Practicals in Microbiology Manideepa SenGupta, Mallika Sengupta
INDEX
A
Abnormal constituents of stool 149
Acid-fast organisms 51
Agar agar 25
Albert's staining
components 53
procedure 53
Ancylostoma duodenale 171
Antibiotic susceptibility testing
methods 63
Antigen-antibody reactions
agglutination 111
complement fixation test 111
enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) 111
immunofluorescent assay 111
neutralization test 111
precipitation 111
radioimmunoassay 111
Antisepsis 7
Ascaris lumbricoides 157, 167
fertilized egg 157
unfertilized egg 157
Aspergillus
flavus 139
fumigatus 139
niger 139
tereus 139
B
Bacillus
anthracis 81
subtilis 81
Biochemical reactions
catalase test 83
citrate utilization test 87
fermentation of sugars 89
indole production test 85
methyl red test 85
nitrate reduction test 89
oxidase test 83
phenylalanine deaminase test 87
urease test 87
Voges Proskauer test 85
Blood agar
composition 29
sterilization 29
types of media 29
uses 29
Blood culture bottle
uses 39
Bowie Dick tape 11
Browne's tube 11
C
Candida albicans 135
Chemical agents
alcohols 19
aldehydes 19
dyes 19
ethylene oxide 21
halogens 19
metallic salt 21
oxidizing agents 21
phenol 19
surface acting agents 21
Chocolate agar
composition 31
sterilization 31
types of media 31
uses 31
Classification of media 23
anaerobic 25
basal 23
differential 23
enriched 23
indicator 25
selective 23
transport 25
Coagulase negative staphylococcus 75
Coagulase test
slide
observation 71
procedure 71
tube
observation 73
procedure 73
Collection of stool 147
Concentration methods of stool 151
Coverslip 149
Craigie's tube 59
method 61
Cryptococcus neoformans 135
Culture media 23
Culture methods
aerobic 41
anaerobic
candle jar 43
gaspak 43
McIntosh and Filde's jar 43
Cysticercus 165
D
Dermatophytes 137
Diarrheagenic E. coli 91
Dimorphic fungus 143
Disinfection 7
Dorset's egg media
composition 37
sterilization 37
types of media 37
use 37
Dracunculus medinensis 171
E
Ectocyst 167
Egg of 159
Enterobius vermicularis 161
hookworm 159
Hymenolepis diminuta 163
Hymenolepis nana 163
Taenia sp. 159
Trichuris trichiura 161
Endocyst 167
Enterobius vermicularis 169
Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) 125
observation 127
procedure of indirect 125
types of 125
Epidermophyton 137
Escherichia coli
biochemical reactions 91
other tests 91
F
Fasciola hepatica 173
Fasciolopsis buski 173
Formol ether sedimentation technique
procedure 151
G
Good laboratory practice 179
Gram staining 45, 69
components 47
of bacteria 45
precautions 47
procedure 47
Greig's test 107
H
Hanging drop preparation 59
Helminth ova 157
Hippurate hydrolysis 77
Histoplasma capsulatum 143
Hydatid cyst 167
I
Iodine preparation 149
K
Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method
materials required 63
observation 65
procedure 63
Klebsiella sp.
biochemical reactions 93
diseases caused 93
other tests 93
KOH preparation 131
L
Lactophenol cotton blue stain
composition 133
Latex agglutination test 113, 115
for ASO titer
materials required 113
observation 113
procedure 113
for RA factor
materials required 115
observation 115
procedure 115
Leishman staining 175
Leishmania donovani amastigotes 177
Loeffler's serum slope
composition 35
sterilization 35
types of media 35
use 35
Lowenstein Jensen media
composition 35
sterilization 35
types of media 35
uses 35
Lugol's iodine solution 149
M
MacConkey agar 31, 91
composition 31
sterilization 31
types of media 31
uses 31
MacFarland's standard 65
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus 69
Microfilaria 177
Microscope 3
types of
dark ground 5
electron 5
fluorescence 5
light microscope 5
phase contrast 5
Microscopic examination of fungus 131
Microsporum 137
Morphology of
adult worms 165
bacteria 55
Bacillus subtilis 57
Clostridium tetani 57
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 57
Enterococcus faecalis 55
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 57
Neisseria meningitidis 55
Staphylococcus aureus 55
Streptococcus pneumoniae 55
Streptococcus pyogenes 55
Treponema pallidum 57
Vibrio cholerae 57
Motile bacteria 61
Mucor 141
N
Necator americanus 171
Neisser's stain 53
Nonmotile bacteria 61
Normal constituents of stool 147
Nutrient agar
composition 29
sterilization 29
types of media 29
uses 29
Nutrient broth 27
composition 27, 29
sterilization 27
types of media 27
uses 27
P
Parasites in blood and bone marrow smear 175
Parts of a compound microscope
condenser 3
eyepiece 3
focusing adjustment 3
iris diaphragm 3
mechanical stage 3
mechanical tube 3
mirror 3
nosepiece 3
objective 3
substage 3
Peptone water
composition 27
sterilization 27
uses 27
Pericyst 167
P. falciparum 175
P. vivax 175
Ponder's stain 53
Processing of stool 147
Prosthesis infections 75
Proteus mirabilis
biochemical reactions 95
diseases caused 95
other tests 95
Proteus vulgaris
biochemical reactions 97
diseases caused 97
other tests 97
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
diseases caused 105
other tests 105
R
RNTCP grading of tuberculosis smears 51
Robertson's cooked meat broth
composition 37
sterilization 37
uses 37
S
Saline preparation 149
Salmonella paratyphi A 101
Salmonella typhi
biochemical reactions 99
diseases caused 99
other tests 99
Salton's hypothesis 45
Saturated common salt floatation technique
procedure 151
Semisolid agar 61
Shigella sp.
