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OCT Angiography
Sanja Sefić Kasumović
CHAPTER 1:
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE HEALTHY RETINA
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE HEALTHY RETINA
OCTA OF A HEALTHY EYE IN A 24-YEAR-OLD PATIENT
OCTA OF A HEALTHY EYE IN AN 82-YEAR-OLD PATIENT
ANALYSIS OF CAPILLARY LAYERS USING OCTA ANGIOANALYTICS
Flow Area
Nonflow Area or Vascular Dropout Area
Flow Density Map
OCTA COMPARISON TO FLUORESCEIN AND INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 2:
Choroidal Neovascularization
INTRODUCTION
ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
TYPES OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION
DIAGNOSTICS
Detection of Choroidal Neovascularizations by the OCTA
MORPHOLOGICAL FORMS OF NEOVASCULARIZATIONS
EXAMPLES OF EYES WITH NEOVASCULARIZATION SHOWN BY THE OCTA
THERAPY
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Inhibitors of VEGF
Bevacizumab (Avastin®)
Ranibizumab (Lucentis®)
Aflibercept (Eylea®)
CHAPTER 3:
Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPY
CHAPTER 4:
Neovascular/Exudative/Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPY
CHAPTER 5:
Central Serous Retinopathy (Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, CSCR, CSR)
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPY
CHAPTER 6:
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
THERAPY
CHAPTER 7:
Diabetic Retinopathy
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL DIABETIC RETINOPATHY DISEASE SEVERITY SCALE ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND NONPROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Hard Exudates
Hemorrhages
Macular Edema
Diffuse Edema
Cystoid Macular Edema
Serous Foveal Detachment
THE PROGRESSION OF A NONPROLIFERATIVE INTO A PROLIFERATIVE FORM OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY—SPLIT-SPECTRUM AMPLITUDE-DECORRELATION ANGIOGRAPHY PROTOCOL
NONPROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
PREPROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
THERAPY
CHAPTER 8:
Degenerative Myopia
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
TREATMENT
CHAPTER 9:
Retinal Artery Occlusion
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIAGNOSTICS
TREATMENT
CHAPTER 10:
Retinal Vein Occlusion
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPY
CHAPTER 11:
Synchysis Scintillans (Cholesterolosis)
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
TREATMENT
CHAPTER 12:
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
TREATMENT
CHAPTER 13:
Epiretinal Membrane, Cellophane Maculopathy, and Macular Pucker
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPY
CHAPTER 14:
Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
TREATMENT
CHAPTER 15:
Macular Pseudohole
INTRODUCTION
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
EXAMPLES OF EYES WITH THE MACULAR PSEUDOHOLE SHOWN BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
THERAPY
CHAPTER 16:
Lamellar Macular Hole
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiology and Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostics
Therapy
CHAPTER 17:
Full Thickness Macular Hole, Stage 4
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiology and Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostics
Therapy
CHAPTER 18:
Retinal Detachment
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiology and Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostics
Therapy
CHAPTER 19:
Toxoplasmic Chorioretinitis
INTRODUCTION
Etiology and Epidemiology
Symptoms and Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostics
Treatment
CHAPTER 20:
Albinism
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiology and Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostics
Treatment
CHAPTER 21:
X-linked Juvenile Retinoschisis
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiology and Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostics
Treatment
CHAPTER 22:
Radiation Retinopathy
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPY
CHAPTER 23:
Glaucoma
INTRODUCTION
ANALYSIS OF PERIPAPILLARY CAPILLARY NETWORK BY OCTA
OPTIC DISK VASCULARIZATION
GLAUCOMA
Healthy Eye without Glaucoma Presented with OCTA (Figs. 23.3 and 23.4)
Eye with Mild Glaucoma Presented with OCTA (Figs. 23.5 and 23.6)
Eye with Moderate Glaucoma Presented with OCTA (Figs. 23.7 and 23.8)
Eye with Severe Glaucoma Presented with OCTA (Figs. 23.9 to 23.19)
Chronic Angular Glaucoma Presented by OCTA (Figs. 23.20 to 23.23)
Secundar Post-traumatic Glaucoma Presented by OCTA (Figs. 23.24 to 23.26)
Congenital Glaucoma Presented by OCTA (Figs. 23.27 and 23.28)
Neovascular Glaucoma Presented by OCTA (Figs. 23.29 to 23.33)
CHAPTER 24:
Optic Neuritis and Papilledema
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DIAGNOSTICS
THERAPY
TOC
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