ISARCON 2017 Manual of Ultrasound in Infertility Narendra Malhotra, Maninder Ahuja, Poonam Loomba
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Pictorial Depiction Causes of Infertility by Ultrasound: Basic Concepts1

Kuldeep Singh
 
CAUSES OF INFERTILITY
  1. Uterine
  2. Ovarian
  3. Tubal
 
Uterine Causes
  1. Congenital uterine anomalies
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    Fig. 1: Unicornuate uterus.
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    Fig. 2: Septate uterus.
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    Fig. 3: Complete uterine duality.
  2. 3Endometrial polyps
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    Fig. 4: Endometrial polyp in the uterine corpus.
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    Fig. 5: Endometrial polyp as seen on three-dimensional (3D).
  3. 4Submucosal leiomyoma
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    Fig. 6: Fibroid with a large submucous component.
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    Fig. 7: Submucous fibroid.
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    Fig. 8: Submucous fibroid as seen on three-dimensional (3D).
  4. Adenomyosis
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    Fig. 9: Adenomyosis with speckling of the myometrium.
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    Fig. 10: Submucous adenomyoma.
  5. Endometritis
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    Fig. 11: Inhomogeneous hyperechoic endometrium with fluid collection.
  6. 7Intrauterine adhesions (Asherman's syndrome)
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    Fig. 12: Intrauterine adhesions.
 
OVARIAN CAUSES
  1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
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    Fig. 13: Polycystic ovarian as seen two-dimensional (2D) and power angio.
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    Fig. 14: Polycystic ovaries as seen on three-dimensional (3D).
  2. Luteinized unruptured follicle
  3. Luteal phase defect
  4. Endometriosis
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    Fig. 15: Large endometrioma.
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    Fig. 16: Multiple endometriomas.
 
Tubal Causes
  1. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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    Fig. 17: Free fluid in pouch of Douglas (POD) in case of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
  2. Adhesions
  3. History of ruptured appendix
  4. History of ectopic pregnancy
  5. History of tubal surgery.