other tests 103
Smear making 45
Soluble hemolysin test 79
Staphylococcus aureus 69
Sterile
cotton swab 37
plastic container 39
Sterilization 7
chemical agents 9
dry heat
flaming 11
heat to red heat 11
hot air oven 11
incineration 11
moist heat 13
autoclave 15
boiling 13
filtration 17
inspissation 13
pasteurization 13
steaming 13
tyndallization 13
water bath 13
physical agents 7
Streptococcus pyogenes 77
Streptolysin O 77
Stuart's media 25
Sugar fermentation media
composition 33
sterilization 33
types of media 33
use 33
Swarming 61
T
Taenia sp. 165
Tests for bacterial motility 59
Thermocouples 11
Thioglycallate broth 43
Thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar
composition 33
sterilization 33
types of media 33
use 33
Trichophyton 137
Trichuris trichiura 169
Trophozoites and cysts in stool
Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli cyst 153
Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite 153
Giardia lamblia trophozoite and cyst 155
Types of motility 61
U
Urinary tract infection 75
U tube method 61
V
VDRL test
for syphilis
advantages 117
disadvantages 119
materials required 117
observation 117
procedure 117
Vibrio cholerae
other tests 107
VP test 77
W
Wet preparation
iodine 149
saline 149
Widal test for enteric fever 121
interpretation 123
observation 121
procedure 121
Y
Yeast and yeast-like organisms 135
Z
Ziehl Neelsen staining 49
modifications of 51
precautions 49
procedure 49
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear


1Practicals in Microbiology2
3Practicals in Microbiology
Manideepa SenGupta MBBS MD (UCM-IPGMER) Professor and Head Department of Microbiology Medical College, Kolkata Kolkata, West Bengal, India Mallika Sengupta MBBS MD (CMC, Vellore) Consultant Microbiologist Desun Hospital and Heart Institute Kolkata, West Bengal, India
4
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
Headquarters
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj
New Delhi 110 002, India
Phone: +91-11-43574357
Fax: +91-11-43574314
Overseas Offices
J.P. Medical Ltd
83 Victoria Street, London
SW1H 0HW (UK)
Phone: +44-2031708910
Fax: +44 (0)20 3008 6180
Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc.
City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton
Panama City, Panama
Phone: +1 507-301-0496
Fax: +1 507-301-0499
Jaypee Medical Inc
325 Chestnut Street
Suite 412, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
Phone: +1 267-519-9789
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
17/1-B Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali
Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207
Bangladesh
Mobile: +08801912003485
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal
Phone: +977-9741283608
© 2016, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers.
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Practicals in Microbiology
First Edition: 2016
9789352501335
Printed at
5Preface
Up to the early nineties, microbiology was integrated with pathology and a common practical notebook was used. There were dedicated tutors/demonstrators who taught the subject for years together, discussed among themselves and brought an uniformity.
Microbiology is now a separate subject gaining importance everyday. These days, with frequent promotions and frequent transfers, there has been a lack of uniformity among the laboratory notebooks in different colleges.
This book has, therefore, been written in an attempt to bring uniformity and standardization in laboratory and practical notebook among various medical colleges in India.
Manideepa SenGupta
Mallika Sengupta
6Acknowledgments
At the onset, I would like to thank the Lord Almighty, for His blessings that enabled me to complete this book.
Then, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers, who have taught me and helped me develop my love for microbiology.
Next, I would like to acknowledge my senior colleagues, who have been my constant source of advice and guidance since my postgraduate days.
After that, I would like to thank my friends and colleagues, who form the huge faculty of microbiology in all the Medical Colleges at West Bengal, for their love and support.
I am also grateful to the staff and students of the different medical colleges where I have spent a part of my teaching career.
I acknowledge with fond remembrance all my doctor friends, who are now experts in various fields of medicine.
On behalf of my daughter, Dr Mallika Sengupta, I would like to thank all the teachers, students and staff of Midnapore Medical College, West Bengal and Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu.
I am grateful to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Group President) and Mr Tarun Duneja (Director–Publishing) of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for publishing this book. I also would like to acknowledge all the staff of Jaypee Brothers (Kolkata), for giving shape to this book.
Last but not least, I would like to express my deepest gratitude towards my family specially my husband, Sri Partha Sarathi Sengupta, son-in-law Dr Anirban Dasgupta and younger daughter Ms Pallabi Sengupta, for their constant encouragement, patience and love.
7
Name ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
College Roll No. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................
University Registration No. ....................................................................................................................................................................
University Roll No. .....................................................................................................................................................................................
Complete
Complete
Examined
8
Serial No
Page No
Topic
Signature and Remarks