USMLE Step 2 CK Platinum Notes: The Complete Preparatory Guide Ashfaq UI Hassan
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fm1USMLE STEP 2 CK PLATINUM NOTES: The Complete Preparatory Guide
Second Edition
Ashfaq UI Hassan MBBS MS Consultant Anatomy SKIMS Medical College Bemina, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
fm2
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USMLE Step 2 CK Platinum Notes
First Edition: 2013
Second Edition: 2016
9789352501724
Printed at
fm3Contributors
Ashfaq UI Hassan
MBBS MS
Consultant–Anatomy
SKIMS Medical College
Bemina, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Prof. Showkat A Zargar
MD DM (Gastroenterology)
Director and Principal
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS)
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Prof. Naseer Mir
MS (Orthopedics)
Professor and Head – Orthopedics
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS)
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Dr Sheikh Manzoor Ahamed
MD (Dermatology)
Associate Professor and Head–Dermatology
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS)
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
fm5Preface to the Second Edition
I am extremely obliged to the Almighty Allah and no words would be enough to express my thanks to his holiness for guiding me.
This book USMLE Step 2 CK Platinum Notes consists of complete revision material for the preparation of the USMLE examinations with important latest questions asked in these examinations and most of the students do not fare well with these questions, thus significantly lowering their scores.
The book is for complete revision with special focus on the most common and most important cases asked. It covers special and important topics which are most frequently asked by the examiners.
The prime focus for the students to go through the most important points and recapitulating these at the end is important for any examination and special focus for the same has been given for their benefit.
Like the other series of books for the USMLE examinations being authored by me, which have had a tremendous success, I hope this effort of mine again would be helpful for the students throughout the world in their pursuit of academic excellence along with the important fact of getting a very good score in the examinations.
I hope the book proves to be useful for our students to the fullest.
I would encourage any aspiring student to join me for his/her contribution.
Ashfaq Ul Hassan
ashhassan@rediffmail.com
fm7Preface to the First Edition
It gives me a great pleasure to introduce Platinum Notes for USMLE Step 1 and Step 2.
A need was felt by most of the students for a comprehensive book for USMLE for preparing extensively and simultaneously getting a very good score.
My efforts are directed to benefit the students to the maximum.
For a student preparing, revising, forgetting and consulting different books is a part of the game. In this journey some students tend to get nervous and anxious and I thought of putting all my best efforts into one book which would make the preparation simpler, interesting, more lucid and palatable.
High yield points, important topics, clinical correlations, in-depth focus on subjects, easy retention and quick revision are the points on which I have focused taking into account the latest trends of the examinations.
The matter in the book is highly concentrated, needs multiple revisions and deep concentration for retention.
The book has been framed to simulate the study pattern of USMLE examinations to its best.
The questions in the text and after every subject are almost similar to the questions put in the actual USMLE examination which gives a student a good chance to understand the standard of USMLE as well as to prepare for the examinations in a better way.
I feel that the students would be benefitted through my effort and a feedback from the students would be highly appreciated at ashhassan@rediffmail.com
I wish you good luck for your academic pursuits.
Ashfaq Ul Hassan
ashhassan@rediffmail.com
fm9Acknowledgments
No words would be enough to express my regards to Prof. Showkat A Zargar, Director, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India for his constant encouragement.
I am also thankful to my father Prof. Ghulam Hassan for his constant encouragement in all my academic pursuits and guiding me throughout the process of the completion of this book.
I convey my sincere thanks to Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India for their efforts and suggestions, especially Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Ms Chetna Vohra (Associate Director), and Ms Payal Bharti (Project Manager) for helping me through my idea.
