Textbook of Emergency and Trauma Care Devendra Richhariya, Khusrav Bajan, Saleh Fares, Sudhir S Pawaiya
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart and t refer to table
A
Abbey pain scale 12
Abdomen 21, 602, 610, 668, 693, 699
actue 498, 503, 504
plain X-ray 425, 448
ultrasound of 421f
Abdominal trauma, blunt 647, 648, 653, 693
Abortions
complete 498
incomplete 498
previous spontaneous 502
threatened 498
Abrasion 25, 26
Abscess 465, 537
formation 515
intraperitoneal 421f
peritonsillar 100, 465
prostatic 465
retropharyngeal 100
septal 100
Absorption atelectasis 170
Acaricides 753
Accidents, bicycle 629
Acephate 754
Acetaminophen 175
Acetanilide 723
Acetazolamide 161
Acetic acid 719
Acetoacetate 160
Acetylcholinesterase 756
Acetylsalicylic acid 213
Acid
base disorder 158, 159, 159t, 728, 729t
analysis of 159
diuresis 741
fast bacilli 331
suppression 395
Acidemia 729
Acidosis 91, 493, 723, 729
metabolic 159, 160, 162, 368, 435, 729, 749, 799
respiratory 159, 729
Aclidinium 33
Acne 720
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 364
Addison's disease 432
Adenoids 100
Adenoma
bronchial 315
metastasis, pituitary 492
Adenomyosis 498
Adenosine 241
Adrenal crisis, acute 490, 491, 492b, 492fc, 493t
Adrenal gland
basic anatomy of 490
division of 490t
physiology of 490
Adrenal insufficiency, causes of 492t
Adrenaline 220
Adsorbents recirculating system 744
Adult respiratory distress syndrome 668
Advanced cardiac life support 3, 84, 97fc, 348, 516, 517, 799, 812, 814
cardiac arrest algorithm 95
survey 92
Advanced trauma life support 3, 84, 612, 626, 637, 646, 656, 814
Aerobic gram-negative bacilli 539
Aflatoxins 739
Agitation 365, 367, 731
Air embolism 247, 743745
Airway 73, 83, 101, 118, 311, 317, 324, 348, 373, 516, 606, 624, 626, 812
assessment 18, 101f
breathing 21
disease, obstructive 285
maintenance 606
management 99, 101, 102f, 603, 632
obstruction 100, 161, 603
causes of 100
signs of 324
opening pressure 142
pressure 142, 143
smooth muscles 114
stent 315
surgical 102, 103, 106
Akathisia 732, 733
Alanine aminotransferase, levels of 813
Albuterol nebulization 585
Alcohol 193, 474, 719, 723, 728, 739, 743
abuse 160, 364, 793
benzodiazepines 367
intoxication 365
withdrawal 732
Aldosterone 490, 491
inhibitors 729
resistance 435
role of 491b
secretion, reduced 435
Alkalemia 729
Alkali overdose 729
Alkaline diuresis 740, 741
Alkalosis 91, 400
metabolic 159, 160, 162, 729, 746
refeeding 162
respiratory 149, 159, 160, 162, 729, 794
Allergic interstitial nephritis, acute 446
Allergic reactions 749
Allergy 610
history 17
Allograft rejection 446
All-trans-retinoic acid 589
Alpha-adrenergic drugs 722
Alpha-naphthyl-thiourea 753
Alphos poisoning 774
Alprazolam 361
Alteplase 221
Aluminum phosphide 719, 771, 772, 772t, 773fc, 775
poisoning 771, 774, 775
toxicity 773fc
usage of 771f
Alveolar
arterial oxygen gradient 323
hemorrhage, diffuse 577
pressure 142, 143
proteinosis 324
Amanitin 744, 749
Ambu bag 101, 102f
Amenorrhea 493
American Academy of Clinical Toxicology 736
American College of Surgeons 417
American Diabetes Association and Endocrine Society 473
American Heart Association 91, 92, 93fc, 95, 97fc
American Pancreatic Association 404
American Society of Echocardiography 286
American Urological Association 468
Amikacin 454, 539
Aminoglycosides 162, 442, 454, 586
Aminophylline 267, 333
Amiodarone 96, 241, 243, 304
Amitriptyline 361
Ammonia levels 368
Amoxapine 734
Amoxicillin 720
Amphetamines 249, 719, 721723, 728, 731, 733, 734, 739, 743
toxicity 732
Ampicillin 539
Amyl nitrite 747
Amyloidosis 577
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 732
Anal
fissure 174
irritation 740
Analgesics, nonopioid 175
Anaphylaxis 118, 330, 446, 571, 745
Anemia 194, 330, 493, 558, 569, 587
acute 368
microangiopathic 253
hemolytic 250
pernicious 465
severe 112, 201
Anesthesia 674
topical airway 102
Aneurysm 74
atherosclerotic 257
left ventricular 278
partially coiled 382f
Angina 250
stable 188
unstable 184, 186, 205, 207, 209t, 212t
worsening 252
Angiodysplasias 393
Angioedema 330, 570, 571t
Angiography 638
coronary 201
Angioplasty, high risk 222
Angiostrongylus cantonensis 537
Angiotensin converting enzyme 474, 485
inhibitors 227, 229, 253, 264, 299, 309, 442, 485, 570
Angiotensin receptor blocker 227, 229, 442, 474, 548
Aniline 743
dyes 723
Anilofos 754
Animal bite 682, 780
cases, management of 779
Anion gap
acidosis 480, 762
concept 160
Ankle-brachial index 683
Anorexia 412, 420, 438, 493
Anoxia 533
Anterior cord syndrome 629
Antiarrhythmic drugs 217
Antibiotics 20, 333, 408, 446, 529, 529t, 568, 569, 625, 718, 743
intravenous 21
Antibody fragments, digoxin-specific 747
Anticholinergic 333, 365, 367, 447, 719, 720, 722, 728, 731
agents 104
long-acting 333
poisoning 794
short-acting 333
syndrome 718
Anticholinesterase 766
Anticoagulants, types of 266
Anticoagulation therapy, monitoring 267
Anticonvulsants 568, 625, 720, 723
Antidepressants 447, 721723, 728, 731, 732, 739, 743
Antidiabetic drugs 739
Antidiarrheal drugs 529, 530
Antidote 747, 748, 762
administration 720, 746
Antiemetics drugs 530
Antiepileptic 365, 739
drugs 533, 534
Anti-Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 540
Antigen, prostatic specific 464
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease 316
Antihistamines 719, 720, 722, 723, 728, 731, 734, 739, 743
Antihypertensive 383, 732
drugs, hypotensive action of 368
Antimalarials 720
Antimicrobial therapy 129, 454
Antineoplastic agents 439
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 447, 576
Antinuclear antibody 374, 570
Antiparkinsonism 365
Antiphospholipid syndrome 345, 575, 577
Antipsychotics 721, 728
Antipyretics 338
Anti-rape laws 87
Anti-snake venom 791
administration 792
Antistreptolysin O 460
Anti-viral capsid antigen 540
Anuria 791
Anxiety 162, 186, 324, 330, 367, 729
disorders 193
Aorta
abdominal 285f
arch of 262f, 263f
ascending 262f, 555
coarctation of 249
descending 555, 555f
dilatation of 256f, 260
inflammatory disease of 257
repair 394
severe coarctation of 556
Aortic aneurysm 183, 319
abdominal 197
Aortic arch 370, 556
interruption 555f
vessel occlusion 260
Aortic dissection 74, 183, 184, 186, 197, 217, 249, 256, 262f, 263, 273, 284, 290, 297, 347, 697
acute 174, 250, 253, 257, 260t, 285f, 297
ascending aorta diagnostic of 261f
classification of 257f
subacute 257
surgical management of 264
traumatic 259f
Aortic graft 315
Aortic injury 641
Aortic regurgitation 260, 261, 285
immediate paravalvular 301
paravalvular 301
severe 258f
Aortic root 258f, 285f
Aortic rupture 257, 264
Aortic stenosis 85, 183, 197
critical 556
severe 290
Aortic ulcer, penetrating 297
Aortic valve
closure of 222f
cusps 258f
disease 183
regurgitation 257, 261
replacement 304
sclerotic 289
Aortic valvular heart disease 257
Aortic wall 258f
Aortoarteritis 257
Aortobronchial fistula 315
Aortoenteric fistula 394
Aortography 262
Aortopulmonary window 556, 557
Apathy 20
Aphasia 20
Apical ventricular septal rupture 288f
Apnea 728
Appendage thrombus, left atrial 289
Appendectomy 415
laparoscopic 411, 415, 415t, 416f
Appendicitis 74, 368, 412
acute 174, 410, 411f, 413f, 414b, 414fc, 503, 692
anatomical position of 410f
chronic 416
division of 416f
perforated 412, 415
recurrent 416
signs of 412t
symptoms of 412t
Arc burns 812
Arformoterol 333
Arm
breast upper chest, swelling of 581
sensory loss of 20
Arrhythmia 118, 193, 201, 213, 273, 301, 303, 304, 330, 368, 438, 553, 557, 559, 745, 746, 773fc, 790, 792, 814
atrial 728
cardiac 197, 273, 435, 717, 724
supraventricular 217
toxin induced 722t
unstable 437
Arsenic 720
Arterial blood 219
gas 125, 147, 158, 160, 169, 170, 199, 332, 337, 368, 420, 774, 791, 794, 799
analysis 158, 160, 374
levels 609
Arterial catheterization, pulmonary 315
Arterial hypertension, refractory 264
Arterial oxygen
partial pressure of 125, 127, 164, 164t, 165
saturation 331
tension 322
Arterial pressure index 683
Arteriography 448, 684
Arteriovenous malformation 315, 319, 377, 556
Arteritis
infectious 537
temporal 363
Artery 446
catheter, pulmonary 219, 220
innominate 315
pulmonary 262, 316, 556
radial 158
selection of 158
spinal 319
thrombosis, renal 448
wedge pressure, pulmonary 775
Arthralgia 438, 493
Arthritis
reactive 577
rheumatoid 576f, 577
septic 577
Ascites 110, 226, 330
Ascorbic acid 747
Aspartate aminotransferase 813
Aspiration 138, 324
pneumonia 336, 735, 737
Aspirin 175, 267, 361, 394
Assist control ventilation 146f
Assisted reproductive technologies 502
Asterixis 324, 365
Asthma 137, 144, 241, 324, 329, 329t, 330, 341
acute 164, 329, 329t
exacerbation of 328, 347
severe 143
bronchial 148, 328, 330
family history of 329
Ataxia 20
Atelectasis
adhesive 170
radiological signs of 170
Atenolol 241
Atheroembolism 446, 449
Atherosclerosis 249, 370
Atlantoaxial dislocation 577
Atresia 100
pulmonary, pulmonary 554
Atrial
fibrillation 193, 234, 239, 240, 266, 274, 275, 276f, 297, 301, 303, 370, 484, 735
flutter 240, 275, 561f
myxoma, large 290
natriuretic peptide 309
pressure, right 219
septal defects 193, 289, 371
Atrioventricular
block 722
nodal re-entrant tachycardia 275f
node 238
reciprocating tachycardia 275f
reentrant tachycardia 193, 239, 240, 561
Atropine 712, 719, 720, 722, 731, 739, 747, 762, 763
challenge test 761
Attack, acute 362
Aurintricarboxylic acid 747
Auscultation 105, 260
Australasian triage scale 11
Autoimmune 336
adrenalitis 492
diseases 405
hemolytic anemia 577
Automated external defibrillator 95b, 96f, 387, 388, 516
Autonomic system 465
Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography 693f
Axonal injury, diffuse 623, 698
Azotemia 250, 799
prerenal 448
Aztreonam 539
B
Back trauma 492
Bacterial
cystitis 465
fragments removal 443
infection 446, 469
meningitis 536, 537fc, 539t
peritonitis 400, 745
Bacteriuria 452
Bacteroides 412
Bag mask ventilation 103
Balanitis 465
Balloon size, selection of 222t
Barbiturates 568, 625, 719, 720, 723, 728, 731, 739, 743, 744
Barcelona declaration 23
Barium salts 733
Barotrauma 138
Basal bolus regimen 544
Basal septum 283f
Basic life support 91, 516
Bat rabies 780
Beck's triad 559
Belladonna alkaloids 743
Benzodiazepine 364, 365, 400, 719, 723, 728, 731, 739, 743
Benztropine 749
Benzylpenicillin 747
Beriberi 558
Beta-blocker 435, 559, 721, 739
therapy 558
Bevacizumab therapy 316
Bicarbonate 161
anion 112
serum 159
therapy 482
Bicuspid aortic valve 257
Bilharziasis 465
Biomedical waste management 1998 77
Biopsy 341
renal 448
transbronchial 341
Birth and Death Act, registration of 77
Birth
forceps-assisted 510f
vacuum-assisted 510f
Bismuth cholestyramine 530
Bisphosphonates 269, 439
Bites 681
Black widow spider bite 733
Bladder
catheterization 515
injury 652f
stone 464
tumor 464
Bleeding 589, 744
amount of 316
cause of 316
disorders 112, 498, 745, 790
gastrointestinal 393, 400, 695
per vaginum, treatment of 501
rapid control of 21
requiring re-exploration 301
Blood
ammonia testing 401
and blood product administration 130
bank, responsibility of 154
clot 447
count, complete 19, 156, 332, 396, 420, 447, 460, 468, 528, 554, 570, 799, 813
culture 20
examination 528
flow
pulmonary 553f
renal 114, 728
gas
monitoring 331
normal values of 161t
glucose
level 86
self-monitoring of 546
grouping 420
investigations 499
loss 110
volume of 498
pH 159
picture, complete 425
pressure 13, 20, 73, 86, 113, 117, 123, 196, 197, 250, 259, 260, 330, 331, 374, 549, 548, 663, 722t, 728
ambulatory 201
diastolic 248, 374
high 383
low diastolic 111
management 378
monitoring, noninvasive 102
systolic 13, 19, 122, 130, 206, 208, 248, 374, 600
target 249t
products 153
test 267, 347
transfusions 395
citrated 439
massive 439
urea nitrogen 406, 447, 448, 493, 794
volume expansion 556
Bloodstream 452
Blunt trauma, multiple 643
Body
fluid compartments 110
mass index 297, 299
surface
area 147
pressure 142, 143
Boerhaave's syndrome 186
Bolam's test 41f
Bone
marrow
aspiration 3
transplantation 587
pain 438
Boric acid 743
Botulinum antitoxin 747
Botulism 723
Bounding pulse 111
Bowel
diseases cholecystitis 183
ischemia 427, 577
obstruction, low small 424
perforation 577, 693
signs of strangulation of 427
sounds 420
surgery 738
Brachial artery injury 658f
Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome 198
Bradyarrhythmias 217, 233, 273, 276, 553, 561, 726
Bradycardia 193, 197, 241, 304, 324, 367, 438, 487, 722, 728, 735
symptomatic 250
Brain
abscess 365, 536
cell damage 794
computed tomography scan of 374
hemorrhage, symptomatic 379
imaging 401
injuries 492, 626
mild traumatic 623
moderate traumatic 623
pattern of 623, 623t
penetrating 625
severe traumatic 623
metastasis 581, 584
natriuretic peptide 813
stem infarction 372
tumor 365, 465, 533
Brainstem dysfunction, stages of 781
Braunwald classification system 209, 209t
Breath
shortness of 285, 329
sound 337
types of 14
Breathing 73, 118, 311, 318, 348, 373, 516, 606, 607, 624, 626, 721, 812
assessment of 18
physiology of 142
spontaneously 143, 144
work of 136, 146
Breathlessness 239, 325, 581
Breech presentation 513
Bridging vein injury 623
Brittle nails 439
Bromides 720, 723, 743
Bromism 729
Bronchial artery 316, 319
embolization 319
Bronchiectasis 315, 324
cystic shadows suggestive of 317f
left upper lobe 318f
Bronchioles, obstruction of 337
Bronchoconstriction 252, 749
Bronchodilators 333
short-acting 333
Bronchoscopy 315, 317, 318, 320
Bronchospasm 112, 439
Brown-Séquard syndrome 630
Bruise 25, 26
fresh 26
B-type natriuretic peptide 214
Bulbocavernosus reflex 467
Bullet and blast injuries 704
Bundle branch block 239, 275, 276f, 277f, 279t
left 199, 206208, 217, 220, 274, 278, 279, 279f
right 199, 242, 275, 279
Burkitt's lymphoma 588
Burns 26, 100, 107, 111, 324, 446, 671, 809
classification of 807t
deep 804f
friction 685f
depth of 807t
electric 174, 801, 802f, 803f, 809
emergency management of 801
first-degree 802
flash 801
fourth-degree 802
injury 26, 27t, 809
types of 807
intraoral 804
phenolic 734
radiation 801
second-degree 802, 803f
thermal 169, 174, 801
third-degree 802, 803f, 809
Burst fractures 630, 631, 631f
Busulfan 720
Butane 723
Butyrophenones 719, 734
Bypass open heart surgery 222
C
Caffeine 193, 719, 722, 731, 733, 734
Cairo-bishop classification system 584b
Calcineurin inhibitors 442
Calcitonin 439, 585
Calcium 112, 743
channel blocker 217, 721
disodium edetate or versenate 747
gluconate 734, 737
malabsorption 439
salts 747
serum 447
sign 260
Calculi 447
Camphor 719, 731, 733
Campylobacter 526
jejuni 526
Canadian Cardiovascular Society 213
Angina Score 299
Canadian triage scale 11
Canal defect, complete atrioventricular 556
Cancers 498
metastatic 394
Cannabis 719, 722, 731
Cannula, intravenous 153
Cape triage score 11
Capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary 112, 208
Capnography 105, 609
Captopril 250, 251
Carbamates 719, 722, 739, 753, 765
poisoning 761t
Carbamazepine 535, 568, 719, 734
Carbapenem 454, 586
Carbaryl 766
Carbofuran 766
Carbolic acid 719
Carbon
dioxide 322, 723
tension 158
partial pressure of 147, 159, 170, 554
disulfide 732
monoxide 164, 330, 363, 719723, 728, 731, 732, 734
poisoning 169, 365
tetrachloride 744
Carbonaceous sputum 804
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 729
Carbosulfan 766
Carboxyhemoglobin 164, 363
Carcinoma 423, 447
catamenial 341
infection 447
Card test 774
Cardiac
arrest 438, 749
algorithm 97fc
management of 91
maternal 515, 516, 517f
biomarkers 269, 271
chest pain, ischemic 184
disease 329, 552
emergency 562
causes of 553t
enzyme 368, 774
examination 187
failure 112
congestive 144
free wall rupture 217
glycosides 722
index 130, 208
injury 640, 812
blunt 640
penetrating 640
markers 213
output 114, 117
monitoring of 112
perforation 247
resynchronization therapy 245
sounds, reduced 487
surgery 301, 307
syncope 197
tamponade 117, 197, 247, 280, 288, 290, 330, 559t, 581, 583, 610f
trauma 217
tumors 289, 290
Cardioembolic stroke, causes of 289f
Cardioembolism 371
Cardiomyopathy 118, 193, 217, 330
arrhythmogenic right ventricular 242
hypertrophic 203, 217, 240, 278
idiopathic dilated 277f
postpartum 12
Cardiopulmonary
arrest 144
bypass 301, 303, 309, 740, 746
resuscitation 93, 97, 311, 341, 515, 517, 640
cycles of 93
Cardiorenal syndrome 228
Cardiorespiratory system 365
Cardiotoxicity 735
Cardiovascular
collapse 347, 555
diseases 187, 248, 798
dysfunction 484
system 114, 115, 773fc
examination 357
Carotid 20
artery 370, 371
imaging 374
sinus
hypersensitivity 198
massage 201
syncope 197
Cartilage, septal 677f
Catamenial hemoptysis 316
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome 575, 578
Catecholamines 490, 729
Catharsis 735, 737, 738
Catheter
ablation 240
knotting 247
Cauda equina
syndrome 583, 630
tumors 465
Cefepime 539
Cefoperazone 454
Cefotaxime 539
Ceftazidime 539
Ceftriaxone 454, 539
Celiac disease 548
Cell culture vaccine 783
Central cord syndrome 630
Central nervous system 125, 353, 355, 365, 368, 386, 486, 487, 532, 536, 537, 590, 622, 718, 720, 728, 731, 794
depression 161, 367, 721, 723, 726
disease 162
effects 484, 757
examination 357
infections 536
injury, acute 375f
intoxication, grading severity of 723t
Central venous access devices 587
Central venous pressure 112, 119, 128, 130, 218, 219, 420, 774, 775
oxygen saturation of 130
Central vertigo 355
Cephaelis ipecacuanha 735f
Cephalosporin 568, 586
Cerebellar
Artery
anterior inferior 20
posterior inferior 20
signs 486
Cerebral
artery 376f, 377f
anterior 20, 372
middle 20, 372, 376
posterior 372, 382f
stroke 376f
blood flow 622
edema 112, 749
hemorrhages 533
infarction 250, 533
ischemia 380
malaria 794
malperfusion 258
perfusion pressure 622
thrombosis 745
vasoconstriction 622
Cerebritis 537
lupus 577
Cerebrospinal fluid 363, 522, 536, 537, 539, 539t, 540, 587, 625, 675
drainage 625
examination 368
Cerebrovascular
accident 161, 360, 374, 577
disease 484
episode 465
Cerebrum
basal cistern ventricles 623
tentorium falx 623
Cervical
artery dissection 371
collars 632f
pregnancy 506
spine
and neck 610
immobilization 657f
injury 107, 632
protection 606, 608f
radiograph of 657
stabilization of 603
tenderness 21
Cervix 447
Cesarean delivery 515
Cheek lacerations 675
Chemical
burns 801, 809
disaster 710
management of 712f
injuries 26
pleurodesis 342
Chemosis 790
Chest 610
compression 96f, 311, 517f
high-quality 94b
decompression 21
discomfort 239
drain insertion 342, 342f
heaviness 239
injuries 319, 699
acute 183, 295, 697
causes of 183 183f, 183t
evaluation 296fc
locations of 186f
noncardiac 184
nonischemic causes of 184
pleuritic 347
substernal 170
roentgenogram 259f, 260
syndrome, acute 186
trauma
blunt 315, 697
penetrating 315
tube
insertion 174, 340, 341, 603
management 642
selection of 342
wall 324, 330
deformity 162
injuries 638
syndromes 186
trauma 324
X-ray 337, 341, 420, 421f, 553f, 554, 555f, 560f, 637
periodic 247
Chick embryo cell vaccine, purified 784
Chills 337, 746
Chin-lift maneuver 607f
Chlamydia
pneumoniae 337
trachomatis 502
Chlamydophila psittaci 337
Chloral hydrate 719, 723, 743, 744
Chloramphenicol 539
Chlorates 723, 743
Chlordiazepoxide 732
Chlorfenvinphos 754
Chlorhexidine 720
Chloride 267, 747
Chlorine 112
Chloroform 719
Chloroquine 719, 739
Chlorpromazine 361, 744, 749
Chlorpyrifos 754
Choanal atresia 100
Cholangiopancreatography, postendoscopic retrograde 404
Cholecystitis, acute 692
Cholera 528, 529
Cholesterol, high 383
Cholinergic syndrome 718
Cholinesterase activity, depression of 760
Chorea 732, 733
Chromatography, thin layer 761
Chvostek's sign 407, 439
Cimetidine 739
Cinacalcet 439
Ciprofloxacin 454, 539
Circulation 73, 83, 118, 318, 348, 373, 516, 606, 607, 624, 626, 721, 812
assessment of 18
Cirrhosis 399, 431, 446
Cisplatin 585, 720
Citrate toxicity 746
Clavicular fractures 639
Clean lacerated wound 670
Clevidipine 251, 252
Clinical establishment Act 49, 77, 517
Clofazimine 720
Clonazepam 535
Clonidine 250, 251, 253, 719, 720, 722
withdrawal 249
Clopidogrel 267
therapy 213
Closed-loop obstruction 427
Clostridium difficile 408, 587
colitis 693
Clotting time, activated 302, 303
Clumsy hand dysarthria 372
Cluster headache, treatment of 361
Coagulation irregularities 439
Coal tar products 720
Cobra bite 791
Cocaine 193, 316, 719, 721723, 728, 731733
Coccidioides immitis 537
Code trauma 601, 602
advantages of 604
team members 602, 603t
Codeine 176, 361
Cognitive defects 308
Colchicine overdose 439
Cold extremities 111
Colicky pain 424
Colitis 693
Collapse 790
Collar sign 652f
Coma 250, 324, 367, 626, 719, 728
hysterical 722
psychogenic 722
recovery scale 722
status 487
toxic causes of 723t
Comatose 368
shock state 795
Compartment syndrome 169, 657, 658
abdominal 138
pathophysiology of 659fc
Compression 446
fracture 630, 631f
ultrasonography 348
Computed tomography 17, 21, 214, 261, 263, 308, 317, 373, 375, 376, 401, 404, 414, 453, 454, 459, 460, 476, 537, 582, 587, 588, 625, 646, 652f, 684, 692, 694
abdomen 368
angiographic cross-section 262f
angiography 201, 348, 698
contrast enhanced 21, 693
enteroclysis 694
scan 150, 340, 603, 657, 648, 650
severity index 406
urography 458, 696
Confusion 324, 362, 438, 626
assessment method 367
post-traumatic 624
Confusional state, acute 364, 364fc, 365, 367, 368t
Congestion
evidence of 226
pulmonary 219
Congestive heart failure, acute 263, 553, 556
Conjugate eye deviation 20
Conn's syndrome 249, 729
Connective tissue
disease 341
disorder 257, 258
Consciousness 21
clouding of 365
loss of 624
scale, comprehensive level of 722
transient loss of 196, 200
Constipation 400, 424, 438, 464, 487, 493, 585
Constitutes medical negligence 41
Consumer protection Act 77
Continuous glucose monitoring
devices 477
system 546f
Contraception 502
Control mode ventilation 145f
Contusion 25
parenchymal 623
pulmonary 639
Conus medullaris 465
Convulsions 532, 717, 730, 746, 749
toxic causes of 731t
Cool extremities 227
Copper sulfate 736, 749
Cord
compression 590
lesions 799
Cornea, protection of 674
Corneal deposit, pulmonary 241
Coronary
artery 206, 260
bypass grafting 120, 213, 214, 219222, 295, 301
disease 183, 208, 209, 214, 226, 266, 281, 295, 300, 577
left 556
spasm 278
care unit 7
computed tomography 294, 295, 295t
angiography 294
intervention, percutaneous 120, 213, 220
syndrome, acute 22, 183, 186, 190, 197, 205, 211b, 250, 269, 270, 270fc, 273, 281, 294, 295, 297, 301, 307, 330, 331, 697
vascular supply, typical distribution of 282f
Corpus luteum cyst, ruptured 503
Corrosives 738, 739
Cortex, adrenal 490
Corticosteroid 129, 267, 333, 731, 749
high dose 583
systemic 333
therapy, adjunctive 538
Corticotropin hormone, adrenal 491
Cortisol 474
Costochondritis 186, 347
arthritis 183
Cosyntropin 492
Cotrimoxazole 568
Cough 337, 347, 582, 720
pleural effusion 577
Counter-pressure maneuvers 202f
Coupled plasma filtration adsorption 443, 444
Cramps 740
Cranial nerves 357
Craniotomy, decompressive 625
Cranium 668
C-reactive protein 23, 122, 210, 330, 337, 406
Creatine kinase 211
myocardial band 209, 210
Creatinine, serum 309, 442
Cremasteric reflex 467
Cricoid cartilage 99
Cricothyroidotomy 106
kit 102, 106
percutaneous 103, 106, 106f
surgical 102, 103, 106
Criminal law (amendment) Act 87
Crisis
adrenal 492
hypertensive 250, 259, 577
Crohn's disease 423
Crufomate 756
Cryptococcus neoformans 537
Crystalloids 129
Cullen's sign 405
Cushing's disease 729
Cushing's reflex 623
Cushing's syndrome 249
Cut-off sign 426f
Cyanide 719, 720, 722, 723, 731, 739
toxicity 252
Cyanoacrylates 688
Cyanofenphos 756
Cyanosis 325, 347, 553, 553f, 554fc
peripheral 324
respiratory causes of 554t
Cyanotic spell 557, 558
Cyclic vomiting syndrome 728
Cyclophosphamide 585
Cyclopyriphos 754
Cyclosporine 249
Cysteamine 749
Cystic fibrosis 341
Cystitis 452, 457
tubercular 465
Cystocele 464
Cystography 652f
Cystoscopy, role of 459
Cysts 100
hydatid 319
ruptured 12
Cytokine removal 443
Cytomegalovirus 449, 693
Cytotoxic drugs 217, 720
D
Dalteparin 131
Dantrolene 747
Dapsone 739, 744
Dark pigmentation 720
Day time sleeping 365
Deafness, ipsilateral 20
Debakey classification 256
Debris 447
Decompression
nasogastric 427
sickness 169
Decontamination 720, 734
Deep vein thrombosis 112, 126, 131, 266, 269, 270, 345, 347, 378, 577, 697
Dehydration 110, 112, 118, 364, 365, 400, 420, 425, 526, 527, 527t, 528, 528b, 529t, 717, 793
assessment of 527
degree of 527t
severe 112
Dehydroepiandrosterone acetate 490
Delirium 364, 438, 731
previous episode of 364
Delivery, modes of 510f
Dementia, advance 364
Demeton methyl 754
Dental
caries 720
discoloration 720
Deoxyribonucleic acid 505
Depression 368, 439
psychosis 493
severe 368
Dermatitis
eczematous 720
exfoliative 720
Dermatologic emergencies 567, 567t
Dermis 571
Desferrioxamine 737, 747
Dextran 112
Dextrose 712, 726
normal saline 111, 112
Diabetes 112, 383, 447, 493, 548t, 729
control and complications trial 541, 542
diagnosis of 541t
education 548
etiological classification of 542b
insipidus 434b, 435, 435t, 446
causes of 434fc
complete central 435
management 541, 542, 548
mellitus 205, 206, 217, 226, 308, 339, 442, 453, 465, 473, 478, 542, 543
pediatric 543t
types of 542b
Diabetic ketoacidosis
classification of 480t
pathogenesis of 479fc
Dialysate, delivery of 742
Diaphoresis 184, 324, 367
Diaphragmatic injury
signs of 652f
X-ray of 651f
Diarrhea 110, 111, 161, 400, 431, 446, 493, 526528, 528b, 529t, 530t, 529, 717, 729
acute 526
assessment of 527, 527t
dysentery 526
management of 528
patterns of 526
persistent 526, 529
severe 738
types of 526t
watery 526
Diazepam 712, 732, 744, 747, 749, 764
Diazoxide 253
Diclofenac 175, 176, 361, 720
Dicobalt edetate 747
Diethoxy 756
Diethyl phosphate 761
Diethyldithiocarbamate 749
Diethylstilbestrol exposure 502
Diethyltoluamide 753
Dieulafoy's lesions 393
Digibind 747
Digifab 747
Digitalis 193, 731, 739, 743
toxicity 241, 279
Digoxin 217, 241, 563t, 744
Diltiazem 241, 720
Dimercaprol 747
Dimercaptosuccinic acid 748
Dimethoate 754
Dimethoxy 756
Dimethyl sulfoxide 719
Dinitrophenol 723, 728
Diphenhydramine 744, 749
Diphtheria 100
Diplopia 719
Dipyridamole 267
Disaster 21
classification of 704, 705t
examples of 704
management cycle 706, 706fc
natural 705, 705f
radiological 710
triage 709
Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs 267
Disequilibrium 353
Dissection 446
chronic 257
flap
extension of 258f
presence of 260
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 123, 315, 589, 793
Distal sodium, reduced 435
Distension, abdominal 420, 740
Distress, respiratory 164, 337
Disulfiram 719
Diuretics 162, 228, 253, 400, 720
administration 729
like furosemide 585
therapy 793
Diverticulosis 394
Diverticulum 419
Dix-Hallpike maneuver 357
Dix-Hallpike test 356, 357, 357f
Dizziness 239, 252, 790
types of 353t
Dobutamine 114, 220, 230, 749
Docetaxel 585
Domestic violence 12, 185
Dopamine 96, 114, 125, 130, 220, 230, 724, 749
Doppler signs 288
Dorsal
free flap 685f
hand skin avulsion 685f
horn 173
split-skin graft 685
Double-lumen endobronchial tube 318f
Drainage, gastrointestinal 427
Dropsy 315
Drowning 797
complications of 798, 799t
management of 798, 799fc
pathophysiology of 797f
prevention of 799
stages of 798fc
Drowsiness 728, 790
Drug and Cosmetic Act 77
Drug and Magical Remedies Act 77
Drugs
abuse 732
therapy 240
toxicity 368
Dry
hairs 487
heat 26
mucus membrane 367, 527
powder inhaler 334
skin 367, 439
Dumb rabies 783
Dye allergy 319
Dyselectrolytemia 588, 794
Dysequilibrium syndrome 745
Dysfunction, gastrointestinal 484
Dyslipidemia 548
Dysphagia 439
Dysplasia
arrhythmogenic right ventricular 199, 243, 277f, 295
bronchopulmonary 170
fibromuscular 249
Dyspnea 184, 250, 259, 285, 337, 347, 487
acute 330b
management of 332fc
severity of 331fc
Dysraphic lesions 465
Dysrhythmias 114, 301, 799
Dystonia 732, 733, 749
E
Ear 614
bites 681
laceration 675
complex 676f
Earthquake 13, 704
Eaton-Lambert syndrome 162
Ebstein's anomaly 240
Echinococcosis 465
Echo virus 538
Echocardiogram 374
Echocardiography 201, 289
role of 281
two-dimensional 305
Eclampsia 12, 250, 253
Ectopic pregnancy 74, 174, 498, 502504
management of 503
previous 502
ruptured 12, 504
signs of 503
surgical management of 500
symptoms of 503
Edema 100, 226, 447, 571
cardiogenic pulmonary 137
generalized 112, 487
mucosal 149
periorbital 581, 619f
pulmonary 161, 250, 324, 330, 347, 368, 443, 450, 728, 790, 795
Ediphenphos 754
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 257
Ejection fraction 208, 282
left ventricular 214, 217, 226
Elapidae 788
Elastic recoil pressure 143
Elbow dislocation, posterior 666f
Electrocardiogram 188, 194, 197, 199, 205, 206, 208, 209, 213, 214, 218, 219, 233, 238, 240, 247, 260, 273, 274b, 277f, 279, 281, 294, 300, 307, 331, 332, 348f, 368, 373, 374, 375, 375f, 486, 552, 554, 556, 584, 640, 724, 728, 774, 794, 812
monitoring 609
Electroencephalogram 386, 533f
Electrolyte 368, 425, 431, 432, 568
correction 558
disturbance 162, 733
imbalance 194, 273, 400, 420, 431, 569, 745
serum 480
Electromyogram 761
Emergency department
care 508
design 6
function 6
management 774
preparedness 710
thoracotomy 643
Emergency medical services 596, 706
Emergency severity index 11
Emesis 735
Empiric antibiotics options 586t
Empyema 537
extradural 536
Enalaprilat 251, 252
Encephalitis 144, 162, 365, 368, 536, 781
Encephalopathy 399
anoxic 799
hypertensive 249, 250, 253, 365, 450
End-diastolic pressure, left ventricular 217, 218
Endocarditis 371
nonbacterial thrombotic 290
Endocrine systems 728
Endometrial ablation 501
Endometriosis 502
thoracic 341
Endometritis 515
Endopeptidases 789
Endoscopic signs 394
Endoscopy 735, 740
therapeutic 395
Endothelial dysfunction 442
Endothelium 256
Endotoxins 443
Endotracheal
intubation 104
tube 83, 101, 102, 135
connection 169f
Energy, low 597
Enterococcus faecalis 453
Environment Protection Act 77
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique 270, 782
Ephedrine 114, 115, 719, 728
Epidemic Diseases Act 77
Epigastric pain, chronic 394
Epiglottis 100
Epilepsy 531f
surgery 388
Epinephrine 95, 96, 114, 230, 474, 749
Epley's maneuver 357
Epley's repositioning method 358f
Ergot 720
derivatives 362
Ertapenem 454
Erythema nodosum 720
Erythrocyte 587
sedimenation rate 337, 363, 374, 570
Erythromycin 568, 720
Escherichia coli 412, 422, 453, 465, 491, 526, 537
Esmolol 251, 252, 264
Esophageal
detectors 105
injuries 641
rupture 185
varices 394
Esophagitis 185
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 396
Esophagus, perforated 186
Estrogen progesterone therapy 501
Ethambutol 568
Ethanol 161, 405, 719, 721, 723, 729, 731, 743, 747, 749
withdrawal syndrome 718
Ethion 754
Ethosuximide 535
valproate 535
Ethylene glycol 160, 161, 723, 729, 739
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 747
Etomidate 104
Etoposide 585
Ewald tube 736, 737f
Exacerbation, acute 32, 137, 169, 330
Excessive bleeding, management of 303fc
Exercise 435, 547
Expiratory positive airway pressure 137
Exposure, assessment of 783
Extensor tendon
injury 685f
repair 685f
External defibrillator 92, 246f
Extracorporeal
life support 775
membrane oxygenation 220222, 326, 799
techniques 741
therapies 443
Extractable nuclear antigens 576
Extraglottic devices 103, 105
Extrapyramidal syndrome 577
Extremities 21, 118, 668
Eye 617, 734
examination of 674
Eyebrow lacerations
assessment of 674
management of 674
Eyelid 688
laceration of 619f
F
Face 679
complicated laceration of 670f
mask 101
sensory loss of 20
Facemask 165
simple 167, 167f
Facial
bones 615f
expression 174
injuries 621fc, 680f
lacerations
motor, ipsilateral 20
nerve
injury 680f
palsy 20, 680f
repair 680f
deep 688
superficial 688
skin 678
avulsion 676f
trauma 612, 632
Faintness 790
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia 438
Fangs marks 790f
Fascicular block
left anterior 279
left posterior 279
Fasciculations 367, 733
toxic causes of 733b
Fasciitis, necrotizing 567, 570, 570f
Fasciotomy 814
Fasting glucose, impaired 541
Fat embolism syndrome 662
Fatal accident 603
Fatigue 439, 493, 585
diaphragmatic 324
weight loss 577
Febrile
neutropenia 581, 585, 588fc
seizure 531, 532
pathophysiology of 533f
Fecal
flora, modulation of 402
impaction 464
Felbamate 535
Femoral artery 158
injury 658f
Femur
fractures, bilateral 664f
shaft fracture 667f
Fenobucarb 766
Fenoldopam 251, 252, 309
Fenoterol 333
Fentanyl 105
Fenthion 754
Fetal heart
rate 511
tones 514
Fever 110, 194, 337, 420, 521, 523, 538, 575, 693
arthritis 577
high-grade 693f
of unknown origin 291
rheumatic 240
treatment of 524
Fiberoptic
bronchoscope 102
intubation 103, 107, 107f
Fibrinolysis 794
Fibrinolytic therapy 221
Fibroids 498
Fibroplasia, retrolental 170
Fibrosis 447
pulmonary 324
Fine needle aspiration 695
Finger in ear test 614f
Fingertip injury, multiple 685f
Firecracker injury 803f
Fistula
bleeding, arteriovenous 450
bronchopleural 342
gastrointestinal 110
Five-tier triage scales 11, 11t
Flaccid muscles 629
Flaccid paralysis, acute 791
Flail chest 162, 324, 330, 602, 638
Flank pelvis 21
Flecainide 241
Flexion 666f
Flow resistance pressure 143
Fluid 424, 568
administration 220
and electrolyte
imbalance 567
replacement 427
deficit 111
indications of 110
intravenous 111t, 112t, 427
levels, multiple 425, 426f
management 481, 806
overload 745
removal 443
responsive hypotension 20
restriction 400
resuscitation 20, 442, 625, 668t
retention 749
therapy 20, 120, 407, 814
monitoring 111
principles of 110
volume, distribution of 110fc
Flumazenil 747
Flunarizine 361
Fluorescence in situ hybridization 587
Fluoride 475, 720, 733, 743
Fluoroquinolones 454, 568, 586
Flurbiprofen 361
Focal neurologic deficit 624, 626, 632
Fogarty's catheter 319f
Foley's catheterization 452, 626, 652f
Folinic acid 747
Food poisoning 723
Foot
crush injury of 686f
dorsum of 803f
Forced expiratory volume 331
Formoterol 333
Formothion 754
Foscarnet 439
Fosfomycin 454
Fosphenytoin 388
Fossa lesions, posterior 625
Fournier's gangrene 567
Four-tier triage scales 11
Fracture 631, 637
acetabulum 667f
avulsion 700
care 656
depressed 620f, 625
femur 700
fibula 700
long bone 657, 662
management of 656
multiple 657, 667
neck talus 661f
proximal long bone 602
rib 330, 347, 638
shoulder 667f
sternal 639
tibia 700
types of 630, 631t
wedge 631
Francisella tularensis 337
Fresh frozen plasma 156, 267, 302, 303, 589
Fructose 749
Fumigants 753
Fundoscopy 250
Fungal 492
ball 447
infections 446
meningitis 539t
Fungicides 753
Furious rabies 783
Furosemide 585, 749
G
Gabapentin 535
Gallstones 405, 423
Gamma
aminobutyric acid 400
benzene hexachloride 766
Gap acidosis 728
Gas 424
fluid levels, multiple 425
gangrene, treatment of 169
Gaskin all-fours maneuver 513
Gastric
catheters 609
distention 138
lavage 735, 736, 737t
pressure 138
Gastroenteritis 427, 526
Gastroesophageal reflux 186
disease 185, 526
Gastrointestinal
bleeding
lower 394, 395
upper 393395, 695
tract 755
acute lower 695
Gastrotoxic medications 394
Gatifloxacin 539
Gelatin 112
Genetic factors protein C 345
Gentamicin 539
Gentian violet dye 720
Gingival hyperplasia 720
Gland, adrenal 490
Glasgow coma scale 11, 19, 21, 86, 122, 124, 142, 330, 367, 536, 599, 599t, 600, 609t, 622, 624, 625, 632, 721
Glass cut injury 683f
forearm 684
Glaucoma 363
Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events 206, 213
Glomerular
filtration rate 214, 228, 445, 458, 486, 741
injury 446
Glomerulonephritis 449
acute 577
poststreptococcal 460
primary 249
Glossitis 720
Glucagon 474, 476, 747
Glucocorticoids 439, 490
therapy, long-term 491
secrets 490
Glucokinase 543
Gluconate 747
Gluconeogenesis 491
lipolysis 491
Glucose 432, 476, 539, 747, 749
6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 808
control 308
normal plasma concentration of 473
tolerance, impaired 541
Glutethimide 743
Glycemic control 126, 130, 546t
monitoring of 545
Glyceryl trinitrate 307
Glycopyrrolate 763, 765
Glycopyrronium 333
Glycosides, cyanogenic 732
Gnathostoma spinigerum 537
Goldman septal elevator 614f
Goodpasture syndrome 316
Gout 577
Graft versus host disease 590, 590fc
Granulomatosis 316
diseases 447
Graves' disease 484
Gravid uterus, retroverted impacted 464
Great arteries 233
complete transposition of 554
Great vessels, transposition of 555
Grievous hurt 26
Guanidine 747
Guillain-Barré syndrome 161, 464, 465, 577
Guitar pick sign 620, 620f
Gunshot wounds 646
Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification 661t
Gusto risk score 210t
Gut obstruction 693
H
Haemophilus influenza 336, 523, 539
Hair removal 673
Hallucination 365, 367, 723, 728, 731
syndrome 718
Haloperidol 367, 749
Hamman's sign 330
Hand wash, procedure of 76f
Harmless acute pancreatitis score 405
Hashimoto's encephalopathy 488
Head 699
computed tomography of 538, 619
impulse test 356, 356f
injuries 174, 365, 603, 632, 643, 813
seizures 698
tilt chin lift maneuver 103, 103f
trauma 149, 622, 698
high risk 624
low risk 624
management of 624
medium risk 624
up tilt table test 201
Headache 170, 250, 252, 324, 360, 362, 438, 538, 581
acute 360, 362, 363, 698
subarachnoid 173
classification of 360fc
cluster 361
primary 360
secondary 362, 362t
worsening 624
Health education 786
Heart 370
attack 74, 201
block 241, 252
complete 562f
congenital 199
computed tomography angiography of 294
disease 383
congenital 193, 315, 552, 554
coronary 184
ischemic 240, 394
rheumatic 240, 557f
structural 197, 241
dysfunction, right 349
failure 162, 184, 201, 226, 252, 253, 269, 271, 315, 345, 365, 368, 394, 431
acute 226, 226f
chronic 226
congestive 112, 137, 193, 205, 207, 210, 241, 250, 308, 339, 446, 484, 485, 557, 745
decompensated 310, 330
drug-induced 222
function, low 201
rate 13, 86, 113, 114, 184, 206, 208, 233, 330, 331, 394, 561t
fast 297
high 20
valve
mechanical 370
prosthetic 285
Heat
exhaustion 795, 795t
exposure, pathophysiology of 794fc
stress, pathophysiology of 794fc
stroke 793, 795t
classical 793
exertional 793, 794
first aid for 795f
Heavy alcohol use 394
Helmet removal technique 632
Hemadsorption 443
Hematemesis 315
Hematochezia, severe 396, 396fc
Hematocrit 309
Hematologic disorders 446
Hematoma 107, 247, 447, 456, 457, 515, 694, 696
epidural 365, 623, 625
extradural 307
hyperechoic 620f
intramural 297
retrobulbar 620f
septal 613f
subcapsular 651f, 652f
subdural 307, 623625
Hematuria 459
confirmation of 456
gross 456, 459
microscopic 456, 457, 459
nonglomerular 458
persistent 457, 460
transient 460
urologic evaluation of 459fc
Hemianopsia, contralateral homonymous 20
Hemiparesis, ataxic 372
Hemo thorax 161
Hemoadsorption 443
Hemoconcentration 794
Hemodiafiltration 745
continuous 443
arteriovenous 443
venovenous 443
Hemodialysis 439, 740, 741, 742b, 742f, 743
continuous 443
arteriovenous 443
venovenous 443
Hemodynamic
instability 213, 308
stability 20, 498
Hemofiltration 740, 745
continuous 443
arteriovenous 745f
Hemoglobin 446
Hemoglobinuria 456
Hemogram, complete 368
Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count 250
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 460, 527
Hemoperfusion 740, 744
circuit 744f
Hemopneumothorax, traumatic 342
Hemoptysis 315, 317f, 347, 697
management of 320fc
massive 315
Hemorrhage 154, 162, 197, 250, 330, 368, 378, 446, 515, 515, 745
acute subarachnoid 380, 381f, 698
adrenal 491, 492
antepartum 12, 250
control 21, 606, 607, 608fc
gastrointestinal 569
hypertensive 380
intracerebral 249, 253, 380
intracranial 381
major external 21
parenchymal 381
postpartum 12, 498
primary postpartum 515
pulmonary 324, 577
subarachnoid 197, 360, 365, 375f, 377, 380f, 382fc, 381, 623
Hemosiderosis, idiopathic 316
Hemothorax 247, 342, 343, 559t, 602, 638, 642
Hemotympanum 614f
Heparin 131, 208, 266, 267, 749
neutralize 302
Hepatic
artery aneurysm, rupture of 577
encephalopathy 368, 399, 400b, 400t, 401, 401b, 402, 729
classification of 399t
treatment of 401b
failure 162, 368, 394
injury 699
grading scale 651, 651f
scan 647f
Hepatitis 743
Hepatobiliary disease 693
Hepatocellular disease 399
Hepatorenal syndrome 446
Herbicide 732, 753
Hernia 423, 720
diaphragmatic 342
strangulation of 427
Herpes
simplex virus 538
encephalitis 465
zoster 185, 567
virus 465
Heterophil antibody 540
Hiatus hernia 183
High flow oxygen therapy 326
High performance thin layer chromatography 762
Hip dislocation, posterior 666f, 667f
Hip
dislocations of 700
fracture 700
Hirschsprung's disease 527
His bundle 238
His-Purkinje system 280
Histoplasma capsulatum 537
Homocysteine 374
Hong Kong four level field triage system 11
Hormone
adrenal 491t
adrenocorticotropic 510
antidiuretic 431, 434
deficiency 475
replacement therapy 345
Horner's syndrome 20
Hospital disaster management committee 706
Human
bites 681
diploid cell vaccine 784
immunodeficiency virus 42, 405, 492, 538
organs transplantation Act 77
rabies
immunoglobulins 784
prevention of 783
Humidification 165
Hyaluronidase 788
Hybrid ventilators 137
Hydralazine 251253, 378
Hydration 439
Hydrocarbons 719, 739
chlorinated 720, 723, 731
Hydrocephalus 465
Hydrocortisone 333, 585
Hydrogen
cyanide 732
ion 91
sulfide 719
Hydrolases 789
Hydrophobia 783
Hydroxocobalamin 747
plus sodium thiosulfate 712
Hygroma 100
Hyperadrenergic states 253
Hyperalimentation 161
Hyperamylasemia 759
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 169
Hypercalcemia 273, 405, 434, 446, 729
actue 446
drug-induced 734
investigation of 438t
less common causes of 438t
management of 439t
signs of 438t
symptoms of 438t
treatment of 585t
Hypercalciuria 438
Hypercapnia 324, 368
Hypercatabolic state 569
Hyperchloremic nongap acidosis 160
Hypercoagulation 745
Hyperglycemia 365, 368, 435, 480, 575, 745, 762
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar states 478
Hyperinsulinism, endogenous 474
Hyperkalemia 91, 273, 280f, 432, 433, 435t, 443, 493, 585, 729, 733, 795
management of 436fc
treatment of 432
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis 435
Hyperkeratosis 720
Hyperlipidemia 405
Hypernatremia 112, 432, 734
Hyperosmolality 435
Hyperoxia test 553
Hyperparathyroidism, tertiary 438
Hyperphosphatemia 438, 439, 585
Hyperpigmentation 493
Hyperpnea 367
Hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome 234
Hypersensitivity 112, 368
pneumonitis 324
Hypertension 206, 207, 217, 218, 226, 240, 259, 324, 367, 438, 548, 558, 722, 745, 757
cause of 558
idiopathic pulmonary 285
malignant 248, 449
portal 394, 399
postoperative 248
pregnancy-induced 249
prevention of 308
pulmonary 183, 185, 319, 446, 577
rebound 252
refractory 264, 775
severe pulmonary 290
stages of 248t
upper extremity 638
Hypertensive crisis, secondary causes of 249t
Hypertensive emergencies 248, 250b, 251, 252t
clinical outcomes of 250b
Hyperthermia 365, 367, 446, 727, 728t, 795
malignant 728, 794
Hyperthyroidism 194, 558
Hypertonic saline 625
Hypertrophy, left ventricular 240, 278
Hyperuricemia 585, 794
Hyperventilation 159, 330, 367, 439
Hyperviscosity syndrome 581, 583
Hypervitaminosis
A 438
D 438
Hypoalbuminemia 364, 439
Hypocalcemia 273, 434, 533, 558, 585, 734, 744
causes of 439t
mild 436
severe 436
signs of 439t
symptoms of 439t
Hypochloremia 493
Hypoesthesia 814
Hypoglycemia 111, 194, 365, 368, 374, 473, 474t, 475, 477, 533, 547, 723, 749, 762, 794
causes of 474b
mild 493
noninsulinoma pancreatogenous 474, 476
Hypoglycemic disorder 477
Hypokalemia 91, 162, 273, 400, 425, 433, 437, 733
causes of 437t
conditions of 437t
severe 112
severity of 435, 435t
signs of 437t
symptoms of 437t
treatment of 437t
Hypomagnesemia 162, 439
Hyponatremia 111, 112, 365, 368, 400, 431, 431t, 493, 533, 734
causes of 431, 431t
dilutional 432
diseases of 431t
investigation of 432b
management of 433fc
Hypoparathyroidism 439, 558
Hypoperfusion 370, 446
Hypophosphatemia 162, 438
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 556
Hyporeflexia 728
Hypotension 122, 126, 138, 164, 241, 252, 259, 287, 324, 325, 349, 394, 420, 493, 638, 722, 743, 744, 749, 773fc, 790, 792
intractable 307
orthostatic 197, 201, 252
permissive 608
persistent 643
severe 728
Hypothermia 80, 91, 365, 388, 405, 425, 487, 511, 606, 625, 717, 727
drugs producing 728b
signs of 728t
symptoms of 728t
therapeutic 798
Hypothyroid coma 486, 487b
Hypothyroidism 486fc, 548, 558
Hypoventilation 159, 170, 323, 728
Hypovolemia 91, 117, 446, 585, 745
signs of 608fc
Hypoxemia 99, 170fc
severe 319
treatment of 169
Hypoxemic respiratory failure, acute 137
Hypoxia 20, 99, 162, 324, 365, 368, 723, 729, 749
anemic 165
cytotoxic 165
hypoxic 80, 165
normoxic 164
types of 164, 165t
Hysterectomy 500
I
Ibuprofen 175, 176, 361, 719
Ibutilide 241
Iliac fossa, right 425
Imipramine 720
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators 203, 243
Incident command system 707
Incubation period 781
Indacaterol 333
Indian Laws for Patient's Safety 77
Indian laws, list of 77b
Indian Medical Association 51
Indian Medical Council Act 77
Indian Medical Council Regulation 77
Indian Penal Code 26, 87
Indomethacin 474
Infarction 693, 799
adrenal 491, 492
pituitary 492
pulmonary 315
Infection 20, 100, 111, 336, 364, 405, 446, 451, 465, 484, 502, 567, 743745
acute 577
enteroviral 540
focus of 523
minimizing risk of 674
prevention of 129, 247
reservoirs of 780
systemic 484, 526
Inferior vena cava 287, 648, 693
Infertility 493, 502
Inflammation 329, 446
Inflammatory bowel disease 527
Infraorbital rim 612
Inhalation injury 809
Injection
intravenous 176
subcutaneous 176
Injuries 674
abdominal 649f
blunt 19, 623
countercoup 33, 623
degloving 657
diaphragmatic 641
duration of 25
electrical 811
gravity of 26
lightning 809
location of 671
long bone 19
mechanical 25
mechanism of 596, 629, 650f, 671
modes of 605f
nature of 25
neurologic 813
penetrating 603, 623, 626, 649f
primary 597
secondary 597
severe mechanism of 602
severity score 600
spinal 603
tertiary 597
time of 671
urethral 609fc
Innsbruck coma scale 722
Inotropes 113, 115, 116
Insecticides 753
Inspiratory
flow patterns, types of 145f
positive airway pressure 137
Inspired oxygen, fraction of 127, 147, 164, 167, 168, 310
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 373
Insulin 474, 475, 723
deficiency 435
deficient diabetes 474
delivery devices 545
dose 543
independent glucose utilization 475
injection sites 545, 545f
regimen 544
secretagogues 474
storage 545
subcutaneous 482
therapy 481, 542
types 543
Insulinoma 474
Intensive care unit 7, 19, 92, 122, 137, 142, 220, 303, 322, 329, 334, 338, 378, 401, 404, 448, 486, 601
Interface attachments, types of 136f
Interleukin 23, 590
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation 305
International Association of Pancreatology 404
International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes 546
Interstitial nephritis, acute 449
Interstitium 324
Intervertebral disk disease 465
Intervertebral disk space 634
Intestinal obstruction 423, 425
acute 427
management of 427, 427fc
Intra-aortic balloon
counterpulsation 120, 121, 307
pump 22, 218, 220, 221, 222f, 772, 774, 775
Intramuscular injection 176
Intrauterine
device 502
growth restriction 577
Intravascular volume depletion 446
Intravenous
fluids, classification of 111
therapy 438
tissue plasminogen activator 24
Intubation, rapid sequence 103, 104
Intussusception 423, 427, 527
Iodides 720
Iodine 720
Ipratropium 333
Iprobenfos 754
Iron tonic syrups 720
Irrigation 673
Ischemia 222, 537
lower limb 263
mesenteric 263, 307, 423, 577
onset of 425
renal 263, 577
Ischemic stroke
acute 379
causes of 370
workup, complete 374
Isolated musculoskeletal chest pain syndrome 185
Isoniazid 161, 723, 731, 743
Isoprenaline 114, 115, 747
Isopropanol 719, 723, 743
Isopropyl alcohol 160
Isoproterenol 720
Itching 571
J
Janani Suraksha Yojana 508, 517
Jaundice 368, 695
Jaw thrust 103, 103f
maneuver 607f
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome 561f
Jet ventilator 102
Joint 174
commission international 36, 173
dislocations 174
Jugular venous pressure 111, 118, 226, 260, 347, 584
K
Kangaroo technique 511
Kerosene 739
Ketamine 104
Ketoacidosis 482
alcoholic 161
diabetic 110, 161, 330, 478, 482, 547
Ketoconazole 439
etomidate 492
Ketogenesis 479
Ketoprofen 175
Ketosis 543
Kidney 452
disease 112, 441
acute 435
chronic 364, 435, 442, 445, 450, 689
improving global outcomes 445t
end-stage 441
failure, acute 420
function 368
test 499
injury
acute 301, 309, 368, 441, 448, 445, 445t, 446t, 448t, 696, 792, 795
molecule 442, 448
Klebsiella pneumoniae 336, 422
Knee dislocation 667f
Kyphoscoliosis 162, 324
L
Labetalol 250252, 378
Labor, stages of 508b
Laceration 25, 618, 671t
closure of 686
parameters 688
Lacrimation 367
Lactate
dehydrogenase, elevated 302
liver enzyme 20
serum 23
Lactation 786
Lactic acidosis 20, 161, 324, 795
idiopathic 729
Lamotrigine 535, 568
Laparoscopic salpingectomy, technique of 504
Laparotomy 647
Laryngeal
edema 749
inlet 100, 100f
mask airway 101, 102, 102f, 105, 105f
trauma 100
tube airway 101, 105, 106f
Laryngopharynx 99
Laryngoscope 101
Laryngospasm 439, 737
Laryngotracheobronchitis 100
Lateral uterine displacement method 517f
Lathyrism 732
Le Fort fractures, types of 616f
Lead 733
dislodgement 247
Leg
fasciotomy of 660f
sensory loss of 20
Legionella pneumophila 336
Lepra reaction 571
Lethargy 585
seizures 528
Letones, serum 480
Leucovorin 747
Leukemia 446, 588
Leukocytes 587
Leukocytosis 368, 420, 762, 794
Leukopenia 368
Leukostasis 588
Leukotriene receptor antagonists 333
Levallorphan 749
Levetiracetam 388, 535
Levodopa 722
Levofloxacin 454
Levosalbutamol 33
Licorice 162
Lidocaine 749
Ligament of Treitz 699
Lignocaine 104, 726
preparation 726
Limb
ataxia, ipsilateral 20
elevation 808
fractures 174
injuries 346, 682
clinical evaluation of 683t
ischemia 258, 259
threats 657
trauma 656f
Linezolid 586
Lip 677
laceration, complex 677, 680f
Lipid protein binding 742
Lipoproteins, low density 813
Listeria monocytogenes 539
Lithium 438, 719, 732, 733, 743
Liver
biopsy 341
disease 112
end-stage 364
severe 394
enzyme 795
failure 533
failure, acute 399
function test 330, 368, 405, 499
transplantation 402
Lobar consolidation 336
Lomotil 722
Loperamide activated charcoal 530
Lorazepam 732
Low capacity systems 165
Low cardiac
ejection fraction 371
output syndrome 301
Low perfusion, evidence of 227
Lower urinary tract
causes 447
symptoms 463, 464
Ludwig angina 100
Lumbar puncture 3, 363, 368, 538
Lund and Browder charts 806f
Lung 315
abscess 315
cancer 315
inoperable 319
collapse, retrocardiac 555f
contusion 324, 330
disease
chronic 729
restrictive 161
diseases 729
interstitial 341
injuries 639
acute 775
penetrating 640
transfusion related 324
marking, absence of 341
parenchyma 315, 324
pressure 142
protective mechanical ventilation 130
resection 324
tumor 330
Lupus
erythematosus 249, 575, 577
nephritis protinuria hematuria 577
Lyme disease 465
Lymph nodes 447
Lymphoma 446
Lysergic acid diethylamide 720
M
Macroglossia 487
Magills forceps 101
Magnesium 435
citrate 737
infusion 388
sulfate 737, 747
therapy 482
Magnetic resonance
angiography 374, 448, 698
cholangiopancreatography 695
imaging 21, 74, 150, 250, 262, 374, 376, 400, 404, 454, 476, 499, 533, 538, 583, 626, 635, 639, 684, 692, 695
sagittal section 263f
urography 454, 458
venography 698
Malaise 337
Malaria 365
Malathion 754
Malignancy 185, 336, 346
gastrointestinal 464
hypercalcemia of 581, 584, 585t
Malignant
disease 439
pleural effusion 342, 581, 584
Mallampati classification 101, 102f
Mallampati score 103
Mallory-Weiss tear 394, 735
Malnutrition 364
Malperfusion, evidence of 263
Malpractice claims 38f
Manchester triage scale 11
Mandible 99, 615
Manganese 732, 733
Mangled extremity 657, 662
severe score 663t
Mannitol 160, 625, 749
Marfan syndrome 257
Mask fit 166
Mass casualties, examples of 710
Massive adrenal hemorrhage, bilateral 491
Mastitis 12, 515
Maturity-onset diabetes of young 542, 543
Maxilla examination 616f
Maxillofacial trauma 100
Mean arterial pressure 113, 114, 124, 125, 128, 130, 219b, 220, 309, 450, 622
Meatal stenosis 464
Mechanical ventilation 142, 143, 144, 144b, 162, 174, 326, 334, 341, 342
types of 144
Meclofenamate sodium 175
Mediastinal widening 260, 261f
Medical Council Act 77
Medical Council of India 178
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 77
Medicolegal
case 25, 27
procedure of 35 f
record
completion of 27
components of 27
Medium capacity systems 165
Medullary syndrome, lateral 372
Membrane, prolonged rupture of 515
Memory deficit, short-term 365
Meniere's disease 357
Meningitis 144, 162, 363, 365, 533, 536, 368, 540, 794
aseptic 577
chronic 537
subacute 537
Meningococcemia 567
Meningomyelocele 465
Mental
Health Act 77
health disorders 6
retardation 535
status 13, 21
acute onset 367
Meprobamate 743
Mercaptans 719
Merci retriever 380f
Mercury 732, 733
Meropenem 454, 539
Mesenteric artery, superior 694f
Mesoappendix, dissection of 416f
Mesothelioma 297
Metalloproteinases 789
Metaprolol 241, 361
Metastasis 315, 492
Methadone 720
Methane 723
Methanol 160, 161, 719, 723, 729
Methaqualone 731, 743
Methemoglobinemia 252, 723, 749
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 129
Methionine 747
Methomyl 766
Methotrexate therapy 505
Methyl parathion 754
Methyl salicylate 719
Methyldopa 253, 719, 720
Methylene blue 712, 749
Methylenedioxyamphetamine 718
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine 718
Methylprednisolone 333
Methylxanthines 333
Methysergide 361
Metoclopramide 361, 719
Metoprolol 241
Metronidazole 720
Microbiology 331, 337, 453
Micrognathia 100
Midazolam 105, 388
Migraine 361, 362, 365
Milk-alkali syndrome 438
Milrinone 220, 230
Mimicking acute respiratory distress syndrome 170
Mineralocorticoid 491
secrets 490
Minoxidil 253
Minute ventilation 147, 149
Miosis 367, 717, 719
Miscarriage 503, 577
Mitral
annular calcification 289
inflow late diastolic velocity 286
regurgitation 209, 213, 219, 220, 222, 285, 301
acute 223
severe 557f
stenosis 285, 315
valve
disease 183, 184
valve prolapse syndrome 240
Mixed acid-base disorder 159
Mixed venous oxygen 220
low 323
saturation 219
Modern antirabies vaccine, administration of 784
Modified early warning score 12, 13t
Moist heat 26
Molecular weight heparin, low 131, 266, 267, 348, 378
Molluscicides 753
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 719, 728, 734, 748
Monocrotophos 754
Morphine 176, 365, 400, 720
Morphothion 754
Mortality, trimodal pattern of 601
Motor neuron
disease 732
disorders 732t
Motor vehicle
accidents 596
collision 629
Mouth
floor of 100
pressure 142
Movement disorders 732
drug-induced 734t
treatment of 733
Moxifloxacin 539
Mucous membrane
drying of 170
losses 446
Multidetector computed tomography 693, 699
scan 397, 701
Multifocal atrial tachycardia 193, 239, 240
Multiorgan
failure 794
involvement 575
Multiple
organ dysfunction syndromes 601
sclerosis, multiple 447, 465
Multisystem trauma 595
Multivessel coronary artery disease 217
Murmur, systolic 638
Muscle
cramps 439
fibers, arrangement of 283f
protein catabolism 491
spasm, local 629
weakness 438, 439, 585
Muscular
hyperactivity 728
spasm 183
Musculoskeletal
examination 188
injuries 813
pain 186
symptoms 187
Myalgia 493
Myasthenia gravis 144, 162
Myasthenic crisis 733
Mycetoma 315, 319
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 537
Mycoplasma 336, 337
pneumoniae 337
Mydriasis 367, 717, 719, 728
Myelitis 536
Myocardial
contusion 217
aortic stenosis 222
deformation 283f
depression 749
dysfunction, reversible 224
infarction 117, 118, 184, 186f, 205, 206, 208210, 217, 217f, 218, 222, 226, 244, 245, 266, 270, 275, 276f, 288, 288f, 289f, 294, 347, 368, 427, 484, 577, 745
acute 23, 164, 173, 186, 206, 206t, 208t, 216, 226, 250, 256, 277f, 278f, 365, 395
left ventricular 219
ischemia 183, 184t, 253
nonfatal 212t
oxygen demand 169
perforation 247
Myocarditis 117, 186, 217, 224, 226, 577, 735
Myoclonic jerks 324
Myoglobin 446
test, serum 813
Myoglobinuria 456, 794
Myopathy, necrotizing 732
Myositis
fibrosa 732
ossificans 732
Myxedema 273, 368
coma 486
pathogenesis of 487fc
madness 486
N
Nabumetone 175
N-acetylcysteine 309, 747
N-acetylpenicillamine 747
Nafcillin 539
Nail bed 684f, 688
blood return 118
injury 684f
Nalidixic acid 719
Nalorphine 749
Naloxone 712, 726, 747
Naphthalene 719
Naproxen 175, 176, 361, 568, 720
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 77
Nasal
cavity 99
deformity 104
infection 104
injury, complicated 677f
prongs 101, 165, 166f, 167
working of 167t
stuffiness 170
trauma classification 613
Nasogastric tube 395, 396
loss 446
placement 341
Nasolacrimal duct injuries 675, 676f
Nasopharyngeal airway 101, 102, 102f, 104
Nasopharynx 99
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry 211
National Diabetes Surveillance Program 478
National disaster management structure 707fc
National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program 541
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 379f
National Standard for Ambulances in India 86
National Tuberculosis Control Programme 331
Nausea 170, 184, 250, 252, 362, 367, 412, 420, 438, 585, 790
Neck 21, 100
infection, deep 330
pain 538, 656, 657
surgery 107
trauma 100, 330
Needle cricothyroidotomy 103, 106
Neglected tropical diseases 779
Negri bodies 781
Neisseria meningitidis 523, 537, 539
Nematicides 753
Neonatal advanced life support 3, 517
Neonatal cardiac emergencies 552
Neostigmine 747, 791
test 791
Nephrocalcinosis 438
Nephrolithiasis 438, 447
Nephropathy
contrast 450
obstructive 450
Nephrostomy, percutaneous 450
Nephrotic syndrome 446
Neprilysin inhibitor 229
Nesidioblastosis 474
Nesiritide 229
Neurocardiogenic syncope 197
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 728, 794
Neurological disorders 577
Neuromuscular disorders 162
Neuropathy
autonomic 465
diabetic 464
syndrome 759
Neurovascular damage, digital 683f
Neutral protamine hagedorn 544
Neutropenia 596t
Neutrophil
count, absolute 586, 586t
extracellular trap 123
gelatinase-associated lipocalin 442, 448
New York Heart Association Classification 299
Niacin 720
Nicardipine 251, 252
infusion 378
Nicotine 719, 721, 733, 734
deficiency 365
Nifedipine 720
Nikolsky's sign 802
Nitrazepam 720
Nitrites 723
Nitrobenzene 719
Nitrofurantoin 454, 720
Nitrogen dioxide toxicity 316
Nitroglycerin 209, 229, 251253
Nitroprusside 229, 253
Nocturia 438
Nodal reentrant tachycardia 193
Nomenclature 159
Nonanion gap acidosis 161
Noncontrast computed tomography 624f, 698f
image of epidural hematoma 624f
Nonislet cell tumor 474
Non-malignant granulomatous disease 438
Nonpoisonous snake 789f
Non-rebreathing mask 166, 167f, 168
Non-ST
elevation acute
coronary syndrome 207, 213
myocardial infarction 205, 208
elevation myocardial infarction 186, 273, 281
segment elevation myocardial infarction 207, 270
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 267, 361, 393, 394, 442, 446, 447, 465, 524, 570, 638, 718, 721, 739
Nonsulfonylureas 474
Nontyphoidal salmonella 526
Nonvenomous snake 788
Noradrenaline 220, 749
Norepinephrine 96, 114, 130, 230, 724, 749
Normocarbia, maintenance of 308
Normoxia, maintenance of 308
Nose 100, 613
bimanual digital palpation of 613f
lacerations 675
Numerical rating scale 12
Nursing Council Act, 1946 77
Nutrition 126, 407, 568
Nystagmus 355, 719
O
Obesity 107, 297, 345, 346, 383, 543
hypoventilation syndrome 137
massive 324, 330
morbid 107
Obstruction
acute 423, 427
chronic 423
complete 427
recurrent 695
simple 423
strangulated 423
subacute 423
Obstructive
airway disease, chronic 149, 273
lung disease, chronic 331
pulmonary disease, chronic 135, 142, 144, 150, 161, 164, 170, 184, 308, 322, 324, 328330, 339, 340, 341, 347, 349, 485
sleep disease, chronic 328
Obturator sign 412
Octreotide 747
Ocular
reflexes, loss of 728
scan 620f
Oculogyric crisis 719
Ofloxacin 454
Olfactory clues 718
Oliguria 20, 250, 728
Olodaterol 333
Oncologic emergencies, classification of 581t
One-hand technique 104, 104f
Open appendectomy 415
Open fractures 657, 659
impending 661
Opiates 104, 367, 719, 721723, 728, 731, 739, 743, 749
Opioid withdrawal syndrome 718
Optic neuritis 241, 719
Oral
anticoagulants 267
antidiabetics 299
antihypertensive agents 251t
cavity 100
clues 718
contraceptive 720
pills 500
glucose tolerance test 541
hypoglycemic drugs and insulin 473
manifestations, drug-induced 720t
mucosa 612, 688
rehydration therapy 528
Orbit 617
Organ
dysfunction 20
hypoperfusion 601
Organic brain syndrome 577
Organochlorines 753
Organophosphate 330, 720723, 731, 734, 739, 744, 753, 756f, 761t, 763b, 772t
compound 754t, 772
basic formula of 756f
induced neuropsychiatric disorder, chronic 759
pesticides 756f
Organophosphorus insecticide poisoning 753
Organs, movement of 648
Oropharyngeal airway 101, 102, 102f, 104
Oropharynx 99
Orthopedics 19
Orthopnea 226
Orthostasis 198
Osborn wave 280
Osmolal gap 160, 730
Osmotic diuresis 446
Osteoarthritis 576f
Osteopenia 438
Osteoporosis 438
Outflow tract obstruction 217
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest 91, 92
Ovarian
cancer, recurrent 695f
cyst 464
hemorrhagic cyst, ruptured 498
pregnancy 505
torsion 503
Ovary 447
Oxacillin 539
Oxcarbazepine 535
Oximes 747
Oxitropium 333
Oxydemeton methyl 754
Oxygen 748, 749
amount of 167
delivery of 311
devices 164, 166fc
displacement of 723
flow rates 166
inhalation 341
mask 165
partial pressure of 161, 554
requirement, assessment of 170fc
saturation 119
source 101
tension 158
therapy 164, 166fc, 333, 338
goals of 169
long-term 169
monitoring 170t
toxicity 169, 721
Oxygenation, assessment of 160
Oxyhemoglobin saturation 158
P
P wave
abnormal 724
characteristic of 238
Pacemaker
dysfunction 435
malfunction 197
mediated tachycardia 194
Packed red blood cell 156, 311
Pain 20, 173, 259, 260, 263, 457, 659, 745, 814
abdominal 12, 259, 250, 420, 438, 493, 650f, 790
acute 172
abdominal 693
assessment of 11, 173
categories 172
chronic 172
constant 425
control 407
failure 174
management 18, 367, 569, 603, 791
acute 172
nociceptive 172, 172f
pathway 173f
persistent 264
psychogenic 172
relief 672, 674
rib 185
signals, inhibition of 173
site of 424f
treatment of 174, 176t
Palatal weakness, ipsilateral 20
Palpate
entire face 612
peripheral pulses 683
Palpitations 193
Pamidronate 585
Pancreatic injuries 699
Pancreatitis 74, 183, 368, 438, 577, 585, 693, 696
acute 174, 273, 278, 404, 405, 407, 427, 439
Pancuronium 749
Panic attacks 193
Papillary
fibroelastomas 290
muscle 288f
dysfunction 217
rupture 223
Papilledema 250, 324
Papilloma 100
Paracetamol 176, 361, 739, 743, 744, 749
Paradox, abdominal 324
Paradoxical
agitation 731
embolism 289, 290
Paraldehyde 161, 719, 723, 729, 743
Paralysis 435, 629, 659
stages of 781
Paralytic ileus 423, 585, 738
Paranasal sinus 588
Paraphimosis 464
Paraproteinemia 446
Parasympathomimetics 719, 720
Parathyroid hormone 435, 438
Parenchymal lesions 625
Paresthesias 435, 659, 746
Parkinson's disease 368, 465, 732
Parkinsonism, drug-induced 732t
Parkland formula 807, 807b
Parotid duct injury 676f
Parotitis 720
Paroxysmal
positional vertigo, benign 354, 355, 359, 698
supraventricular tachycardia 239, 274, 275f
Partial rebreathing 166
mask 166, 168
Partial thromboplastin time, activated 267, 302, 377, 498
Parturition 484
Patent
ductus arteriosus 555
foramen ovale 289, 371
Peak expiratory flow rate 331
Pedestrian accidents 597
Pediatric
advanced life support 3
cardiac emergencies 552, 557
pain scale 174t
trauma score 599
Pelvic
endometriosis 341
examination 540
fractures 657
inflammatory disease 498, 502, 503
mass 464
organ prolapse 464
scan 648f
surgery, previous 502
volume 668f
Pelvis 668
fracture 664
unstable 602
Pemphigus vulgaris 570
Penicillamine 719, 720, 748
Penicillin G 539
Penile trauma 466
Peptic ulcer 394, 438
disease 186, 393
Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning 758
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 221, 295
Perforation
gastrointestinal 419
peritonitis, stages of 419
Pericardial
diseases 446
effusion 260, 273, 450
tamponade 305, 306f, 557, 559
Pericarditis 183, 184, 186, 577
Perimortem cesarean section delivery 516
Perineal cellulitis 515
Periorbital
injury, complex 676f
laceration, complex 676f
Peripheral
capillary oxygen saturation 73, 164, 164t, 170
vascular
disease 308
resistance 114
Peritoneal
dialysis 450, 740, 745
acute 443
peritonitis 451
Peritonitis 419b, 420b, 423, 427
etiology of 422t
medication of 422t
perforation 419, 420
postoperative 419
primary 419
secondary 419
signs of 425
tertiary 419
types of 422t
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia 240
Personality disorder 732
Pesticides 753
Pet dog bite 682f
Pethidine 734
Pharyngeal infection 330
Pharynx 100
Phencyclidine 249, 719, 720, 722, 728, 733, 734
toxicity 732
Phenformin 729
Phenobarbitone 720, 743
Phenol 719, 739, 744
Phenothiazines 193, 718720, 722, 723, 728, 732, 734, 739, 743
Phenthoate 754
Phentolamine 251, 252, 748
Phenylbutazone 568, 720, 744
Phenylephrine 114, 115, 220
hydrochloride 559
Phenylpropanolamine 722, 728
Phenytoin 388, 439, 535, 568, 719, 720, 734
Pheochromocytoma 194, 249, 438
Philadelphia collar 632f
Phimosis 464
Phlebitis, local 252
Phorate 754
Phosalone 754
Phosphamidon 754
Phosphates 439, 447
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors 333
Phosphorus 719, 749
burns 734
Photon emission computed tomography 759
Photophobia 538
Photosensitivity erythematous rashes over skin 577
Phoxim 754
Phrenic
nerve stimulation 247
palsy 161
Physostigma venenosum 766f
Physostigmine 748
Phytomenadione 748
Piperacillin 586
Piroxicam 175, 720
diclofenac 568
Pizotifen 361
Placenta
abruption of 515
previa 498, 515
Placental abruption 498
Plasma
biomarkers 442
cholinesterase 761t
exchange 443
osmolality 480
perfusion 740, 746
tonicity 431
Plasmapheresis 740, 745
circuit 746f
Platelets 587
Pleurisy 186, 297
Pneumomediastinum 330
Pneumonia 144, 162, 184, 186, 297, 315, 324, 330, 331, 336, 347, 365, 368, 400, 478, 529, 693, 697, 745
acute 337t
atypical 324
classification of 336
community-acquired 336, 338
evaluation of 338fc
hospital-acquired 336
lupus 577
nosocomial 336
pleuritis 183
treatment of 337
ventilator associated 336
Pneumonitis 336
Pneumoperitoneum 427, 653, 653f
Pneumothorax 161, 183, 184, 247, 297, 330, 331, 340, 342, 343, 347, 559t, 602, 642
classification of 341t
complicated 342
etiology of 341t
size of 341
small 341
spontaneous uncomplicated 342
treatment of 341
P-nitrophenol test 761
Poikilothermia 659, 728
Pointing sign 412
Poisoning
acute 757
assessment of 717
chronic 759
dermal manifestations of 720t
general management of 720
management of 717
Poisonous snake 789f
Poliomyelitis 465
Polyangiitis 316
nodosa 249
Polyarthritis 575
Polycystic ovary 498
syndrome 542
Polydioxanone 688
Polydipsia 435, 438, 585
Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes 492
Polymerase chain reaction 337
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 242, 276
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils 539
Polyneuropathy 759
Polypeptide 789
Polyps 498
Polytrauma 19, 21, 74, 595, 603, 605f, 624, 657, 667
Polyurea 438, 585
Portosystemic shunt 399
Positive airway pressure
bilevel 135, 774
continuous 135, 147, 166, 325, 332, 334
nasal mask, continuous 169f
Positive end-expiratory pressure 136, 148, 150, 302, 325, 799
Positive pressure ventilation 763
noninvasive 135137, 166, 332, 799
Positron emission tomography 583, 587
Postcardiac surgery 257
Postchest surgery 342
Postgastric bypass hypoglycemia 474
Posthypercapnia 162
Posthypocapnia 161, 729
Postintubation laryngeal edema 324
Postparathyroidectomy 439
Post-thrombolytic management 378
Post-traumatic tattooing 671f
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 198, 201
Potassium 112, 267, 743
hexacyanoferrate 748
permanganate 737
replacement 482
Pralidoxime 712, 763, 764
Prazosin 251
Pre-cardiac surgery evaluation 299
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act 77
Precordial catch syndrome 186
Prednisolone 333, 585
Pre-exposure prophylaxis 785
Pregnancy 100, 330, 345, 346, 414, 453, 484, 497, 729, 786, 814
toxemia of 446
Pre-natal diagnostic technique 36
Pressure
chronic retention, high 467
control 145f
gradients 143t
intra-abdominal 149
intracranial 149, 625, 625b
intraocular 363
intrapleural 142
intrapulmonary 142
regulated volume control 147
support ventilation 135, 136, 147, 147f, 334
systemic 316
time product 136
Presyncope 353
Primidone 535
Prinzmetal's angina 184
Procainamide 241
Procalcitonin 24, 122
serum 23
Profenofos 754
Progesterone 162, 729
serum 503
Progestin therapy 501
Progressive oliguria 227
Promethazine 361, 744, 749
Prominent taut triceps tendon 666f
Promyelocytic leukemia, acute 589
Propafenone 241
Propane 723
Propofol 625
infusion 388
Propoxyphene 361, 744
Propranolol 264, 361, 748
Prostaglandin therapy 556
Prostate 447
transurethral resection of 468
Prostatic
hyperplasia, benign 463, 464
hypertrophy, benign 447
Prostatitis 465
Protamine sulfate 748
Protein 539
Proteinuria 250, 794
Proteolytic enzyme 789
Prothrombin time 156, 267, 374
Protiolytic enzyme 789
Proton pump inhibitors 395
Proximal coronary artery 261
Pruritus 585
Prussian blue 712, 748
Pseudoaneurysm, femoral 247
Pseudohemoptysis 315
Pseudohyperkalemia 432, 435
Pseudohypoglycemia 475
Pseudohypoparathyroidism 439
Pseudomembranous colitis 527
Pseudomonas 491
aeruginosa 129
Psoas sign 412
Psoriasis 439
Psychiatric
care 749
medication 732
symptoms 187
syncope 198
Psychosis 438, 577, 731t, 732
Pubic
ramus fracture 609f
symphysis, diastasis of 667, 700f
Pulmonary edema
acute 253
noncardiogenic 721t
Pulmonary embolism 74, 117, 118, 162, 183, 184, 186, 247, 266, 284, 294, 295, 297, 330, 345, 345b, 346, 347, 347b, 347t, 348, 348f, 577, 697, 745
acute 270, 273, 278
massive 197, 290
pathophysiology of 346f
Pulmonary vein flow 286
diastolic velocity 286
Pulp
laceration 684f
repair 684f
Pulse
oximetry 609
pressure 118
narrow 20, 111, 227
rate 73
Puncture wounds 681
Purkinje fibers 238
Pyelography, intravenous 448, 458
Pyelonephritis 452
acute 452
chronic 249
Pylephlebitis 412
Pyoderma gangrenosum 567, 569, 570
Pyrexia 412
tachycardia hypotension 425
Pyridoxine 748
Pyuria 452
Q
QRS complex, abnormal 724
Q-sofa score 123f, 124f
QT interval, abnormal 725
Quadriparesis 20
Quaternary ammonium compounds 733
Quinalphos 754
Quinidine 739, 743, 744
Quinine 474, 719, 739, 743, 744
Quinolone antibiotics 474
R
Rabies 673, 783
control of 785
endemic countries 784t
pathogenesis of 782f
virus 780f
Radiation 721
Radical pelvic surgery 465
Radiculopathy, thoracic 186
Radiological disaster, management of 712f
Radionuclide scan 454
Radiosensitive tumors 583
Rain drop pigmentation 720
Raised intracranial pressure, prevention of 308
Random donor platelets concentrate 156
Rapid assessment
components of 18fc
team 7
Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test 782
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 577
Rasmussen's aneurysm 316
Raynaud's phenomenon pericarditis 577
Reaction level scale 722
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 698
Rectocele 464
Red blood cell 21, 396, 447, 460, 695, 759, 761t
Red cell transfusion 155, 435
Reed's classification 722
Reflex
syncope 197
management of 202t
tachycardia 252
Refractory
angina despite aggressive medical therapy 213
osteomyelitis, chronic 169
Rehabilitation, posthospital 596
Rehydration therapy 528
Renal disease 441, 458
Renal failure 112, 161, 226, 394, 400, 438, 439, 445, 475, 533, 738, 792
acute 112, 250, 253, 441, 794
advanced 431
chronic 696
Renal function test 330, 420, 468
Renal injury 649f, 652, 652f, 699
scale 649, 649f
Renal replacement therapy 126, 309, 443
continuous 443
indications of 443
Renal systems 728
Renal tubular acidosis 161, 439, 729
Renal vasoconstriction 446
Renal vein thrombosis 449
Replacement fluids 111
Reserpine 732
Respiration 21
Respiratory
acidosis
acute 161, 729
chronic 161, 729
center depression, chronic 729
crepts 118
disorder 159
metabolic compensation of 159
distress syndrome, acute 126, 130, 143, 144, 149, 150, 165, 322, 324, 325, 330, 775, 794
failure 250, 301, 312, 322, 324b, 365
acute 137, 322, 326
hypercapnic 164, 324
hypoxemic 164, 322, 323
postoperative 310
types of 310
high rate 20
illness, chronic 328
infection, upper 515
injuries 813
insufficiency 724
muscles, failure of 721
rate 13, 73, 86, 123, 147, 331, 600
system 728
pressure gradients of 142f
tract infection, upper 355
Resting skin tension lines 674
Resuscitation 18, 607
hypotensive 608
Retinal detachment 620f
Retinopathy 548
hypertensive 249
Retroperitoneal mass 464
Revised trauma score 599, 600t
Rhabdomyolysis 161, 438, 439, 450, 794
Rheumatoid arthritis, acute 174
Rheumatological disorder 575, 575f
Rhinosporidiosis 100
Rib fractures, multiple 602, 638
Richmond agitation sedation scale 367
Rifampin 539
Right lower quadrant pain 692
Ringer's lactate 19, 111, 112, 807
solution 154
Ring-of-fire appearance 411f
Road and air ambulance, disadvantages of 82b
Road traffic accident 632f, 672f, 676f, 678f, 680f, 685, 686f, 687f, 704
Rockall scoring system 394, 394b
Rocky Mountain spotted fever 567
Rocuronium 105
Rodenticides 753
Roller machine injury 685f
Rollover collisions 597
Romberg test 356
Rotary wing air transfer 78f, 81f
Rotavirus vaccine 526
Roundworm mass 423
Rovsing's sign 412
Rule of nine 805f
Ryle's tube 167, 737f
S
Sacral agenesis 465
Sacroiliac joint 667, 700f
Saddle anesthesia 630
Salazine 568
Salbutamol 333, 749
Salicylate 161, 162, 175, 330, 720, 721, 723, 728, 729, 739, 743, 744
syndrome 718
Salivation 367
Salmeterol 333
Salmonella 529
enteritidis 523
gastroenteritis 527, 529
Salpingectomy 504
Salt triage scheme 16fc
Sarcoid 446
Sarcoidosis 492
histiocytosis hemochromatosis 492
Scalp 677
avulsion 678f, 679f
defect 679f
wound 625
Scapular fracture 639
Schistosomiasis 447
Schizophrenia 732
Scleritis 577
Scleroderma 446
Scleromalacia perforans 577
Sclerosis, systemic 249
Scorpion sting 733
Seat belt
fractures 630, 631, 632f
sign 650
Sedative hypnotic syndrome 718
Seizures 250, 324, 365, 367, 439, 577, 626, 730
causes of 534, 534t
classification of 532fc
partial 535
post-traumatic 624
prevention of 308
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 267, 718
Selenium 719
Sensation, loss of 629
Sensorimotor 372
Sensory
dysfunction 629
loss 20
Sepsis 19, 20t, 110, 118, 122, 125, 130, 162, 330, 365, 441, 446, 478, 569, 729, 794
assessment of 123f
cascade 20
development of 122fc
evaluation 23
fluid therapy of 129
induced-myocardia dysfunction 224
kills 128
management of 127, 128b
mortality rate of 124f
protocols, management of 125
puerperal 12
severe 20, 23, 122f
sources of 441
symptoms 126f
Septic
portal vein thrombosis 412
shock, fluid management of 130fc
Sequential organ failure assessment score 125t
Serotonin
noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors 267
syndrome 718
serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin 503
Sexual assault cases 27
Sexually transmitted disease 42
Sheep farmers disease 759
Shellfish poisoning 721, 733
Shigella 529
dysentery 529
Shock 20, 110, 115, 116, 144, 164, 216, 223, 438, 491, 553, 775, 790, 792, 794
anaphylactic 117, 749
cardiogenic 115, 121, 144, 216, 217b, 217f, 217t, 218fc, 218t, 220t, 221fc, 222, 222t, 349, 365, 446
causes of 118t
distributive 116, 121
electric 516
etiopathophysiology of 117
hemorrhagic 144, 273, 378
hypovolemic 111, 111t, 112, 115, 120
initial assessment of 119fc
management of 20, 113fc, 118, 120fc
obstructive 115, 121
overview of 117
pathophysiology of 125fc
severe dehydration 528
spinal 629
syncope 493
types of 118t, 119, 119f, 119t, 216f
Shoulder 664
dislocation, anterior 665f
dystocia, general management of 512
external rotation of 665f
posterior dislocation of 665f
Shrinking lung syndrome 577
Shy-Drager syndrome 198, 465
Sialadenitis 720
Sialorrhea 720
Sick sinus syndrome 193, 234, 240
Sickle cell disease 186
Silibinin 749
Simple triage and rapid transport system 709, 710fc
Sinoventricular rhythm 280f
Sinus 612
arrest 234
bradycardia 233, 561, 722, 737
node 238, 240
abnormalities of 233
dysfunction 277f
pause 234
rhythm 277f, 278f, 280f
electrocardiogram of 275f
tachycardia 193, 239, 274, 278f, 279f, 722
Skeletal injury, serious 657
Skin 26, 400, 446, 577, 734
degloving of 661f
discoloration 241
diseases 793
failure, acute 567
injuries 812
intraoral 678
rashes 575
Skull
base fracture 626
fracture 624
Sleep apnea, obstructive 135, 137
Small bowel
injury 653, 653f
obstruction 423, 424, 426f, 694, 695f
Snake bite 721, 723, 788, 790, 791f, 792
management of 790, 792
victims, late presentation of 792
Snake venom, components of 788
Society of Thoracic Surgeons 309
Sodium 112
bicarbonate 730b, 749
chloride 130
glucose co-transporter 478
nitrite 748
nitroprusside 251, 252, 264, 748
salicylate 748
sulfate 737
thiosulfate 737, 748
valproate 720
Soft tissue 634
edema 620f
infections 400
Solid serosal tumor implant 695f
Somatic pain 172
Somatostatin analogs 395
Sorbitol, dose of 738
Sore throat 170
Sotalol 241
Speckle tracking echocardiography 282
Spills, decontamination of 762
Spina bifida occulta 465
Spinal cord 21, 635
compression 581, 582, 583f, 590
hematoma 465
injury 161, 447, 629
prevention of 635
trauma 465, 634
Spinal injury
modes of 629
sites of 631f
types of 630f
Spinal trauma
clues of 629
emergency evaluation of 634
Spine 668
boards 633
pain 632
thoracic 639
trauma
radiological evaluation of 634
X-ray of 635f
Spironolactone 161
Splenic CT injury grading scale 651
Splenic injury 650f, 651f, 699
Split-mix regimen 544
Spondyloarthritis 577
Spontaneous pneumothorax
primary 184, 340, 341
secondary 340, 341
ST elevation myocardial infarction 205, 273, 281
Stabilization 720, 721
Stagnant hypoxia 165
Stanford classification 257
Staphylococcal skin syndrome 567
Staphylococcus
aureus 129, 336, 523, 570
infections 491
saprophyticus 453
Starvation 729
Status epilepticus 365, 386, 387, 387t, 388, 388t, 389, 531, 532, 731t
causes of 533
convulsive 386
management of 387
nonconvulsive 386
refractory 386, 388, 388t
Stenosis 296f
critical pulmonary 554
severe pulmonary 290
spinal 465
Sterilization 502
Steroids 365, 394, 585
administration 729
induced psychosis 575
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 567569, 569f
Stomach wash 736
Stomatitis 720
Stool polymorphonuclear neutrophils 528
Street virus 780, 781
Streptococcus
agalactiae 539
pneumoniae 129, 523, 537
viridans 412
Streptokinase 221
Stress
cardiomyopathy 184
testing, noninvasive 212
ulcer 126
Stroke 19, 20fc, 24, 74, 144, 263, 301, 307, 308, 330, 345, 365, 368, 372, 383fc, 464, 577
acute 370, 370f, 371, 371b, 374, 374b, 375, 376, 376f, 698
clinical features of 20t
cryptogenic 383, 383fc
hemorrhagic 380
irreversible 263
ischemic 112, 249, 266, 370, 371t, 378
management 372
syndromes, types of 372
volume 112, 113
Strychnine 721, 728, 731, 733, 734, 739, 743
ST-segment elevation
myocardial infarction 206t, 208, 217
noninfarction causes of 278b
Stump appendicitis 412
Stupor 438
Subcutaneous insulin infusion, continuous 542, 544, 547
Substance abuse 185, 798
Subtraction angiography, digital 308, 376, 377f
Succinylcholine 105
Sudden death 347, 557
Suicide gesture 722
Sulfadoxine 568
Sulfonamides 474, 568, 718, 721
Sulfonylurea 474
receptor 474
Sulfuric acid 801f
Sumatriptan 361
Sunburns 801
Sunken
eyes 527
fontanelle 527
Super-refractory status epilepticus 388, 388t
Supine roll test 356
Supracondylar fracture humerus 658f
Supraglottic devices 103, 105
Supraorbital rim 612
Supraventricular tachycardia
preexcited 276
treatment of 240
Surgery 319, 346, 349, 397, 400, 446, 735, 740
abdominal 419
gastrointestinal 19
route of 504
thoracic 19
Suturing equine rabies immunoglobulins 784
Sweating 110, 367
Swinging heart 288
Sympathomimetics 367, 731
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation 146, 146f
Syncope 184, 196, 236, 263, 290, 349, 582
mimics 196
neurologic 198
risk stratification of 200fc
types of 197f
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 432, 433, 585
Systemic envenomation, signs of 791
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 20, 122, 405, 420, 420f, 601
T
T wave, abnormal 725
Tabes dorsalis 465
Table fan injury 686f
Tachyarrhythmias 238, 239fc, 273, 274, 303, 553, 559, 726
classification of 274fc
narrow complex 240fc
Tachycardia 20, 24, 197, 239, 240, 240t, 252, 324, 337, 367, 420, 650f, 722
monomorphic ventricular 242, 275
narrow complex 560
supraventricular 195, 201, 238241, 274, 561f
Tachypnea 20, 334, 337, 577
Takayasu arteritis 558
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy 184
Tamponade, echocardiographic signs of 305
Tardive dyskinesia 732, 733
Tazobactam 586
Tellurium 719
Temephos 754
Temperature 13
high 20
low 20
Temporary pacing 244
complications of 246, 247b
procedure 245
pulse generator 246f
types of 244
Temporomandibular joint 698
dislocation 617, 617f
traditional method of 618f
Tenderness, abdominal 425
Tendon injury 672
Tenecteplase 221
Tension
headache 361
treatment of 361
pneumothorax 117, 118, 186, 301, 304, 340, 610f
Terbutaline 333
Terrorist attacks 704
Tetanus toxoid 673
Tetany 439, 746
Tetracycline 267, 719, 720, 739
Tetralogy of Fallot 554
Texidor's twinge 186
Thallium 719
Theophylline 193, 267, 333, 720, 722, 731, 739, 743, 744
toxicity 438
Thermoregulation, impaired 728
Thermoregulatory dysfunction 484, 567
Thiamine 365, 726
Thiazide diuretics 431, 438, 721
Thiocyanates 743
Thiodicarb 766
Thiometon 754
Thiopental sodium 388
Thioridazine 720
Thoracentesis 341
Thoracic aorta, descending 262, 262f, 263f
Thoracoplasty 324
Thoracotomy 643b
Thorax 21
Thready pulse 111
Three-tier triage scales 11
Thresher injury 686f
Thrombasthenia 315
Thrombectomy, mechanical 380
Thrombocytopenia 267, 315, 368, 577, 744, 745, 794
Thrombocytosis 368
Thromboelastography 303
Thromboembolism 446
pulmonary 484
Thrombolysis 206, 377
concept of 377f
in myocardial infarction risk score 206
calculation of 207f
intra-arterial 379
Thrombophlebitis 515
Thromboplastin, partial 302
Thrombosis 370, 446, 743
episode, acute 575
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 577
Thrombus, left ventricular 289
Thyroid
dysfunction 241, 365, 498
emergencies 483
function test 368, 432
gland hormones, pathophysiology of 483f
hormone 728
replacement 488
nodules, autonomous 484
stimulating hormone 483, 548, 570
storm 368, 483, 484b, 484t, 794
Thyrostatic 485
drugs, withdrawal of 484
Thyrotoxic storm 485f
Thyrotoxicosis 438
Thyroxine 483, 722
Tiagabine 535
Tiotropium 333
Tissue
adhesives 687
binding 742
catabolism 435
defect, large 671
hypoxia, conditions of 164
transglutaminase 548
Tobramycin 539
Tocopherol 748, 749
Toluidine blue 748
Tongue 679, 688
blade test 617f
laceration of 619f, 680f
Tonic-clonic status epilepticus, generalized 534t
Topical bronchoscopic therapy 318
Topiramate 535
Toraymyxin 444
Torsades de pointes 561f
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 555, 556
Total parenteral nutrition 131
Total weak acid buffers 162
Toxic
conversion, reduced 746
epidermal necrolysis 567, 568, 568t, 569f
exposure surveillance system 735
ingestion 330
megacolon 527
ophthalmological manifestations 719t
respiratory depression 721t
substance 365
syndromes 718b
Toxicity rating 753, 765
Toxicokinetics 755
Toxidromes 717, 718b
Toxin
adsorption of 739t
drugs 217
endogenous 446
T-piece 168
Trachea 100
Tracheal obstruction 100
Tracheal tube 318f
erosion of 315
Tracheobronchial injuries 640
Tracheoinnominate fistula 319
Tracheomalacia 100
Tracheostomy 341
tube 135
Tramadol 175, 176
Tranexamic acid 21
Transairway pressure 142, 143
Transalveolar pressure 143
Transcutaneous pacing 246
Transesophageal echocardiography 261, 263, 284, 301, 697
Transfusion protocol, massive 153, 154, 156, 156fc
Transient ischemic attack 198, 210, 355, 372, 374, 577
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt 395
Transplantation of Human Organs Act 77
Transpulmonary pressure 142, 143
Transthoracic
echocardiography 260, 284
needle aspiration 315, 341
pressure 142, 143
Transtubular potassium gradient 432
Transvaginal ultrasound 503, 698
Transvenous pacing 244, 245
Transverse myelitis 465, 577
Trauma 13, 19, 65, 100, 107, 111, 118, 174, 257, 342, 365, 405, 419, 446, 465, 484, 498, 798
abdominal 646, 653, 654f, 738
blunt 596, 648
complex 657
mortality 605
multiple 19
penetrating 597, 648
scoring system 599
spinal 629, 632, 633f, 700
system, basics of 595
team 19
activation criteria, modified 602
thoracic 637
Traumatic brain injury 601, 622, 622fc, 625t
pathophysiology of 622
Treacher Collins syndrome 100
Tremor 241, 439
drug-induced 733t
Trendelenburg position 724
Treponema pallidum 537
Triage early warning score 12, 13t
Triazophos 754
Trichlorphon 754
Tricuspid
endocarditis 315
regurgitation 219, 285
valve injury 247
Tricyclic antidepressants 721, 722, 734, 744
Trientine 748
Triethylenetetramine 748
Triiodothyronine 483
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 454, 539, 720
Triorthocresyl phosphate 756
Triple rule out protocol 297, 297b
Tripod fracture 615f
Triptans 362
Troponins 211
Trousseau's sign 407, 439
True volume depletion 431
Truncus arteriosus 556, 557
Tuberculosis 315, 427, 447, 697
fungal infection 492
meningococcal disease 492
Tubo-ovarian abscess 503
Tubular necrosis, acute 447, 449
Tubulointerstitial injury 446
Tumor 10, 447, 693
atrial 217
intra-abdominal 447
lysis syndrome 581, 584, 584b, 585t, 587589, 589fc
mass compressing superior vena cava 582f
necrosis factor 538, 590
Two-hand technique 104, 104f
U
U wave, abnormal 725
Ulcer 419
disease 183, 394
Ultrasound 103, 105, 107, 453, 499
abdomen 420
Umbilical cord prolapse 514
management of 514fc
Unithiol 748
Upper limb 174
crush injury 656f
Urea 432
cycle 399
Uremia 161, 368, 729
Uremic encephalopathy 450
Ureteral ligation 447
Ureterojejunostomy 435
Ureteropelvic shunt 161
Urethra 452
Urethral valves, posterior 447
Urethritis 452, 465
Uric acid 446, 447
Urinary
biomarkers 442
bladder 452
calculi 503
catheters 609
indices 448
retention 367
acute 463, 464, 464t, 465t, 466t, 467, 468fc
bladder 365
postoperative 465
pregnancy-associated 465
sodium concentration 432
tract extrinsic causes, upper 447
tract infections 365, 400, 452, 453, 457, 460, 465, 478, 515, 521, 529, 696
classification of 452
management of 454
tract intrinsic causes, upper 447
tract obstruction 453
Urine
anion gap 160
culture 453, 458
cytology 458
examination 456, 528
leakage 699
output, low 20
routine microscopy 447
visual examination 791
Urodynamic parameters 464
Urolithiasis 464
Uropathy, obstructive 368
Urosepsis 452, 453
Urticaria 570, 571
Uterine
artery embolization 500
bleeding, dysfunctional 498
curettage 500, 502
displacement 516
fibroid 464
inversion 498
prolapse 464
Uterus 447
Uveitis 577
V
Vacuum-assisted closure 662
Vagal maneuver 240
Vaginal
bleeding 12, 497
abnormal 698
breech delivery maneuvers 513
lichen
planus 465
sclerosis 465
pemphigus 465
Valproate 361, 388, 535
Valsalva square wave 226
Valve surgery 308
Valvular
disease 118, 194, 226, 446
dysfunction 330
heart disease 217, 285
pulmonary stenosis, severe 555
Vancomycin 539, 568, 586
Varicella zoster virus 465
Vasa previa 498
Vascular
injury 657, 667f, 684
amputation 603
relaxation 749
resistance
pulmonary 119
systemic 113, 119
surgery 19
Vasculature, pulmonary 324
Vasculitis 370, 446, 449, 571, 571f, 575, 577, 578
Vasoactive
agents 113, 220
drugs 114t, 120
pharmacology of 114t
Vasopressin 220, 230
Vasopressor 113, 115, 116, 129, 442
Vasovagal syncope 201
Veins 446
Vena cava syndrome, superior 581
Venography 448
Venomous snake 788
classification of 788
Veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary 324
Venous
hypertension, pulmonary 557f
thromboembolic disease 23
thromboembolism 131, 345
thrombosis 247, 345
Ventilation 95b, 148, 603, 606, 607
dual modes of 147
initiation of 147
intermittent mandatory 146
modes of 144
noninvasive 135, 137, 311, 325, 332, 334
Ventricular
arrhythmia 217, 222, 247, 728, 749
complexes, premature 241
contractions, premature 726
drain, external 382
dysfunction 556, 557
ejection fraction, right 220
end-diastolic pressure, right 217, 218
fibrillation 203, 304
hypertrophy 217
myocardial infarction, right 219, 220, 223, 285, 287
septal
defects 193, 556
rupture 217, 222, 223, 288
tachyarrhythmias 290
tachycardia 238241, 274, 276f, 277f, 304
nonsustained 201
pulseless 97
stable 304
unstable 304
Ventriculitis 537
Venturi
device 168f
principle 168f
system 168
Verapamil 241, 720
Verbal pain score 12
Vermilion border 677, 679f
Vero cell rabies vaccine, purified 784
Vertebral
arteries 371
bodies spine process 634
column 21
Vertigo 353
acute 354, 359fc
peripheral 355, 355t
Very high-capacity systems 165
Vesicoureteral reflux 453
Vessel
atherosclerosis, large 371
disease, small 370
large 446
perforation 745
vasculopathy, small 371
Vestibular nucleus, connections of 354f
Vestibulo-ocular reflex 356
Video laryngoscope 102, 103, 107, 107f
Video-assisted thoracic surgery 643
Vinblastine 585
Vincristine 585
Violent behavior, types of 732
Viperidae 788
Viral
culture 540
infections 446
meningitis 540
Virchow's triad 345, 346t
Viscera, abdominal 700
Visceral malperfusion 258
Viscus, perforation of 745
Vision
blurred 719
loss, sudden 577
Visual
analogue scale 12
disturbances 790
field defects 250
Vital signs 13, 187, 330
Vitamin
A 719
B12 365
deficiency 493
B6 748
D 435, 719
deficiency 439, 558
supplementation 436
K1 748
syrups 720
Vitiligo 493
Vocal cord paralysis 324
Voice, hoarseness of 582, 804
Volar skin graft 685f
Volvulus 423
Vomiting 94, 110, 111, 162, 170, 184 250, 252, 362, 367, 400, 420, 424, 431, 438, 446, 493, 526, 530t, 585, 624, 717, 740, 745, 790
causes of 526
persistent 528
severe 110
Vulvovaginitis, acute 465
W
Wall Motion Score Index 282
Wallenberg's syndrome 20, 372
Warm extremities 111, 324
Waste disposal 77f
Water deprivation test 435t
Weaning 138, 170, 222
Wedge pressure, pulmonary 219
Wegener's granulomatosis 316
Wells score 347, 347b
Wernicke's encephalopathy 365
Wheezing 439, 804
Whipple's triad 473
White blood cell 20, 523, 528, 539, 583
Whole bowel irrigation 735, 739
Wide complex tachycardia 241
Wide pulse pressure 111, 259
Wild life rabies 780
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 199, 239241, 273, 280f
Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale 12, 174f
Wound 670
care 684, 784
characteristics 681
closure 681
extent of 672
infection 12
management 673, 808
medicolegal classification of 25
preparation 73
primary closure of 673f
triage 689fc
X
Xanthines 731
Xerostomia 720
Y
Young stroke 575
Z
Zinc
metalloproteinase 788
phosphide 719
sulfate 736
Zoledronic acid 585
Zona
fasciculata 490
glomerulosa 490
reticularis 490
Zonisamide 535
Zygoma 675
Zygomatic arch 612
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Chapter Notes

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