Second Edition
Editors
Dwarkadas K Baheti MD
Consultant Anesthesiologist and Pain Physician Bombay, Lilavati, Shushrusha, and Raheja Hospitals
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Sanjay Bakshi MD MBA
Director-at-large American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians
New York, United States
Sanjeeva Gupta MBBS MD Dip NB FRCA FIPP FFPMRCA
Consultant Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Bradford, United Kingdom
Raghbir Singh P Gehdoo MD DA
Professor Department of Anesthesia Tata Memorial Hospital
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Interventional Pain Management: A Practical Approach
First Edition: 2009
Second Edition: Digital Version 2017
9789352501663
fm5Dedicated to
Chronic Pain Patients
EDITORS
- Dwarkadas K Baheti MD
- Consultant Anesthesiologist and Pain Physician
- Bombay, Lilavati, Shushrusha, and Raheja Hospitals
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Sanjay Bakshi MD MBA
- Director-at-large, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians
- New York, United States
- Sanjeeva Gupta MBBS MD Dip NB FRCA FIPP FFPMRCA
- Consultant, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Bradford, United Kingdom
- Raghbir Singh P Gehdoo MD DA
- Professor, Department of Anesthesia
- Tata Memorial Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Gerard W Abrahamsen PA-C
- Physician Assistant
- Manhattan Spine and Pain
- New York, United States
- Arthur Atchabahian MD
- Professor, Department of Anesthesiology
- New York University School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Steve M Aydin DO
- Clinical Assistant Professor
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Shyam Balasubramanian MBBS MD MSc FRCA FFPMRCA
- Consultant, Department of Pain Medicine and Anesthesia
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
- Coventry, United Kingdom
- Vijay B Bandikatla MBBS DA FRCA MBA FFPMRCA
- Consultant
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
- Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- Kevin K Bernard MD
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Sarath Bethapudi MBBS MRCP FRCR
- Consultant, Department of Radiology
- University Hospital of North Durham
- Durham, United Kingdom
- Amit Bharath MA BMBCh PG Cert FRCR
- Specialist Registrar
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals
- Leeds General Infirmary
- Dhruv Bibra MBBS DA DNB
- Senior Consultant
- Delhi Pain Management Centre
- New Delhi, India
- Christopher V Boudakian DO
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Gaurav Chanana MBBS DNB FPM
- Consultant
- Department of Pain Management
- Delhi Pain Management Centre
- New Delhi, India
- George C Chang Chien DO
- Medical Director
- Department of Pain Management
- Ventura County Medical Center
- California,United States
- Jianguo Cheng MD PhD
- Professor and Director
- Department of Pain Management
- Cleveland Clinic
- Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Nayeema Chowdhury DO
- Resident Physician
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- New York University School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Gautam Das MD
- Director of Pain Clinic
- Daradia: The Pain Clinic
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Samyadev Datta MBBS MD FRCA
- Director, Center for Pain Management
- New Jersey, United States
- Girish Datar MBBS D Ortho MS Ortho
- Consultant
- Endoscopic Spine Surgery and Interventional Spine and Pain Management
- Sushruta Hospital for Orthopedics and Traumatology
- Miraj, Maharashtra, India
- Gerard DeGregoris III MD
- Clinical Assistant Professor
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Richard Derby MD FIPP
- Medical Director
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Spinal Diagnostics and Treatment Center
- California, United States
- Sudhir Diwan MD
- Director
- Division of Pain Medicine
- Director
- Pain Medicine Fellowship Program
- New York Presbyterian Hospital
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University
- New York, United States
- Lisa V Doan MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Anesthesiology
- New York University School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Kritika M Doshi MD DA FIPP ISSP-Pain Fellowship
- Consultant in Charge Pain Clinic
- Jupiter hospital and Bethany Hospital
- Thane, Maharashtra, India
- Preeti P Doshi MD FRCA FIPP
- Consultant
- In-charge of Pain Clinic
- Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre
- Wockhardt Hospital, Bhatia Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- GP Dureja MBBS MD
- Director
- Delhi Pain Management Centre
- New Delhi, India
- Jason D Freeman DO
- Resident Physician
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- New York University School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Pratik J Gandhi DO
- Resident
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Kingsuk Ganguly MD
- Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Evan C Grant MD
- Resident
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Harun Gupta MBBS MD DNB MRCP FRCR
- Consultant
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals
- Leeds General Infirmary
- United Kingdom
- Madouna G Hanna DO
- Resident
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Corey Hunter MD
- CEO, Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management
- New York, United States
- Shoji Ishigami MD PhD
- Resident
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Jitendra Jain MD DNB
- Consultant
- Department of Pain Medicine
- Lilavati Hospital
- Subhash Jain MD FIPP
- Senior Attending Physician
- Beth Israel Hospital
- Medical Director
- Institute for Pain and Palliative Care
- New York, United States
- Jan Willem Kallewaard MD FIPP
- Consultant
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
- Rijnstate Hospital
- Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Shruti G Kapoor MD MPH
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Stony Brook University
- New York, United States
- Kailash Kothari MD
- Interventional Pain Consultant
- Director, Pain Clinic of India Pvt. Ltd.
