A
Abortion, threatened 54
Acquired uterine anomalies 28
Activated partial thromboplastin time 70
Adverse pregnancy outcomes 116
AES See Androgen excess society
AFI See Amniotic fluid index
Allograft inflammatory factor-1 46
Amniotic fluid index 8f
Androgen Excess Society 107
Anembryonic pregnancy 16
Anemia 152
Antibiotic treatment 142
Antinuclear antibodies, test for 150
APA syndrome, treatment of 69
APL syndrome See Antiphospholipid syndrome
APLA See Antiphospholipid antibody
APTT See Activated partial thromboplastin time
Arcuate uterus 27
Asherman's syndrome 31
Aspirin plus heparin therapy 72
Aspirin/heparin 71
B
Beta human chorionic gonadotropin 10
Blighted ovum 81
BMI See Body mass index
Body mass index 143
Body's immune response 117
C
Cadherins 62
Calcium-dependent adhesion 62
Cardiac motion, detecting 9
Central nervous system 83
Chimerism 80
Chinese herbal medicine 143
Chromosomal rearrangements, types of 83t
CNS See Central nervous system
Collin's knife 24
Conceptus alive 149
Congenital abnormalities 102
Corpus luteum flow 16
Coxiella burnetii 125
Cushing's syndrome 107
Cystathionine beta-synthase 43
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator 78
Cytochrome 105
D
DES See Diethylstilbestrol
Destructive cytokines 6
Diabetes 95
Didelphys 23
Doppler findings 16
Doppler in early pregnancy loss, qualitative observations on 16t
Dydrogesterone 102
Dysmenorrhea 17
E
Early fetal loss and malformation 86b
Early pregnancy failure, diagnosing 4
Ectopic pregnancy 26
Efficient syncytiotrophoblasts system 66
Embryo 45
Embryonic heart rate 10
Embryonic tissues 80
Endocrinal factors 139
Endometrial cavities, separate 24f
Endometrium, benign growths from 28
Endoscopy 20
European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy Consensus on Diagnosis 18
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 18
F
Female genital anomalies 18
Fetal
autopsy 87
cardiac activity 9
demise
at miscarriage 149
ultrasonographic features of 4
growth restriction 26
heart rate 11t
loss, etiological causes of 88
malformations 84
medicine expert 90
microchimerism, phenomenon of 48
pathology workups 87
pole, absent 109f
tissue 88
sampling for genetic evaluation 88
sampling techniques 89b
trophoblasts 49
Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, quantitative 89
G
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 117f
Genetic causes, investigative workup for 85
Genetic counseling 90
Genital mycoplasma 125
Glucocorticoids 141
GnRH See Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 63
GPER See G protein-coupled estrogen receptor
Graft-versus-host diseases 48
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 46
H
hCG See Human chorionic gonadotropin
Hematoxylin 87
Hemochorial pregnancy 45
HER See Embryonic heart rate
Histocompatibility complex 45
HIV See Human immunodeficiency virus
Homocysteine 43
Human leukocyte antigen 47
Human menopausal gonadotropin 104
Human T-lymphotropic virus 121
Hydatidiform mole, partial 79
Hyperhomocysteinemia 43
Hyperprolactinemia 94
Hypersensitivity cells, delayed-type 55
Hypertension, chronic 66
Hypoimmunogenic embryo 47
Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography 19
Hysterosalpingography 18
Hysteroscopy 20
I
Immune factors 141
Immunology 130
Immunomodulatory effects 73
Implantation failure 81
Incompetent gonadotropin-releasing hormone activity 63
Infertility 3
Interleukin 46
IUGRs See Intrauterine growth retardations
IVF See In vitro fertilization
L
LAC See Lupus anticoagulant
Laparoscopic encerclage 35
Leukocyte transfusions 72
LH-releasing hormone 105
Listeria monocytogenes 122
Living organism 1
Lupus anticoagulant 143
M
Male hormones 103
Maternal lymphatic systems 45
Maternal lymphomyeloid cells 47
Maternal protector systems and pregnancy, paralysis of 46
MCA See Middle cerebral artery
Medicine, evidence-based 135
Messenger ribonucleic acid 46
Methionine synthase 43
Methylenetetrahydrofolate 43
Methyltetrahydrofolate 144
Micro ribonucleic acid 117
Miracle of paradox 67
early 81
increased risk of 27
medical treatments for 145
partner specificity in 54
post-treatment 25
Müllerian abnormalities 17
Müllerian anomalies 23
Müllerian fusion 25
Myometrium, benign growths from 28
N
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Guidelines 138
Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet 24
Neonatal intensive care unit 37
Neural tube defect 79
NICU See Neonatal intensive care unit
Nitric oxide synthase 2 46
NK cell See Natural killer cell
Nonfertile menstrual cycle 97
Nonimmunological basis 55
O
Oocytes, abnormalities in 78
Oogenesis, abnormal 78
Organisms associated with spontaneous miscarriages 122t
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 99
Oxygen species, reactive 80
P
Parental chromosomal rearrangements 138
Parental karyotyping 90
PCOS See Polycystic ovarian syndrome
PIH See Pregnancy-induced hypertension
Placental abruption 43
Platelets 59
Polymerase chain reaction 124
Poor prognostic indicators 10
Preeclampsia 42
Pregnancy
abnormal 16
eight weeks 110f
causes of 117
nine weeks 111f
seven weeks of 7f
six weeks 109f
test, false-positive 149
with gestational sac, abnormal 4
Premature rupture of membranes 122
Preterm births, prevent 102
Preterm delivery 17
and human chorionic gonadotropins supplementation 98
and recurrent spontaneous miscarriages 96
levels, low 96
receptor modulator 30
supplementation 140
Protects fetus 45
Proximal cervix, funneling of 33f
Psychology 130
Psychotherapist 133
Pyridoxine 43
R
RCTs See Randomized controlled trials
Recurrent early pregnancy loss 96
Recurrent pregnancy miscarriage, immunology of 42
Robotic encerclage 35
RPL See Recurrent pregnancy loss
S
Saline infusion sonography 143
Segmental müllerian agenesis-hypoplasia 23
Septate uterus 23
Sildenafil 73
Singleton versus twins 33
SIS See Saline infusion sonography
SLE See Systemic lupus erythematosus
Spermatogenesis, abnormal 79
Spontaneous resolution 65
Strassman metroplasty 26
Subclinical hyperthyroidism 96
Submucous fibroids 29f
Superoxide anion radical 80
Syndromes 84
Systemic lupus erythematosus 44
T
TAS See Transabdominal sonography
Teratogens and environmental factors 80
Testosterone 103
Three-dimensional ultrasonography 19
Thrombomodulin 60
Thromboxane prostacyclin mechanism, disruption of 60
Toxoplasmosis 121
Transabdominal sonography 5
Transforming growth factor-beta 52
Transvaginal sonography 5
Trophoblastic flow 16
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha 46
Two well-formed cervices 36f
Two-dimensional ultrasonography 19