This chapter provides an overview of assessment of normal growth, short stature, thyroid disorders, precocious puberty and disorders of sex development. Growth is a barameter of well being in any child. Monitoring of growth and plotting the child\'s growth on a correct growth chart is the duty of every pediatrician. Short stature is a burning problem in a pediatrician\'s office that leads to tremendous anxiety in the child and family. Often a methodical approach and use of a growth chart is enough to satisfy the family. Congenital hypothyroidism is the most important preventable cause of mental retardation. Identifying congenital hypothyroidism early, is pivotal for an optimal health of the child. Neonatal thyroid screening helps pick up CH early. Hence many centers practice universal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. Puberty is the stage of growth caused by increased secretion of gonadotropins and sex steroids leading to sexual maturity and reproductive capacity. Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) in 1999 recommended evaluation of girls with breast development or pubic hair growth before 7 years in white girls and 6 years in African American girls. The current most accepted definition of precocious puberty is the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics before age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. Disorders of sex development (DSD) are defined as congenital disorders in which development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical. In the newborn period it presents as atypical genitalia whereas during pubertal years it presents as atypical sexual development. DSDs are always challenging to manage and needs careful evaluation of chromosomal and endocrine disturbances which will help in planning further management and deciding sex of rearing for these patients.