Prosthodontics at a Glance Sabita M Ram, Tulika Khanna, Janani Iyer
INDEX
A
Abutment 72
define 98
modifications 93
screw 62
teeth 59
Acrylic
partial denture 71
resins 40, 50, 73
Adhesive bridges 122
advantages of 122
different types of 122
indications of 122
Akers clasp
advantages 82
disadvantages 83
Alae of the nose 31
Alginates 22, 25
Alumina reinforced porcelain 124
Aluminum
oxide 64
shell crown 111
Amalgam 102
Ankylos 63
Ante's law 105
Anterior
partial veneer crown 108
reference points 30
vibrating line 15
vibrating line 18
Antifungal, treatment 70
Applegate's rules 75, 76
rule 1 76
rule 2 77
Arbitrary 30
face bows 29
Articulator 36, 37
Artificial saliva 70
Atmospheric pressure 26
Auxillary occlusal rests 80
Axioproximal groove 108
B
Backpressure porosity 118
Balanced
articulation 45
occlusion factors of 45
Base metal alloys 35, 74
Bennett
angle 38
movement 38
Bergstrom point 31
Bernard Levin, classification of
class 1 16
class 2 16
class 3 17
Beyron point 31
Bioglass 64
Biological
principles of tooth preparation 106
width 106
Bite-fork 29
Body porcelain 123
Border moulding 23, 24
Bridge, different types of
adhesive 99
cantilever 99
compound 99
fixed movable 99
fixed-fixed 99
modified fixed removable 99
spring 99
Bronze powder 115
Buccal
corridor 42
shelf area, boundaries of
anteriorly 10
distally 10
laterally 10
medially 10
Buccinator 13
Buccolingual—pounds triangle 39
Burning mouth syndrome 68
C
Canine rest 88
Cantilever bridge 101
Carbon 64
Caries 125
Cast
circumferential clasps, different types of 83
partial denture 71
Casting
defects 118
ring with ringliner 117
shrinkage of metal 117
Cellulose acetate crown matrix 111, 112
Centric
occlusion 44
relation 33, 34, 36
Ceramics 40, 64, 122
classified 123
system 123
Cervical convergence 83
Chewing 56
Christensen's phenomenon 47
Chrome cobalt alloys 74
Chromium-cobalt alloy 35
Clasp principles of designing 84
Cleaning of dentures 53
Compensating curve 46
Complete dentures 6
define 8
retention 25
stability 26
support 26
different impression techniques used 21
function of 8
name the factors of
stability 27
support in 27
patient 20, 70
Complete overdentures 7
Composite resins 40
Condylar guidance 45, 46
Connector 98
different types of 100
Continuous bar retainer 78
Contour 92
Core system 104
Coronomaxillary
flange 19
space 19, 20
Crest of residual alveolar ridge 10
Crowns, classification of
anterior 103
posterior 103
radicular 103
Cupid's bow 15
Cusps 52
Custom dowel with cores 102
Cut back lingual plate 78
D
Dental surveyor 91
Dentatus 38
Denture
base 89
cleaning powder 54
delivery 66
fabrication various stages of 55
granuloma 68
insertion 52
Dewaxed mould 50
Diagnostic cast 92
Die 112
material 113, 114
spacer 113
systems 113
Different
core materials 104
partial denture components 77
Dimpling 93
Direct retainers 81
extracoronal direct retainers 81
intracoronal direct retainer 81
Distal extension base 75, 89
Distobuccal angle 20
Dowel crown 103
Dowel pin 109
Dr MM House classification of mental attitudes of patients 9
Duplicating material 95
E
Edentulous
conditions 74
patient 22
period 59
Elastomeric impression materials 114
Elastomers 25
Electroforming 115
Enamel porcelain 123
Endosseous 62
Endosteal 62
Esthetic principles in tooth preparation 107
Exacting patient 9
Extraoral prosthesis 7
F
Fabrication of
bar attachment 66
removable partial dentures 72
Face bow 28
different types of 29
significance of 29
various parts of 29
Fiber reinforced resin post 105
Final impression 21
Finishing lines, different types of 109
Fixed
partial denture
classify 97
contraindications of 99
define 97
different components of 97
indications of 99
prosthesis 105
prosthodontics, define 7
Fluidwax technique 96
Flux 119
Fovea palatinae 19
Frankfort horizontal plane 31
Free way space 49
Fulcrum 14, 88
Functional
cusps 48
impression technique, different methods of 96
Functions of shoulder 107
G
Gagging 18, 54, 55