fm11Abbreviations 1°
Primary
2°
Secondary
#
Fracture
ACE
Angiotensin converting enzyme
ACE-I
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ACh
Acetylcholine
Adr
Adrenaline
AD
Autosomal dominant
ADH
Anti-diuretic hormone
AF
Atrial fibrillation
AFB
Acid-fast bacilli
AFP
Alpha-fetoprotein
A.k.a
Also known as
ALL
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
AML
Acute myelogenous leukemia
ANA
Antinuclear antibody
ANS
Autonomic nervous system
AP
Anteroposterior
AR
Autosomal recessive
ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
ARF
Acute renal failure
AS
Aortic stenosis
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
ASD
Atrial septal defect
AV
Atrioventricular
A/E
All except
Acc/ to
According to
Ad/E, ad/e
Adverse effects
A/W or a/w
Associated with
BBB
Bundle branch block
bid
Twice a day
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
BP
Blood pressure
BPH
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
B/L
Bilateral
BM
Bone marrow, basement membrane
b/n or b/w
Between
C/S
Culture and sensitivity
Ca2+
Calcium
CABG
Coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
Coronary artery disease
CCF
Congestive cardiac failure
CT
Computerized tomography
CHF
Congestive heart failure
CHO
Carbohydrate
CML
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
CMV
Cytomegalovirus
CN
Cranial nerves
CNS
Central nervous system
CO
Cardiac output
C/O
Complaining of
COLD
Chronic obstructive lung disease
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPK
Creatine phosphokinase
CRF
Chronic renal failure
CRP
C-reactive protein
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
CVP
Central venous pressure
CVS
Cardiovascular system
fm12CXR
Chest X-ray
Ca
Carcinoma/Cancer
C/c
Complication
CT
Chemotherapy
C/I
Contraindication
CI/f
Clinical features
CTD
Connective tissue disease
Cont./L
Contralateral
Cx
Cervix
D and C
Dilation and curettage
DI
Diabetes insipidus
DIC
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
DIP
Distal interphalangeal joint
DKA
Diabetic ketoacidosis
dL
Deciliter
DM
Diabetes mellitus
DTR
Deep tendon reflexes
DVT
Deep venous thrombosis
d/to
Due to
D/g
Diagnosis
DOC
Drug of choice
Ds, d/s
Disease, disease
DM
Diabetes mellitus
ECG
Electrocardiogram
ECT
Electroconvulsive therapy
ECHO
Echocardiography
EMG
Electromyogram
EOM
Extraocular muscles
ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ERCP
Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-Pancreatography
EUA
Examination under anesthesia
FBS
Fasting blood sugar
FEV
Forced expiratory volume
FFP
Fresh frozen plasma
FRC
Functional residual capacity
FTT
Failure to thrive
FVC
Forced vital capacity
FA
Fatty acid
FFA
Free fatty acid
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate
GH
Growth hormone
GIT
Gastrointestinal tract
GTT
Glucose tolerance test
GU
Genitourinary
HAV
Hepatitis A virus
HCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin
HDL
High density lipoprotein
Hb
Hemoglobin
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
HLA
Histocompatibility locus antigen
H/O
History of
HR
Heart rate
HSV
Herpes simplex virus
HTN
Hypertension
HS
Hereditary spherocytosis
HCC
Hepato cellular carcinoma
HD
Hodgkin's disease
I and D
Incision and drainage
IDDM
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Ig
Immunoglobulin
IM
Intramuscular
INR
International normalized ratio
ITP
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
IV
Intravenous
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram
IVU
Intravenous urogram
ICT
Intracranial tension
IOC
Investigation of choice
ILD
Interstitial lung disease
IOT
Intraocular tension
Ipsi/L
Ipsilateral
fm13JVP
Jugular venous pressure
K+
Potassium
K/as
Known as
LAE
Left atrial enlargement
LBBB
Left bundle branch block
LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
LMN
Lower motor neuron
LE
Lupus erythematosus
LP
Lumbar puncture
LV
Left ventricle
LVH
Left ventricular hypertrophy
LN
Lymph node
MAO
Monoamine oxidase
MEN
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
MI
Myocardial infarction or mitral insufficiency
mL
Milliliter
MMR
Measles, mumps, rubella
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA
Methicillin resistant staph aureus
MG
Myasthenia gravis
Mc or MC
Most common
MN
Malnutrition
M/m
Management
Ms, m/s
Muscle
Na
Sodium
NIDDM
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
NSAID
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
n.or nv
Nerve
NHL
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
OCG
Oral cholecystogram
PA
Posteroanterior
PDA
Patent ductus arteriosus
PMN
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophil)
PP
Patient profile
PT
Prothrombin time, or physical therapy
PTCA
Percutaenous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PTH
Parathyroid hormone
PTT
Partial thromboplastin time
P/g
Prognosis
Px
Prophylaxis
PBC
Primary bilary cirrhosis
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
RBBB
Right bundle branch block
RBC
Red blood cell
RIA
Radioimmunoassay
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
RTA
Renal tubular acidosis
RVH
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Rx
Treatment
R, or T/t
Treatment
RT
Radiotherapy
SBE
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
SGOT
Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
SGPT
Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
SIADH
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
SLE
Systemic lupus erythematous
SCLC
Small cell lung carcinoma
SM
Smooth muscle
Supf.
Superficial
SqCC
Squamous cell carcinoma
TIBC
Total iron binding capacity
tid
Three times a day
TSH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
TT
Thrombin time
TTP
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
TURP
Transurethral resection of prostate
TOC
Treatment of choice
UC
Ulcerative colitis
fm14UMN
Upper motor neuron
URI
Upper respiratory infection
US, U/S
Ultrasound
UTI
Urinary tract infection
UVA
Ultraviolet A light
U/L
Unilateral
VF
Ventricular fibrillation
VDRL
Venereal disease research laboratory (test for syphilis)
V/Q
Ventrilation-perfusion
VT
Ventricular tachycardia
vWD
von Willebrand's virus
VZV
Varicella zoster virus
V/s
Vessel
Vs
Versus (= against)
WBC
White blood cell
WPW
Wolff-Parkinson-White
WG
Wegner's granulomatosis
WT
Wilm's tumor
XLR
X linked recessive
Yr
Year
Zn
Zinc
ZES
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
—
Reaction block by, inhibited by
~
Denotes heading
!
Increase