A
A wave 144
Acquisition angle 193
Acquisition plane 193
Acquisition time 193
Adenosine 241
American Academy of Pediatrics 280
Amphetamines 223
Aneuploidy, overall rate of 254t
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection 118
Antiarrhythmic drugs 238t
Antibodies, autoimmune 21
Antiepileptic medications 251
Antihistaminic 232
Anxiety 223
atretic 89
critical-severe coarctation of 59
maximum velocity of 147t
overriding 95f
pulmonary window 70
wall of 45f
Aortic annulus 64
Aortic arch 22, 56, 62, 63, 107, 110, 113, 115f, 173, 202–204, 206, 208–211, 211f, 212, 213, 213f, 215
anomalies 53
color Doppler sonography of 23
hypoplasia of 279
view, evaluation of 23
Aortic override 96
Aortic pulmonary valve stenoses 53
Aortic sac 3
Aortic width 64
Arch view 44
Arrhythmic syndromes 232
Arterial pole 3
Arterial switch procedure 103
Arterial tortuosity syndrome 48
Arteriovenous anastomoses 179f
Atretic left inlet valve 81
Atretic mitral valve 89
Atrial appendages 63
Atrial chamber size 22
Atrial contraction 157
Atrial dilatation 227
Atrial ectopic beats 225
Atrial isomerism 234
Atrial muscle reentry 227
Atrial myocardium, enhanced automaticity of 227
Atrial natriuretic peptide 179
Atrial septectomy 60
Atrial septum 22
Atrial ventricular M-mode tracings 228
Atrial wall, mechanical irritation of 227
Atrioventricular conduction disease 227
Atrioventricular junction, evaluation of 20
Atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia 240
Atrium, enlargement of 48
Autosomal dominant 264
Autosomal recessive 264
Azygos 5
B
Balloon atrial septostomy 60
Baltimore-Washington infants study 259
Beta natriuretic peptide 162
Beta-mimetics 223
Bidirectional color flow 97f
Blood viscosity 136
Blue spells 100
B-mode 218
Body mass index 13
Bovine jugular vein 295
Brachiocephalic vein 120
Brain natriuretic peptide 179
Brugada syndrome 232
Bulbus cordis 3
C
Carbamazepine 13
Cardiac apex 19
Cardiac conduction system, development of 4
Cardiac defects 247
Cardiac dysfunction 243
Cardiac malformations 256
Cardiac myocytes 4
Cardiac position, abnormal 21
Cardiac remodeling 161
Cardiac structures, measurements of 58f
Cardiac valves, development of 4
Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 264
restrictive 218
Cardiosplenic syndromes 254
Cardiovascular adaptations 174
Cardiovascular adaption 167
Cardiovascular score 182
Cavum septum pellucidum 134
Char syndrome 264
Choanal atresia 249
Cholestasis 247
Chorioamnionitis 223
Chorionic villus sampling 248
Circle of Willis 136f
Cleft palate 250
Cocaine 223
Colobomata 249
Color Doppler 201
Color-box scale 22
Community-wide Fetal Cardiology Program 274
Congenital long QT syndrome 227
Conjoined intracardiac malformations 270
Connective tissue disorder 74
Conotruncal abnormalities 272
Conotruncal anomalies 255
Conotruncal defects 3
Conotruncal malformations 118
Conotruncal ridges 3
Conotruncal septum 3
Contractile appearance 89
Cor triatriatum 81
Cord blood 241
Costello syndrome 264
Cot death 235
Cyanosis, persistent 291
D
Diaphragmatic hernia 15
DiGeorge syndrome 270
Dilatation 108
Dioxins 251
Dizziness 238
Ductal anomalies 48
Ductal flow, reversed 48
Doppler for screening of fetal heart defects 29f
peak systolic velocity index 144t
triphasic blood flow pattern of 139f
waveform, abnormal 22
Duplication syndromes 264
Dysgenesis 5