Genial tubercles 12, 13
Geriatric dentistry 69
Gingettage 111
Gingival
irritation 125
retraction, different types of 110
Glass ionomer 104
cements 112
Glaze porcelain 123
Gnathology 67
Gold-palladium-silver 124
Gold-platinum-palladium 124
Good bone support 102
Granular type 67
Gravity 26
Gums paints 70
Gypsum bonded investment 116
H
Hard palate 11
Harmony of arch form 59
Healing screw 66
Heat cure acrylic 35, 50
High decayed missing filled index 108
Hindal's technique 96
Hinge axis 30
Horizontal overlap 50
Hydroxy appetite 64
Hysterical patient 9
I
Ideal abutment 102
Immediate denture 59
Implant abutment 66
Implant
dentistry 61
classify 62
contraindications 65
different materials, used for implants 63
different parts of 62
endosteal implant 63
eposteal dental implant 63
indications 65
integrate with bone 63
transsosseous dental implant 63
various forms of 62
prosthodontics 7, 8
Incisal groove 108
Incisal guidance 45
Incisive papillae 11
Index areas 93
Indifferent patient 9
Indirect retainer, forms of 88
Infrabulge clasp 85
advantages 85
disadvantages 86
Infrabulge clasps, types of 86
Interim denture 72
Internal rest 81
Interocclusal space 49
Intracoronal direct retainer 82
Investment materials, different types of 116
Irreversible hydrocolloids 22, 23
Irritation of the soft palate tissues 18
J
Jacket crown 107
Jaw relation records 27
Jaw relations 35, 48
K
Kennedy's classification 7476
Kinematic face bow 29, 30
Knife edge
metal restoration 110
ridge 41
Korrecta wax 25
L
Labial
bar 78, 79
frenum 13
Laboratory remount 52
Laminate veneer, indications of 121
Laminates 7
Lateral throat form 12
Levator anguli oris 13
Ley's, classification of
class 1 16
class 2 16
class 3 16
Lingual
bar 78, 95
plate 78
Linguo plate 78
Loss of retention 18
M
Major connector 77
Mandibular
denture 42
foundation retention 11
major connectors 78
symphysis 13
Manipulating impression compound 23
Maryland bridge 122
Massetric notch 20
Masticatory apparatus 67
Materials
for a pontic 120
use permanent record bases 35
use prepare temporary record bases 35
Maxillary
denture 19
foundation
buccal shelf area 10
primary stress bearing areas 9, 10
secondary stress bearing area 10, 11
major connectors, different types of 77
tuberosity 10
Maxillofacial prosthodontics 7, 8
Mclean's 96
Median palatal suture 11
Mental
foramen 12
spines 13
Mesiodistal 42
Metal 35
ceramic alloys 124
inserts 40
try-in stage 124
Metallic 74
denture bases 51
pastes 24
Metallizing agent 115
Midline fracture of upper complete denture 69
Minimum pressure impression technique 25
Minor connectors, types of 79
Monoplane teeth 41, 48
Monson's curve 46
Mouth
position 21
preparation 93
Mucocompressive 22
Mucostatic 22
Mucous membrane 13
Mylohyoid ridge 12
N
Neil classifies retromylohyoid fossa 12
class i 12
class ii 12
class iii 13
Nickel–chromium 104
Niswonger's method 32, 48
Nonmetallic 73
O
Obturator, different types of
acquired defeats 61
congential defects 61
Occlusal surfaces 120
Occlusion in complete dentures, different theories of 44
Orbicularis oris 13
Orbital pointer 29
Orbitale 30
Orientation relation
define 28
importance of 28
Osseointegration 65
Ovate pontic 119
Overdentures 59
P
Palatal bar 78
Palatine rugae 11
Parafunctional habits 68
Partial
dentures 7
overdentures 7
veneers different types of 121
Partially edentulous patient 94
Path of insertion 91
Periodontal
breakdown 125
maintenance 58
Peripheral
seal 24
tissues 11
Philosophical patient 9
Pickling 118
Pleasure curve 47
Polycarbonate crown form 112
Polymeras and composites 64
Pontic 98
types of 119
Porcelain 123
occlusal surfaces 107
teeth 41
Posterior palatal seal 15
area 11
denture delivery stage 19
different methods of obtaining 17
final impression stage 19
purpose of 17
try-in stage 19
Precious 74
Precision attachments, different types of 119
coronal 119
interdental 119
radicular 119
Prosthetic dentistry
aim of 6
branches of 7
define 6
objectives of 6
