pai, President, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, and Dr Sudhakar Nayak, Head, Department of Biochemistry, who encouraged me to offer my 15 years of service to the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. I am always grateful to Dr Shivaraj, Professor (Biochemistry) for his inspirations throughout my service. I am indebted to Dr Bhoendradatt Tewarie, Director (PVC planning), University of the West Indies, for his support when I joined the university. It is my pleasure to thank Professor Samuel Ramsewak, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, for his support. Last but not least, I thank each and every one who encouraged me to write this title at the right time. I extend my thanks to Miss Geetha Bhaktha for editing the contents.
I am immensely grateful to Dr Geetha Samanth (DVS College of Arts and Science, Shivamogga), Dr (Mrs) Vinutha Bhat and Dr Krishnananda Prabhu (Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India) for contributing the following chapters—Cell, Biochemistry of Cancer and Radioisotopes in Medicine, respectively.
A textbook will be improved only by successive revisions. I will try to revise this book every two years. The comments, suggestions and constructive criticisms from faculty and students are always welcome. Please feel free to communicate at my e-mail address shiv25@gmail.com, if you have any suggestion. The success of the book was due to the active participation of the publisher. This is to record my appreciation for the support extended by Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing), Mr Venugopal (Bengaluru Branch) and the associates of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for readily conceding my request to publish the book in color and taking all pains to bring out the book to my utmost satisfaction.
Shivananda Nayak B
Acknowledgments
I sincerely thank all those who warmly received the first and second editions, and other titles such as Manipal Manual of Clinical Biochemistry and Handbook of Biochemistry published by M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi. It is my pleasure to thank Dr Ramdas M Pai, President and Chancellor, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India, for writing foreword to this title. I am indebted to Professor Samuel Ramsewak, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, for the message and his continuous support. Also, I thank each and every one who encouraged me to bring this third edition.
I am immensely grateful to Dr Geetha Samanth (DVS College of Arts and Science, Shivamogga), Dr (Mrs) Vinutha Bhat and Dr Krishnananda Prabhu (Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India) for contributing the following chapters—Cell, Biochemistry of Cancer and Radioisotopes in Medicine, respectively.
The success of this book was due to the active participation of the publisher. This is to record my appreciation for the support extended by Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Group President), Mr Tarun Duneja (Director-Publishing), Mr Venugopal Vishnumurthy [Associate Director-South (Sales & Marketing)], Bengaluru Production Unit/Bengaluru Branch and the associates of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for readily conceding my request to publish the book in color and taking all pains to bring this book to my utmost satisfaction.