Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
Basic Histology: A Color Atlas & Text
V Subhadra Devi
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction to Histology
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE OF HISTOLOGY
RECENT ADVANCES
In-situ Hybridization (ISH)
Immunohistology
Molecular Histology
Histology vs Pathology
Histopathology
Histotechnicians
CHAPTER 2:
Microscopy
MICROSCOPE
PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE (FIGS 2.1A AND B)
Base
Body Tube
Arm
Source of Illumination
Stage
Ocular or Eyepiece Lens
Revolving Nosepiece or Turret
Objective Lenses
Condenser Lens
Diaphragm or Iris
Coarse and Fine Adjustment Knobs
PRINCIPLES OF MICROSCOPY
DEFINITIONS
Resolution
Numerical Aperture
Wavelength
Magnification
Care of Microscope
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPES
CHAPTER 3:
Preparation of Tissue for Microscopy
METHOD OF STUDY OF TISSUES
COLLECTION OF TISSUE
PROCESSING OF TISSUE
Fixation of Tissue
Dehydration of Tissue
Clearing
PARAFFIN EMBEDDING
SECTIONING OF TISSUE
Mounting on Glass Slide
Staining (Fig. 3.5)
CHAPTER 4:
Cell
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY
STRUCTURE OF CELL
Parts of a Cell
Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane/Plasmalemma (Fig. 4.3)
Nucleus (Fig. 4.4)
Cytoplasm
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 5:
Tissues of the Body
DEFINITION OF TISSUE
Histology
Pathology
TYPES OF BASIC TISSUES (FIG. 5.2).
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 6:
Epithelial Tissue
CATEGORIZATION
CLASSIFICATION OF COVERING AND LINING EPITHELIA (FIG. 6.1)
SIMPLE EPITHELIA
Simple Squamous (Pavement) Epithelium (Figs 6.3A and B)
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (Figs 6.4A and B)
Simple Columnar Epithelium (Figs 6.5 to 6.7 and 6.8A)
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium (Figs 6.8 and 6.9)
STRATIFIED EPITHELIA
General Features of Stratified Epithelium
Classification of Stratified Epithelia (Fig. 6.10)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Stratified Cuboidal (Figs 6.13A and B)
Stratified Columnar
Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium) (Figs 6.14A and B)
Mucosa/Mucous Membrane (Fig. 6.15)
Serosa/Serous Membrane (Fig. 6.16)
SPECIALIZATIONS OF CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE
Specializations at Basal Surface
Basement Membrane (Fig. 6.17)
Hemidesmosomes
Specializations at Lateral Surface
Types of Cell Junctions (Fig. 6.17)
Purpose of Cell Junctions
Specializations at Cell Surface
GLANDULAR EPITHELIA
Glands and Glandular Epithelia
Classification of Endocrine Glands
Classification of Exocrine Glands
Number of Cells
Mode of Secretion (Fig. 6.24)
Nature of Secretion
DEVELOPMENT OF EPITHELIA
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 7:
Connective Tissue
OVERVIEW
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE (FLOW CHART 7.1.)
FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Development
Classification (Flow Chart 7.1)
Stationary Cells
Migratory Cells
Leukocytes (Fig. 7.4)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Fig. 7.5)
FIBERS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE (SEE FLOW CHART 7.1)
Collagen Fibers (Figs 7.6 and 7.7)
Elastic Fibers (Figs 7.7 and 7.8)
Reticular Fibers (Fig. 7.9)
GROUND SUBSTANCE
CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE (SEE FLOW CHART 7.1)
Connective Tissue Proper
Loose Connective Tissue/Areolar Tissue (Figs 7.10A and B)
Dense Connective Tissue
Specialized Connective Tissue
Elastic Tissue (Fig. 7.13)
Reticular Tissue (see Fig. 7.9)
Adipose Tissue (Figs 7.14A and B)
Mucoid or Embryonic Connective Tissue (Fig. 7.17)
Supportive Connective Tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Functions
Macroscopic Structure of a Living Long Bone
Macroscopic Structure of a Dry Long Bone
Macroscopic Classification of Bone
Microscopic Structure of Bone
Cells of Bone
Matrix
Microscopic Structure of Bone
Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone
Microscopic Structure of Spongy/Cancellous Bone
Periosteum
Endosteum
Ground Section of Bone
Bone Formation (Osteogenesis)/Ossification
Repair of a Fractured Bone
HISTOGENESIS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPONENTS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 8:
Muscular Tissue
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
Morphological Classification (Based on Structure—Appearance of Contractile Cells)
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle (Figs 8.10A to F)
Smooth Muscle (Figs 8.11A and B)
Myoepithelial Cells (Fig. 8.14)
Myofibroblasts (Fig. 8.15)
Pericytes (Fig. 8.16)
DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLE TISSUE
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 9:
Nervous Tissue
OVERVIEW
DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (FIGS 9.1 AND 9.2)
Anatomical subdivisions
Functional subdivisions
Histological subdivisions
FUNCTIONS
REFLEX ARC (FIG. 9.3)
NERVOUS TISSUE
STRUCTURE OF NEURON (FIG. 9.4)
Perikaryon (Cell Body)
Dendrites
Axons (Figs 9.5A to C)
MYELINATED FIBERS
Myelination (Fig. 9.6A)
Myelination in Central Nervous System (CNS) (Fig. 9.6B)
Myelination in Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (Fig. 9.6C)
NON-MYELINATED FIBERS
CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS: BASED ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
PERIPHERAL NERVE
Connective tissue coverings of peripheral nerve (Figs 9.11A to C)
Connective tissue cells—Neuroglia in PNS (Fig. 9.13)
Schwann cells
Satellite cells
Aggregations of Nerve Cell Bodies
NERVE GANGLIA
Spinal Ganglia/Dorsal Root Ganglia (Figs 9.14A to E)
Autonomic Ganglia (Fig. 9.15)
Sympathetic Ganglion (Figs 9.16A to D)
Parasympathetic Ganglion
Central Nervous Tissue
Gray Matter and White Matter (Figs 9.17A and B)
NEUROGLIA
Neuroglia Differs from Neurons
Neuroglia in CNS (Fig. 9.18)
Astrocytes (Astroglia) (Figs 9.19A and B)
Oligodendrocytes (Fig. 9.20)
Microglia (Fig. 9.21)
Ependymal cells (Fig. 9.22)
Functions of Neuroglia
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS TISSUE
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 10:
Blood Vessels
OVERVIEW
BLOOD VESSELS (FIG. 10.1)
VASCULAR LOOPS
CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS
Anatomical Classification
Functional Classification
HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS IN GENERAL (FIG. 10.1)
ARTERIES (FIG. 10.1)
Large/Elastic Arteries (Conducting Vessels) (Figs 10.2A to F)
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia
Medium Sized/Muscular Arteries (Distributing Vessels) (Figs 10.3 A to F)
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ELASTIC AND MUSCULAR ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES (RESISTANCE VESSELS) (FIG. 10.4)
CAPILLARIES (EXCHANGE VESSELS) (FIG. 10.5)
VEINS (CAPACITANCE/RESERVOIR VESSELS) (SEEFIG. 10.1)
Large Veins (Figs 10.6A to E)
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia
Medium-sized Veins (Fig. 10.7)
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia
Venules (Fig. 10.8)
DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD VESSELS
DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIES
DEVELOPMENT OF VEINS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 11:
Lymphatic System
OVERVIEW
DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE BODY
LYMPH VESSELS (FIG. 11.2)
Microscopic Structure of Lymph Vessels (Fig. 11.2)
Lymphatic Tissue
CLASSIFICATION OF LYMPHOID TISSUES
GENERAL ARCHITECTURE OF LYMPHOID ORGANS
LYMPH NODE
Microscopic Structure (Figs 11.5A to F)
Connective Tissue Framework
Parenchyma
THYMUS
Microscopic Structure (Figs 11.6A to D)
SPLEEN
Blood Supply of White Pulp
Blood Supply of Red Pulp
Microscopic Structure (Figs 11.9A to D)
PALATINE TONSIL
Microscopic Structure (Figs 11.10A and B)
DEVELOPMENT OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Lymph Nodes
Palatine Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 12:
Integumentary System (Skin)