Provisional restoration, different types of 111
Proximal groove 108
Pulpal necrosis 125
Putty 22
Q
Quality of
denture bearing area 26
residual ridge 69
Quantity of saliva 26
R
Rebasing 56
Reciprocal tip 84
Relining 56
contraindications 56, 57
indications 56, 57
Removable
bridge 71
partial denture 71, 79, 82, 94, 96
movements of 91
prosthodontics, define 7
Removal prosthodontics 7
Remove fixed partial denture 125
Reservoir 116
Residual
alveolar ridge 11
ridge resorption 69
Resin 35, 40
Resorbed mandibular foundation 13
Rest seat preparation 93
Retainer, classification of
extracoronal 102
intracoronal 102
radicular 102
Retentive tip placed 84
Retromolar pad 10, 14
Retromylohyoid
area 69
fossa 10
Rigid connectors
contraindications 100, 101
indications 100, 101
Ring clasp 85
Ringless castings 117
Roach clasp 85
Rochette bridge 122
Root canal 109
Rotary curretage 111
Rubber dam 111
Rugae 11
S
Saliva 26
Selective
grinding 52
pressure technique 21, 22, 96
Shade
guides 125
selection 125
Shrinkage porosity 118
Silica bounded investment 116
Silverman's closest speaking space 50
Silverman's speaking space 49
Sodium
alginate 50
perborate monohydrate 54
Soft liners 57, 58
Soldering 119
Splints 7
Spot porosity 118
Sprue 116
Stents 7
Stress breaker 89
Sublingual
bar 78
crescent area 14
Surfaces of complete denture
impression or basal surfaces 8
occlusal surfaces 8
polished surfaces 8
Surveying 91
T
Template matrix 111
Temporary cements 112
Temporomandibular joint 32
Tissue conditioners 57
Tissue placement 94
Tissues
conditioners 58
Realeff 38
resilency 52
Titanium 74
Tooth
preparation 93
supported partial denture 90
tissue supported partial denture 90
Tori 93
Torus
mandibularis 12
palatinus 11
Transfer coping 66
Transitional denture 72
Treatment denture 72
Trial denture 66
Tricalcium phosphate 64
Tripod marking 92
Tripoding 92
Tuberosity sulcus 20
U
Ultra light body 114
Unconventional dentures 69
Undercuts 11
U-shaped connector 77
Using
crown remover 125
shade guide 125
straight chisel 125
V
Veneer 121
Vertical
overlap 50
relation 27
Vinyl resins 73
Virginia bridge 122
Visually 125
Vital tooth 102
Vitamin deficiency 68
Viva voce
accent 1
behavioral pattern 1
confidence level 1
examiner's role 2
first impressions 3
how to face 1
manner of speaking 1
W
Whipmix 38
Willi's distance method 32
Working
cast with separate die system 113
model, advantages of 116
X
Xerostomia 57, 68
Y
Y-clasp 86
Young patients 121
Z
Zinc
oxide eugenol 24, 112
phosphate cement 112
polycarboxylate cement 112
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear


How to Face Viva VoceCHAPTER 1

 
HOW TO FACE VIVA VOCE
A viva is essentially a precise but detailed conversation with the student. It follows a fairly structured pattern. The time, place, length, participants and subject matter are established well in advance and one participant controls the proceedings and contributes mainly questions and the other contributes mainly the answers.
It has become one of the most important criteria in any selection procedure. A written test provides only an idea about the knowledge possessed by the candidate but does not indicate personal traits, behavioral pattern, confidence level, etc. and so oral tests (viva voce) have become very important.
In a viva, the observation of verbal and nonverbal responses are the chief features. Under verbal responses comes the manner of speaking, accent, language and the knowledge, etc. whereas nonverbal responses includes movements, etc.
By its nature, the viva sets up an artificial and often daunting relationship between people. The participants have to adopt roles and are not equal partners. If you take part in a viva, then with a proper strategy and preparation you could 2shine and come out with flying colors. The examiner's role is to judge and the student's job is to present themselves in favorable light. Hence, the student must do justice to himself or herself.
For many people, the time before a viva is a nerve racking, adrenalin-pumping period. Try to put all that adrenalin to positive use. This means first of all adopt a positive attitude. The underlying strategy for success is to value yourself. The viva does not require you to take on the role of victim. It is a dialogue and you are an active participant.
You may be the best candidate, but that is no guarantee that you will be evaluated and assessed to be the best. It is the proper preparation and experience that will make you sell yourself as the best person. Begin by thinking how you can make your best impression on the examiner. Not that you should present yourself as being different from what you are but you can present yourself in a very positive way. Consider what examiner is likely to ask. A prompt and flowing answer will always be in good light. Know your strengths and do not miss out on the opportunity to exhibit your strong areas. Also know your weak areas and try and see how you can circumvent them. Remember that most of the questions in a viva lead from one question to another and so plan your answers so that you can lead to your strong areas and evade weak areas.
On the day of the viva, allow yourself plenty of time to get ready. Reach the place of viva well in time. Ensure that you are not flustered when you arrive for the viva. Do not feel nervous and make friendly conservation with other students to ease up the tension, if required. Before you speak, you will be seen. The appearance should indicate your grasp and hence, it helps to be neatly dressed. Make sure your clothes are comfortable to wear and suite to you. Remember that you want to make good impression and be careful not to distract the examiner.3
First impressions are of paramount importance and so, follow the following points:
  • Enter the viva hall gently and exchange greetings of the day
  • Sit with slight forward learning posture; put your hands in a natural and comfortable position
  • Maintain the body posture which should not be too stiff or too relaxed
  • While replying, make eye contact
  • Speak with a slight smile
  • Keep your cool and remain self controlled
  • Answer questions in a concise, distinct and normal accent
  • Control hand, body and finger movements
  • Maintain self confidence and exhibit self assured style
  • Establish good rapport with the examiner
  • Keep your sentences short to the point
  • While ending your answer, it is recommended to drop the pitch of your voice on the last syllable of your final sentence. This will indicate to examiner that you have completed your answer.
You can usually predict at least a few of the broad topics that will be raised during the viva. But it is unwise to predict the exact questions that might be asked to you. The question and answers that you wrote down and practiced with a friend should be no more than a rough guide.
Do not learn these answers by heart, as you run the risk of answering the wrong question. By all means prepare your ideas but not the exact words for conveying them. You could often find some difficult questions, those you hoped were never asked. Do not panic, pause, think and take your time to answer. Examiner is not looking for glib answers to difficult questions.4
If the question is complicated and you do not understand, do not feel ashamed to ask the examiner to repeat the question. Do not allow yourself to be overwhelmed. Do not undersell yourself by giving up the difficult question without first trying to answer it. However, if you are really stuck and cannot answer then do not try to invent an answer. A quite confident admission of ignorance is more impressive than a bluster.
During a viva one must avoid the following points:
  • Do not slam the door while entering the viva room. Avoid leaning back during the viva
  • Do not fold arms or legs
  • Avoid speaking in whispers or hushed tone or artificial accent
  • Do not lose patience and get involved in an argument during the viva
  • Do not remain too reserved or too arrogant
  • Do not giggle or mumble during the viva
  • Do not scratch yourself during the viva
  • Do not tell lie and if you do not know the answer, say so
  • Do not bite nails during the viva
  • Do not launch into an answer without taking time to assemble your thoughts
  • Do not think that you have to keep on talking until you are interrupted
  • Do not talk in the abstract. Use specific examples
  • Do not be too apologetic and in turn undersell yourself
  • Do not exaggerate yourself or your knowledge.
At times, the examiner may ask you if you have any question at the end of the viva. In case you do wish to ask, ensure that it is constructive and in a positive spirit. You could then exhibit your initiative and imagination as well as knowledge and enthusiasm.5
At the end of the viva, exchange greetings of the day and leave with a smiling face.
 
SUMMARY
In short, day by day viva is becoming an important mode of evaluating capabilities. To be able to come out successful in viva, one must prepare oneself. For effective performance during the viva, one must be well studied in the subject, be present in time, neatly dressed, polite, alert, well-mannered and take time to reply and be positive in one's replies. One should not be nervous, self conscious and scared.