Editors Amarnath Bhide MD FRCOG
Consultant in Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, 4th Floor, Lanesborough Wing, St George's, University of London, NHS Foundation Trust
London, UK
Hema Divakar MD FRCOG
Chief Consultant and Medical Director, Divakars Speciality Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Past President FOGSI, CEO, Asian Research and Training Institute for Skill Transfer
Sabaratnam Arulkumaran PhD DSc FRCS FRCOG
Emeritus Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St George's, University of London, NHS Foundation Trust
London, UK
President of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), Past President, British Medical Association (2013–2014) and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2007–2010)
Foreword Shirish N Daftary
Foreword
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Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology for Asia and Oceania
First Edition: 2016
ISBN: 978-93-5250-025-3
Printed at
5Contributors
- AB Bhatt MD MRCOG
- Bhatt Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Amarnath Bhide MD FRCOG
- Consultant in Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Fetal Medicine Unit
- 4th Floor, Lanesborough Wing
- St George's, University of London
- NHS Foundation Trust
- London, UK
- Ambarisha Bhandiwad MD
- Professor and Head
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- JSS Medical College
- Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Ameya C Purandare MD DNBE FCPS DGO DFP MNAMS MICOG
- Assistant Honorary Obstetrician and Gynecologist
- KJ Somaiya Medical College and Hospital
- Masina Hospital
- Naigaon Municipal Maternity Home
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Anand MD
- Consultant
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University and Hospital
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Angayarkanni DGO MD
- Consultant
- Unit Head
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Anjali Rani MD
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Theni Medical College
- Theni, Tamil Nadu
- India
- Anupa Nandi MRCOG
- Consultant
- Hillingdon Hospital
- NHS Trust
- Uxbridge, UK
- Anupama Bahadur DNB MNAMS
- Senior Research Associate Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Arati Gupte-Shah DGO MD
- Consultant and Fertility Specialist
- Nova IVI Fertility Clinic
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Arulmozhi Ramarajan MD
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Church of South India Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Basab Mukherjee MD
- Senior Consultant
- Columbia Asia Hospitals Pvt Ltd
- Consultant
- Calcutta Medical Research Institute
- Kolkata, West Bengal
- Beth Laverick MBSS
- Senior House Officer
- Barnet General Hospital
- Barnet, EN5 3DJ
- UK
- Bharti Bansal MD
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Nova IVI Fertility Clinic
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Bhaskar Pal MD DNB MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Bhavna Sharma MBBS MD MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University Hospital Lewisham
- London, UK
- Chandra Guha MBBS MRCOG
- Locum Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University Hospital Lewisham
- London, UK
- Chinmayee Patra MBBS
- Senior Resident
- Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Chris Spencer MD FRCOG
- Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist
- Broomfield Hospital
- Mid Essex Hospital Services
- NHS Trust, UK
- CV Kannaki Uthraraj MD DGO
- Consultant
- Department of Fertility and Reproductive Medicine
- Kovai Medical Center
- Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Debjyoti Karmarkar MD
- Senior Resident
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Deepika Deka MD FICOG
- Additional Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Dhiraj Uchil MBBS MD DNB MNAMS MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University Hospital Lewisham
- London, UK
- Edwin Chandraharan MBBS MS DFFP DCRM MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- St George's, University of London
- NHS Foundation Trust
- London, UK
- Gayatri Venkataraman MD
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Gupte Hospital
- Pune, Maharashtra
- India
- Geetha Balsarkar MD DGO FCPS DNB MRCOG
- Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Seth GS Medical College
- Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra
- Girija Wagh MD FICOG Diploma (Endoscopy)
- Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University and Hospital
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Joint Secretary of FOGSI 2010
- Hema Divakar MD FRCOG
- Chief Consultant and Medical Director
- Divakars Speciality Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Past President FOGSI
- CEO, Asian Research and Training Institute for Skill Transfer
- Himangi Sudhakar Warke MD DNB FCPS MICOG DGO DFP MRCOG (London)
- Lecturer
- Seth GS Medical College
- King Edward Memorial Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Hrishikesh Pai MD FCPS FICOG MSc (USA)
- Scientific Director
- The Babies and Us
- Fertility IVF and ICSI Centre
- Opera House
- The Advanced Fertility Centre
- Lilavati Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Jayaraman Nambiar MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Kasturba Medical College
- Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Jayita Chakrabarti MD DNB
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Columbia Asia Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal India
- JB Sharma MD FRCOG
- Associate Professor
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Jilly Lloyd MRCOG
- Consultant, Obstetrician and Gynecologist
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
- London, UK
- Jo Bailey FRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- St Michael's Hospital
- Bristol, UK
- Kaizad R Damania MD DNB DGO DFP FCPS
- Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Seth GS Medical College and Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Kamaljeet Dogra MBBS
- Third Year Resident
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Baroda Medical College
- Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Karolina Afors MBBS MRCOG
- Specialist Registrar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- St George's, University of London
- NHS Foundation Trust
- London, UK
- Kartikeya Bhagat MD DNB DGO DFP FCPS
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Bhagat Maternity Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Krishnendu Gupta MD
- Professor and Unit Head
- Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences
- Madhuri G Dwivedi DGO FCPS DNB
- Research Officer
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Madhuri Patil MD FCPS DGO DFP FICOG (Bom)
- Consultant Infertility Specialist
- Reproductive Endocrinologist and Endoscopic Surgeon
- Scientific Director
- Dr Patil's Fertility Center
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Mahantesh Karoshi MD MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrician and Gynecologist
- Barnet General Hospital
- Enfield, UK
- Mahishee Mehta MBBS MD DFFP MRCOG
- Specialist Registrar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University Hospital Lewisham
- London, UK
- Mandakini Parihar MD
- Consultant
- Nova Specialty Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Mandeep Singh MD FRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Fetal Medicine Foundation
- London, UK
- Michael Egbor PhD MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- St Helier Hospital NHS Trust
- Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, SM5 1AA
- UK
- Milind Patil MS
- Consultant Surgeon and Andrologist
- Dr Patil's Fertility and Endoscopy Clinic
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Mirudhubashini Govindarajan FRCS
- Clinical Director
- Women's Center
- Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Muralidhar V Pai MD
- Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Kasturba Medical College
- Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Nandita Maitra MD MRCOG FICMCH
- Associate Professor and Unit Head
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Baroda Medical College
- Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Nandita Palshetkar MD FCPS FICOG
- Head
- IVF Group of Bloom Fertility Centre
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Nasrin Aziz FRCPCH
- Consultant
- Department of Neonatology
- St George's, University of London
- NHS Foundation Trust
- London, UK
- Neelani Nackeeran MRCOG
- Teaching Fellow
- St Helier Hospital NHS Trust
- London, UK
- Nicola Lack MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University College Hospital
- London, UK
- Nikhil Damodar Datar MD DNB FCPS FICOG LLB DGO DHA
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Dr Balabhai Nanavati Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Assistant Honorary Gynecologist
- Dr RN Cooper Hospital
- Nirmala Vaze MD
- Consultant and Unit Head
- Nagpur Medical College
- Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
- Nozer Sheriar MD DNBE FICOG DGO
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Breach Candy Hospital
- PD Hinduja National Hospital
- Holy Family Hospital
- Masina Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Pallavi VR MD
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- P Chitra MBBS Diploma in Maternal and Child Health Fellowship in Fetal Medicine
- Specialist
- Department of Fetal Medicine
- Fortis Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Parikshit Tank MD DNBE FCPS DGO DFP MNAMS MICOG MRCOG
- Honorary Clinical Associate
- Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital
- Center for Endoscopy and IVF Ashwini Maternity and Surgical Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Prashanthi Katta MD MRCP
- Specialty Trainee
- Department of Pediatrics
- Severn Deanery
- Bristol, UK
- Prerna Gupta MD DNB
- Senior Resident
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Rachna Bhagat MD DNB DGO DFP FCPS
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Bhagat Maternity Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra
- India
- Rajeshwari K MRCOG
- Clinical Fellow
- St George's, University of London
- NHS Foundation Trust
- London, UK
- Rajib Majumder MBBS MS
- Senior Registrar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Bhatia Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra
- India
- Reena J Wani MD MRCOG FICOG DNBE DFP DGO FCPS
- Additional Professor
- I/C Family Welfare Program
- Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Renate Wendler FRCP
- Consultant
- Department of Anesthesia
- St George's, University of London
- NHS Foundation Trust
- London
- UK
- Revathy Janakiram MD
- Director
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Vice President elect FOGSI 2016
- Rishma Dhillon Pai MD
- Consultant
- Department of Gynecology
- Jaslok and Lilavati Hospitals
- Mumbai, Maharashtra,
- Ritu Joshi MD FICOG
- Head
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Monilek Hospital and Research Center
- Consultant
- Fortis Escorts Hospital
- Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Ritu Rana MRCOG
- Clinical Fellow
- Fetal Assessment Unit
- St George's, University of London
- NHS Foundation Trust
- London, UK
- Rohan D'Souza MD MRCOG FCPS DNB DGO DFP
- Consultant
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine
- Mount Sinai Hospital
- Toronto, Canada
- Roopa Bangari MBBS DGO
- Specialty Doctor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University Hospital Lewisham
- London, UK
- Roopa S MD
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Rumana Rahman MBBS
- Foundation Trainee
- Queen Elizabeth Queen Mother Hospital
- East Kent University Hospitals
- NHS Foundation Trust
- Margate, UK
- Sabaratnam Arulkumaran PhD DSc FRCS FRCOG
- Emeritus Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- St George's, University of London
- NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- President of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)
- Past President, British Medical Association (2013–2014) and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2007–2010)
- Saloni Prajapati MBBS
- Second Year Resident
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Baroda Medical College
- Vadodara, Gujarat
- India
- Sangeeta Gupta MD MRCOG
- Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Lady Hardinge Medical College
- New Delhi
- India
- Sanjay Gupte MD
- Consultant
- Gupte Hospital
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Past President FOGSI
- Sarita Bhalerao MD DNB MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Bhatia, Saifee and Wadia
- Maternity Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra,
- Seetha Ramamurthy MBBS DGO MD MRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Sheila Balakrishnan MD DNB
- Associate Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Government Medical College
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala,
- India
- Shilpi Rathore MBBS
- Senior Resident
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Shirish N Daftary MD FIC FICOG
- Emeritus Professor
- Former Dean and Medical Advisor
- Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Past President, Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI)
- Shobha N Gudi MD
- Consultant
- Malathi Manipal Hospital
- Jayanagar
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Shona Nag MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University and Hospital
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Shreelaxmi K MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Kasturba Medical College
- Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Smita Kokare DNB
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University and Hospital
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Susheela Rani BS MBBS MD
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Manjushree Speciality Hospital Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Suvarna Khadilkar MD DGO FICOG
- Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Grant Medical College
- Cama and Albless Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Uday Thanawala MD FCPS DNB DGO DFP
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Thanawala Maternity Home
- Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Vice President
- Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI), 2015
- UD Bafna MD
- Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology
- Ujjwal Bansal MD
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Kasturba Medical College
- Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Vandana Bansal MRCOG MD DGO DNB FNB
- Associate Professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Seth GS Medical College
- Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Vidya V Bhat MD DNB
- Consultant and IVF Specialist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Radha Krishna Multispeciality Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Vikram Maiya MD
- Consultant
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Hospital
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Vikram Talaulikar MD MRCOG
- Clinical Research Fellow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University College Hospital
- London, UK
- Vinita Salvi MD DNB FCPS DGO DFP
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Seven Hills Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Vivek Nama MD FRCOG
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka
- India
- Wiece Koniman MBChB MRCOG
- Senior Registrar
- Homerton University Hospital
- NHS Foundation Trust
- London
- UK
- Yatin Thakur MS
- Consultant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Bharati Vidyapeeth University and Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka
I am grateful to Amarnath Bhide, Hema Divakar and Sabaratnam Arulkumaran—eminent editors of Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology for Asia and Oceania for inviting me to write the foreword for this valuable publication.
The book reflects the current accepted practices in this field of medical specialty. Many experts have contributed to its contents. A special effort has been made to take into consideration, local factors prevailing in our country to emphasize their relevance in management recommendations.
The entire text has been subdivided into smaller topics to facilitate the practitioners in accessing their areas of interest or concern easily, and to keep their knowledge updated.
The use of illustrations, charts and tables have been of great help in assimilating the changing trends in management practices.
The book is an excellent source for ready reference for the busy practitioners, a source of quick revision and update for the postgraduate students, and the references quoted—will prove a source of great help for research workers.
I recommend the book to all practitioners of obstetrics and gynecology, and to all institutions concerned with women's health to ensure its availability for ready reference by staff members.
I am certain that the handbook will play a significant role in improving women's healthcare outcomes in our country.
Shirish N Daftary MD FIC FICOG
Emeritus Professor
Former Dean and Medical Advisor
Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Past President
Preface
The purpose of Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology for Asia and Oceania is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based, and easy-to-use information about common problems seen in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. This is not a reference book. Readers interested in detailed description of theoretical bases, pathophysiology of the disease and laboratory or clinical experiments should look elsewhere. Every attempt has been made to provide advise that is evidence-based. However, new evidence is emerging constantly, and readers should keep this in mind.
It is especially true in medicine that learning is lifelong. Readers, who chose to ignore keeping up with the developments in modern medicine, do this at their own (and their patients’) peril. The book should be useful to all those learning about obstetrics and gynecology as well as those practicing in the field for several years. In short, there is something here for everyone. We thank all the contributors for their hard and meticulous work, as well as our demands on their time. We thank the publishers for their patience and cooperation. We hope that our readers like this as much as we did in the process of putting the book together.
Amarnath Bhide
Hema Divakar
Acknowledgments
We express our thanks to:
- Our families who have given up part of their share of our time.
- All contributing authors who have worked tirelessly to produce excellent material.