OVERVIEW
FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
The Three Layers of Skin are
Appendages of Skin—Specialized Structures
Nerve Endings in Skin
MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF SKIN (FIGS 12.2 AND 12.3)
Epidermis
Epithelial Cells (Figs 12.3A to F)
Nonepithelial Cells
Rete Ridges
Corium or Dermis (Fig. 12.6)
Hypodermis
SKIN APPENDAGES
Nails
Hairs
Transverse Section of hair (Shaft and root) (Fig. 12.8)
Hair Follicles (Figs 12.9A to C)
Sebaceous Glands (Figs 12.10A and B)
Sweat Glands
Peripheral Nerve Endings in Skin
DEVELOPMENT OF SKIN AND ITS APPENDAGES
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 13:
Digestive System
OVERVIEW
FUNCTIONS
GENERAL PLAN OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (FIG. 13.3)
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Adventia or Serosa
Additional Features to Facilitate Secretory and Absorptive Functions
ASSOCIATED ORGANS OF GIT
Oral Cavity (Fig. 13.4)
Subdivisions
Components
Lips (Fig. 13.6)
Teeth
General structure of a tooth (Fig. 13.7)
Ground Section (Fig. 13.8)
Hard tissue of tooth
Soft tissue of tooth
Periodontal Membrane/Ligament
Tongue (see Fig. 13.4)
Histological structure (Figs 13.10A and B)
Taste Buds (Figs 13.11C; and 13.12B and C)
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Esophagus (Figs 13.14 and 13.15)
Histological Structure
Stomach (Figs 13.16 to 13.19)
Functions of Stomach
Histological Structure (see Fig. 13.3)
Regional Differentiation
Small Intestine (Figs 13.21 to 13.26)
Histological Structure
Duodenum (Figs 13.21B and C; and 13.22A and B)
Histological Structure
Jejunum (Figs 13.23 and 13.24)
Histological Structure
Ileum (Figs 13.25 and 13.26)
Histological Structure
Large Intestine (Figs 13.27A and B)
General Features of Large Intestine
Histological Structure
Appendix (Figs 13.28A and B)
GLANDS ASSOCIATED WITH GIT OR ACCESSORY DIGESTIVE ORGANS (SEEFIG. 13.2)
Salivary Glands (Fig. 13.29)
Classification of Salivary Glands
General Organization of Salivary Glands
Parotid Gland (Figs 13.36A to C)
Submandibular Gland (Figs 13.37A to G)
Sublingual Gland (Figs 13.38A to F)
Myoepithelial cells
Liver (Fig. 13.39)
Functions
Structure
Hepatic Vascular Pattern (Fig. 13.40)
Biliary drainage pathway (Fig. 13.41)
Structure and orientation of hepatic cells with vascular and biliary passages
Biliary Apparatus
Intrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
Extrahepatic Biliary Apparatus
Gallbladder (Figs 13.47 and 13.48)
Microscopic Structure
Pancreas
Functions
Microscopic structure (Figs 13.49 to 13.51)
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 14:
Respiratory System
OVERVIEW
NASAL CAVITIES (FIG. 14.2)
PARANASAL SINUSES (FIG. 14.4)
PHARYNX (FIG. 14.5)
LARYNX (FIG. 14.6)
TRACHEA (FIG. 14.7)
BRONCHI (FIGS 14.9A TO C)
BRONCHIOLES (FIGS 14.10A TO C)
Terminal Bronchiole (Figs 14.10A to C)
Respiratory bronchiole (Figs 14.11A and B)
ALVEOLI (FIGS 14.12A AND B)
Histological Structure of Alveolus
LUNGS (FIGS 14.13 AND 14.14)
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 15:
Urinary System
OVERVIEW
KIDNEY
General Structure
Macroscopic Structure
Lobes and Lobules of Kidney
Renal Circulation (Figs 15.3A and B)
Microscopic Structure (Figs 15.4 to 15.8)
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (Figs 15.8H and I)
URETER (FIGS 15.9A TO D)
URINARY BLADDER (FIGS 15.10A AND B)
URETHRA (REFERFIGS 16.13G TO I)
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF URINARY SYSTEM
Mesoderm Components
Endoderm Components
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 16:
Male Reproductive System
OVERVIEW
FUNCTIONS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTIS
General architecture (Fig. 16.2)
Structure of spermatozoon (Fig. 16.6)
Sertoli cells (Fig. 16.3E)
EPIDIDYMIS (FIGS 16.7A TO C)
VAS (DUCTUS) DEFERENS (FIGS 16.8A TO F)
Ejaculatory ducts
Accessory sex organs (Fig. 16.9)
PROSTATE GLAND (FIG. 16.10)
SEMINAL VESICLES (FIGS 16.9 AND 16.12)
Bulbourethral glands or Cowper's glands