- Honorary Pain Consultant
- KEM Hospital
- Fortis, Global, and Apollo Spectra Hospitals
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Rishi Khanna MBChB FRCA FFPMRCA
- Consultant
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Bradford, United Kingdom
- Makarand M Kulkarni MD
- Senior Consultant, Department of MRI
- Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Kyriacos Kyriakides BSc MBChB FRCA FFPMRCA
- Consultant in Pain Management and Anesthesia, Department of Pain Management and Bradford Royal Infirmary
- Bradford, United Kingdom
- Hans J Latta MD
- Professor and Head
- Orthopedic Pain Management Center
- Bayreuth, Germany
- Eric Lee MD MA
- Director of Musculoskeletal Care
- Chief Operations Officer
- Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management
- Lenox Hill Hospital, North Shore LIJ
- New York, United States
- Jeong-Eun Lee PT
- Research Analyst
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Spinal Diagnostics and Treatment Center
- California, United States
- Thomas P Lione DO
- Resident Physician
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Laxmaiah Manchikanti MD
- Clinical Director
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
- University of Louisville
- Medical Director
- Pain Management Center of Paducah
- Kentucky, United States
- Khushnuma Mansukhani MBBS
- Head
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology
- Bombay Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Neel Mehta MD
- Medical Director
- Division of Pain Medicine
- Fellowship Director
- Pain Medicine Fellowship
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- New York, United States
- Irina Melnik MD
- Staff Physician
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Spinal Diagnostics and Treatment Center
- California, United States
- Mona Mirchandani DO
- Resident Physician
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Alex Moroz MD
- Resident Physician
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Yashwant L Nankar MD
- Director
- Department of Pain Management
- Niramaya Hospital Pvt Ltd
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Suresh Narayanan MBBS DA FCAI
- Registrar
- Department of Pain Medicine and Anesthesia
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Newcastle, United Kingdom
- Kristina Natan MD
- Department of Anesthesiology
- New York University Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Annu H Navani MD
- Medical Director
- Comprehensive Spine and Sports Center
- Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor
- Stanford University School of Medicine
- California, United States
- Beatriz Nistal-Nuño MD
- Anesthesiologist, Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Anesthesiology
- The John Radcliffe Hospital
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
- Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
- Omobonike O Olowosuko DO
- Resident Physician, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine
- Edward Papa DO
- Resident
- Department of Physical Medicine and
- Rehabilitation
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of
- Medicine
- New York, United States
- Jacob R Peacock MD
- Resident, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Sushama R Phanse MD
- Consultant, Sushama Phanse's Pain Clinic
- HJ Doshi Hindu Sabha Hospital
- Asian Institute of Oncology
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Mohammed Piracha MD
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
- New York, United States
- Megha Pruthi MBBS MD DNB
- Classified Specialist
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Artemis Hospital
- Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- Gabor B Racz MD
- Professor and Chairman Emeritus
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
- Texas, United States
- Emilia Ravski DO
- Sports Medicine Fellow
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Jonathan Richardson MD FRCA FRCP FIPP
- Consultant, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Bradford, United Kingdom
- Rajiv Shah MD
- Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Samir N Shah MD
- Resident, Department of Anesthesiology
- Stony Brook Medicine
- New York, United States
- Anil K Sharma MD DABPM
- President, Spine and Pain Centers
- Director of Pain Management
- Monmouth Medical Center
- New Jersey, United States
- Beamy S Sharma MD MBA
- Resident Physician
- Department of Anesthesiology
- NYU Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Manohar L Sharma MBBS MD FRCA FFPMRCA MSc
- Clinical Director
- Department of Pain Medicine
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust
- United Kingdom
- Vince Z Si MD
- Resident Physician, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- New York University School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Sadiah Siddiqui MD
- Fellow, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
- Weill Cornell School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Harpreet Singh MBBS MD
- Fellow, Department of Pain Management
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation
- Ohio, United States
- Jacek A Sobocinski MD FRCA
- Consultant
- Craigavon Area Hospital
- Queen's University Teaching Hospital
- Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- James Taylor BSc MBChB MRCS FRCA FFPMRCA
- Consultant
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Bradford, United Kingdom
- Kevin H Trinh MD
- Chief Resident
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine
- New York, United States
- Dellene E Troy DO
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
- Sanjay Varma MBBS FRCA FFPMRCA
- Consultant
- Department of Anesthesia
- Sunderland Royal Hospital
- Sunderland, United Kingdom
- Bruce M Vrooman MD FIPP
- Staff Physician
- Department of Pain Management
- Cleveland Clinic
- Ohio, United States
- Julia M Webb MD
- Resident
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University Langone Medical Center
- New York, United States
The subject of intervention for various painful conditions has been given sufficient attention in the last two decades. A large percentage of specialties of medicine have professed various treatment modalities in which they are familiar with.
A surgeon will offer some surgical intervention for intractable pain, while a psychologist might recommend psychological intervention, or pharmacotherapy might be the main support for a neurologist or internist. Even on the bias of physicians or leaders of various pain organizations that do not recommend the interventional therapy, early interventional therapy was reported with multiple complications for achieving long term benefits from these therapies. Even the World Health Organization (WHO) presented and recommended biased steps for treatment of pain.
The pain management field has made great stride in assessment of pain, diagnosis and specific therapy for various kinds of pain syndromes or conditions. During the last 35 years, I have had the pleasure and the opportunity of teaching exclusively in this field and witnessing the development in the field of pain management. During these years, the development of various techniques, modalities and support from radiological equipments such as X-rays, sonographic imaging, and CT-guided imaging has improved the various techniques both in accuracy in the placement of needles and the outcome of procedures.
The development of various techniques such as spinal cord stimulation, implantable devices, and nerve ablation has improved the overall quality of life of our patients. In both, developed and underdeveloped countries these techniques have provided an immense improvement in the quality of treatment for patients. These techniques have been immensely helpful in underdeveloped nations where various pharmacological therapies are unavailable.
This book is edited by Dr Baheti, Dr Bakshi, Dr Gupta, and Dr Gehdoo, is an extensive well balanced text which fulfills an important need in this rapidly changing field. The various authors who have contributed their chapters are well known players in the field of pain management. These book chapters represent various tools to help various conditions of pain with the most recent developments. The book will be very insightful for readers and it will enhance their knowledge in providing safe treatment options to their patients.
Subhash Jain MD
Medical Director, Institute of Pain and Palliative Care
Attending Physician and Consultant
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York, USA
fm13Preface to the Second Edition
The editorial team feels privileged to come out with the second edition of our first ever book on “Interventional Pain Management: A Practical Approach.” We express our heartfelt gratitude to our readers for the stupendous response to that book which gave us much needed courage and responsibility to bring out the second edition.
Interventional pain treatment procedures have become an integral part of a multimodal approach to provide relief of chronic pain. Interventional pain treatment procedures must be performed correctly to have maximum pain relief with minimum morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in the understanding of imaging such as fluoroscopy, ultrasound and CT scan, has become a great asset in performing interventional pain treatment procedures more accurately.
Many pain physicians are enthusiastic to learn the art of interventional techniques for managing pain, but do not have access to appropriate reference books. The availability and cost of the books add to further constraints.
We, the practicing pain physicians, have recognized the problem and realize the need for a book on Interventional Pain Management techniques, which can be both comprehensive and affordable. Our first book filled this void partly.
This book fulfills all the needs of present day pain physicians as it has a stepwise description of most of the interventional pain treatment procedures. The images of the book are self-explanatory which will hopefully make performing these procedures relatively easy. The editors are confident that the second edition will fill the void at all levels from post graduate to university libraries all over.
It is our sincere attempt to come out with this second edition by adding many procedures.
We express our heartfelt gratitude to all the contributors, without whose support this herculean task would have been impossible.
We have taken utmost care to bring out this book of international standards, at an affordable price. We sincerely hope that our efforts to come out with this book will benefit the pain physicians as well as the chronic pain patients.
Dwarkadas K Baheti
Sanjay Bakshi
Sanjeeva Gupta
fm15Preface to the First Edition
Interventional pain management is one of the most important components of managing chronic intractable pain. It is mandatory that interventional procedures need to be performed correctly right from the time of diagnosis to the relief of pain, so as to provide the best possible results.
Many universities in India as well as abroad do not have appropriate pain training program in their curriculum not only at the undergraduate but, also at postgraduate levels. There are very few pain certification programs or pain specialists or pain training facilities across the world.
Even in the countries where such programs exist, there are significant inadequacies and lacunae in teaching of the techniques. Although there are courses run by various organizations, they only incorporate a few common techniques and hence can never be comprehensive.
Many pain physicians are enthusiastic to learn the art of interventional techniques for managing pain, but do not have an access to appropriate reference books. The availability and cost of the books add to further constraints.
We, the practicing pain physicians, have recognized the problem and realized the need for a book on Interventional Pain Management techniques, which can be both comprehensive and affordable.
It is our sincere attempt to come out with a book on interventional pain procedures due to existing vacuum in this field.
We express our heartfelt gratitude to all the contributors, without whose support this Herculean task would have been impossible.
We have taken utmost care to bring out this book with an international quality at an affordable price.
We sincerely hope that our efforts to come out with this book will benefit the pain physicians as well as the chronic pain patients.
Dwarkadas K Baheti
Sanjay Bakshi
Sanjeeva Gupta