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Manual of Practical Physiology and MCQs Book
Debasis Pramanik
SECTION 1: PRACTICAL
Human Physiology
MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE BY SPHYGMOMANOMETRY
INSTRUMENT
Some points to note while measuring blood pressure
PRINCIPLE
PROCEDURE
Palpatory method
Auscultatory method
DISCUSSION
APPLIED
EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON BP (SEE P. 291)
Auscultatory gap
AUSCULTATION OF HEART SOUNDS
Posture of the patient
Procedure
Observation
Inference
Discussion
PHYSIOLOGICAL SPLITTING OF THE SECOND HEART SOUND (S2)
MURMURS
APEX BEAT
Causes of abnormal locations of apex beat
Character of the apex beat
ARTERIAL PULSE
EXAMINATION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND AUSCULTATION OF BREATH SOUNDS
Inspection
Palpation of the chest
Percussion
Auscultation
Breath sounds
Vocal resonance
Added sounds
EXAMINATION OF THE CRANIAL NERVES
FIRST CRANIAL NERVE (OLFACTORY NERVE)
History related to olfactory nerve
Inspection
Tests
Method
SECOND CRANIAL NERVE (OPTIC NERVE)
Visual acuity
History
Inspection
Testing materials
Procedure
Applied
Field of vision
Definition
History
Inspection
Procedure: (Confrontation perimetry)
Applied
Color vision
3RD, 4TH AND 6TH NERVES
Anatomy
History
Inspection
Tests
TRIGEMINAL NERVE (FIFTH CRANIAL NERVE)
Anatomy
Tests
Sensory
Motor
Palpation
Reflexes
FACIAL NERVE
Secretomotor component
History
Inspection
Test
Sensory
History
Inspection
Test
Advice to the patient
Precaution
Motor
History
Inspection
Tests
Applied
EIGHTH OR VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE
History
Inspection
Test of the cochlear division
Watch test
Weber's test
Vestibular nerve test
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
Tests
Reflexes
VAGUS NERVE
History
Tests
ELEVENTH NERVE (SPINAL ACCESSORY)
Inspection
Tests
For trapezius
For sternomastoid
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
Inspection
Tests
REFLEXES
Reinforcement or Jendrassik's maneuver
DEEP REFLEXES
CAUSES OF ABNORMAL TENDON REFLEXES
SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES
SUPERFICIAL ABDOMINAL REFLEXES
ABSENT ABDOMINAL REFLEX
Due to physiological causes
Due to pathological causes
MUSCLE TONE AND POWER
Definition of muscle tone
Flexors of the elbow
Extensors of the elbow
Causes of hypertonia
Causes of hypotonia
POWER
Flexors of the elbow
Extensors of the elbow
Practical Hematology
IMPORTANT POINTS TO NOTE ABOUT HEMATOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS
Microscope
COLLECTION OF CAPILLARY BLOOD BY FINGER-PRICKING
DRAWING A BLOOD FILM AND STAINING
STAINING OF THE BLOOD FILM
DIFFERENTIAL COUNT
Hb ESTIMATION
TOTAL COUNT OF RBC
TOTAL WBC COUNT
ESR, BLOOD GROUP AND BT, CT
Amphibian Physiology
THE INSTRUMENT
The kymograph
External motor
Internal motor
The contact-block
Du Bois Reymond induction coil
The keys
Myograph board, myograph stand, isotonic muscle lever
Stimulating electrodes
Tuning fork
Signal marker
THE FOLLOWING POINTS SHOULD ALSO BE NOTED
SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
SIMPLE MUSCLE TWITCH [FIG. 1]
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON MUSCLE CONTRACTION [FIG. 2]
THE PHENOMENON OF FATIGUE [FIG. 3]
EFFECT OF TWO SUCCESSIVE STIMULI
TETANUS AND CLONUS
IMPORTANT POINTS TO NOTE ABOUT OTHER EXPERIMENTS ON SKELETAL MUSCLE
Explanation
Determination of nerve conduction velocity
EXPERIMENTS ON FROG'S HEART
Effect of temperature on frog's heart
Effects:
Effect of vagal stimulation:
Effect of nicotine and atropine on intact frog's heart:
Effect of ions and drugs in perfused isolated heart:
Instruments
BENEDICT-ROTH APPARATUS
Basal metabolic rate
Physiological conditions influencing BMR
Pathological conditions influencing BMR
Specific dynamic action of food
Respiratory Quotient
Calorific value of foodstuffs
Direct and indirect calorimetry
Calorific value of oxygen
Preparatory measures before determination of BMR by Benedict-Roth apparatus
APPARATUS
Difference between a Benedict-Roth apparatus and its Collins’ modification
PROCEDURE [FIG. 7]
CALCULATION
Importance of determination of BMR
DALE'S BATH EXPERIMENT
DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS [FIG. 8]
COMPOSITION OF TYRODE'S SOLUTION
PROCEDURE
DISCUSSION
Other questions
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF MAMMALIAN BP AND RESPIRATION
Introduction
Instruments, materials and chemicals required
Procedure
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME PARTS OF INSTRUMENTS [FIGS 9A to D]
Arterial cannula
Tracheal cannula
Mercury manometer
Two important points are to be noted
Marey's tambour
OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SOME DRUGS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
Measurement of BP from the curve
SPIROMETRY [FIG. 10]
SECTION 2: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQS)
General Physiology
Nerve Muscle Physiology
Hematology
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Digestive System
Excretory System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Nervous System
Special Sense
SECTION 3: ANSWERS OF MCQS AND HINTS
General Physiology
Nerve Muscle Physiology
Hematology
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Digestive System
Excretory System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Nervous System
Special Sense
INDEX
TOC
Index
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