PENIS (FIGS 16.13A TO I)
Urethra (Figs 16.13A, B, G to I)
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 17:
Female Reproductive System
OVERVIEW
FUNCTIONS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
OVARIES (FIG. 17.2)
Microscopic structure (Figs 17.3A to J)
Ovarian follicles
Primordial germ cells
Oogonia
Oogenesis
Primary oocytes
Folliculogenesis
Primordial follicles (Fig. 17.5)
Primary follicle (Figs 17.6A and B)
Secondary (Antral) follicle (Fig. 17.7)
Mature or Graafian follicle (Fig. 17.8)
Ovulation
Ovum
Fertilization and zygote
Corpus luteum (Fig. 17.9)
Atretic follicles
UTERINE/FALLOPIAN TUBES
Microscopic structure (Figs 17.10A to E)
UTERUS
Microscopic structure of fundus and body (Figs 17.11A to D)
Cyclical changes in the endometrium (Fig. 17.12)
Proliferative (Follicular/estrogenic) phase
Secretory (Luteal/Progestational) Phase
Menstrual phase
CERVIX
VAGINA
Microscopic structure (Figs 17.13A to F)
PLACENTA (FIGS 17.14A TO D)
Villus (Figs 17.15A to C)
Decidua basalis
Placental barrier
In early pregnancy (3–5 Months)
In Full-term placenta
UMBILICAL CORD
Microscopic structure (Figs 17.16A and B)
MAMMARY GLAND (FIG. 17.17)
Structural organization
Microscopic structure of Resting (Non-lactating) mammary gland (Figs 17.18A to H)
Microscopic structure of Active (Lactating) mammary Gland (Figs 17.18A to H)
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 18:
Endocrine System
OVERVIEW
ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND THEIR LOCATIONS (FIG. 18.1)
Discrete Endocrine Glands and their Location
Endocrine Tissues in Association with Other Organs
Histological Structure of Endocrine System in General
HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI OR PITUITARY GLAND (FIG. 18.2)
Histological Structure (Figs 18.3A to D)
Pars Distalis or Anterior Lobe
Pars Tuberalis
Pars Intermedia
Neurohypophysis
THYROID GLAND (FIG. 18.4)
Microscopic Structure (Figs 18.5A to D)
PARATHYROID GLAND (FIGS18.6A AND B)
ADRENAL OR SUPRARENAL GLANDS (FIG. 18.7)
Microscopic Structure (Figs 18.8A to D)
Cortex
Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis
Medulla
PINEAL GLAND (FIGS18.9A AND B)
DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Suprarenal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Pituitary Gland
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 19:
Nervous System
OVERVIEW (FIG. 19.1)
SPINAL CORD
Transverse Section of Spinal Cord (Figs 19.2A to F)
CEREBRUM
Histological Structure of Cerebral Cortex (Figs 19.3A to D)
CEREBELLUM
Histological Structure of Cerebellar Cortex (Figs 19.4A to D)
DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 20:
Eyeball
OVERVIEW
OUTER COAT
Cornea
Microscopic Structure
Sclera
Microscopic Structure of Sclerocorneal Junction/Limbus
MIDDLE COAT
Choroid (Figs 20.4A and B)
Microscopic Structure
Ciliary body
Iris (Figs 20.5A and B)
INNER COAT
Retina
Microscopic Structure of Retina
REFRACTIVE MEDIA OF EYEBALL
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF EYE
Eyelid (Fig. 20.8)
Microscopic Structure
Optic Nerve (Figs 20.12A to F)
Lacrimal (Tear) gland (Figs 20.13A to D)
Microscopic Structure
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF EYE (FIG. 20.14)
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 21:
Ear
OVERVIEW
EXTERNAL EAR (FIG. 21.3)
MIDDLE EAR (TYMPANIC CAVITY) (FIG. 21.4)
INTERNAL EAR (FIGS 21.5A TO G)
Bony Labyrinth
Vestibule
Cochlea
Semicircular Canals
Membranous Labyrinth
Microscopic Structure of Membranous Labyrinth
Spiral Organ of Corti (Figs 21.5E to G)
DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF EAR
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 22:
Overview of Histology Slides
TISSUES
TUBULAR STRUCTURES
NONTUBULAR STRUCTURES
D. Bone
E. Nerve
Tubular Structures
ILL-DEFINED CORTEX AND MEDULLA
STRUCTURES WITH STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
OBSERVATION UNDER DISSECTION MICROSCOPE OF TRANSVERSE SECTIONS
OTHER STRUCTURES
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear