Perioperative care is the care that is given before and after surgery. Perioperative care is based on individual as well as general recommendations. Many drugs can interact with anesthetic drugs or have adverse effects during or after surgery. This chapter covers the perioperative check list, types of surgery with example, intraoperative complications, and postoperative complications. Intraoperative complications include anaphylactic reaction, nausea/vomiting, hypoxia, hypothermia, and malignant hyperthermia. Postoperative complications include neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, wound, and urinary.