Dysrhythmias 297
E
E wave 144
Ear anomalies 249
Ebstein's malformation 299
Echocardiography 18
Edward syndrome 264
Electrocardiography 185
Enteropathy, protein-losing 291
Ephedrine 231
Erythropoietin 7
Extracardiac malformations 14
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 286
F
Facial anomalies 247
abdominal situs, examination of 40f
anemia 147
predict severity of 138t
arrhythmia 230f
diagnosis of 223
management of 223
presentation of 224
atrial flutter 231f
atrioventricular block 233
bradycardia, management of 235t
cardiac disease 259
cardiac function 156
cardiac volume analysis 193
chromosomal anomaly 21
circulation 131
normal 168
complete atrioventricular block 231f
deaths 274
demise 130
technique of 21
extracardiac anomaly 21
head 197f
failure 88
function, assessment of 158
malformation 271
pathophysiology of 159
physiology of 156
hemoglobin 136
hyperthyroidism 223
hypoxemia 132
indications 21
infection 243
irregular heart rhythm
investigation of 232t
management of 232t
lamb circulation 170f
medicine 241
myocardium 157
risk factors 14
situs, assessment of 38t
supraventricular tachycardia
diagnosis of 240t
management of 240t
vascular system, development of 5
ventricular tachycardia, management of 243t
Fetoplacental compartment 130
Fiber orientation 157
Fibroblast growth factor 6
Flow velocity wave 124
Fluorescence in situ hybridization 251
Fontan-type operation 292
Foramen primum 2
G
Gastrointestinal system 74
Gestational age 160
Gray-scale sonography 20
Great veins 63
Great vessels 140
Growth retardation 249
H
Harmonic imaging 22
anomalies 70t
defects 249
dilated 219
discordant 36f
disease
failure 291
field, primary 6
abnormal 21
rhythm 42
abnormal 21
shape of 157
univentricular 254
ventriculoarterial connections of 22
Hematological system 15
Hemiazygos veins 5
Hepatic arteries 131
Hepatic dysfunction 291
High periconceptional blood glucose levels 12
Holme's heart 91
Human cardiovascular system 1
Human chorionic gonadotropin 129
Hydantoin 74
Hypercholesterolemia 251
Hyperthyroidism 243
Hypokinesia 108
complex 290
syndrome 12, 48, 57, 60, 65, 67, 68, 74–76, 89, 90f, 118, 210, 215f, 247, 252, 254, 255, 261, 263, 264, 269, 272, 281
outcome of 290
Hypothyroidism 238
Hypovolemia 223
Hypoxia 223
I
Iliac arteries, common 5
Iliac veins, common 5
In vitro fertilization 21
Infection 223
Inlet valve, common 69
Ischemia 228
Isomerism 69
Isotretinoin 251
Isthmus 110
L
Left atrium 62, 63, 77, 80, 83, 85, 87, 90, 92, 95, 99, 101, 104–106, 109, 111, 114, 120, 206–208, 210, 211, 293
length 64
width 64
Left ventricle 58, 62, 63, 77, 78, 80, 83, 85, 87, 90, 92, 95, 99, 101, 104–106, 109, 111, 114, 120, 202–208, 211, 214, 215
double-outlet 59
ejection time 185
length 64
myocardial performance index 185
width 64
Legal stimulant medications or illicit drugs, maternal use of 227
LEOPARD syndrome 221
Live births 274
Liver function tests 235
Long-axis function-tissue Doppler imaging 182
M
Major aortopulmonary collateral circulation 94
Marfan syndrome 10
Marijuana 74
Maternal beta-blocker treatment 233
Maternal connective tissue disorder 233
Maternal lupus autoantibody titers 234
Mesenchymal tissues 3
Metabolic disease 21
Metallic taste 238
Mitral regurgitation 75
Mitral stenosis 110
Monitor cardiac function 243
Monochorionic twins 22
Monocusp valve 295
Monophasic blood flow pattern 146f
Multiplanar presentation 194f
Multiple malformation disorder 18
Muscular ventricular septal defect 80f
Musculoskeletal system 15
Musculus trabecula septomarginalis 43
Myocardial calcification 234
Myocardial dysfunction 234
Myocarditis 227
Myocytes, moncontractile 4
N
Nausea 238
Nonconducted premature atrial contractions 233
Nonhydropic fetuses 237
Nonoptimal fetal position 33f
P
Pain 223
Palliation 297
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 264
Parvovirus infection 219f
Patau syndrome 264
Patent foramen ovale 80
Pericardial graft 295
Pesticides 251
Phenytoin 13
Placental abruption 130
Placental dysfunction 148
Plastic bronchitis 291
Pneumonia, bacterial 298
Polyvalvular nodular dysplasia 75
Portal sinus 168
Portal vein 168
Power Doppler 201
Prenatal detection rate 272t
Proarrhythmia 238
Prominent vagal tone 233
Protein, morphogenic 6
Pulmonary artery 3, 20, 39, 62, 63, 74, 77, 80, 83, 90, 92, 95, 99, 101, 105, 106, 109, 111, 114, 183, 195f, 197f, 202–208, 211–215, 228, 292
hypoplasia 48
Pulmonary semilunar valves 4
Pulmonary valvotomy 295
Pulse repetition frequency scale 22
Pulsed Doppler flow velocities 140
R
Regular cardiac rhythm 19
Regurgitation, aortic 75
Renal system 74
Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system 179
Restrictive ventricular septum 59
Retinoic acid 74
Retrograde flow 94
Rhesus isoimmunization 131
Rhythm 219
Right atrium 58, 62, 63, 77, 80, 83, 85, 87, 90, 92, 95, 99, 101, 104–106, 109, 111, 114, 120, 202–211, 215
length 64
width 64
Right inlet valve regurgitation 69
Right ventricles 62, 63, 77, 78, 80, 83, 85, 87, 90, 95, 99, 101, 104–106, 109, 111, 114, 120, 202–206, 210, 211, 214, 215
length 64
width 64
Right ventricular function, abnormal 181
Rudimentary pulmonary valve leaflets 96
S
Salbutamol 235
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 13
Septal leaflet, displacement of 87f
Sick sinus syndrome 233
Sinus venosus types 59
Skeletal abnormalities 247
Sphenoid bone 134
Stuck twin 131
Subclavian artery, left 114
Sudden cardiac death 235
Systemic veins, color Doppler sonography of 23
Systolic dysfunction 181
T
Taussig shunt 297
Teratogen exposure 21
Terbutaline 231
Terfenadine 231
Tetralogy of Fallot 9, 18, 27, 48, 53, 59, 66–69, 72, 74–76, 98, 99f, 118, 247, 252–254, 261, 262, 264, 269, 281, 286
outcome of 294
Thalami 134
Thalidomide 251
Thoracic aorta 131
Thoracic area, heart occupies third of 19
Thromboembolism 291
Thyroid function 243
Thyrotoxicosis, maternal 223
Time average maximal velocity 143t
Total anomalous pulmonary venous
outcome of 293
Toxins 260
Transannular valve 295
Transverse arch 113
Tricuspid 269
outcome of 296
atrioventricular valves 35f
dysplasia 48
regurgitation
mild-to-moderate 59
atresia 290
dysplasia 254
Trimethadione 74
Tumor, atrial 227
U
Doppler flow 131
Doppler studies 131
pulsatility index, reference values of 134t
resistance index, reference values of 133t
travel caudally 136
Uteroplacental compartment 126
V
Valproic acid 13
Valvar pulmonary stenosis, mild 9
Valvar regurgitation 182
Valvar stenosis, semilunar 56
Valvular stenosis, aubpulmonary 101
Vascular malformations 259
Vascular shunts 167
Vascular system development 1
Vena cava 228
Ventricular dysrhythmia 236
Ventricular ectopic beats 228
Ventricular ectopy, perinatal management of 229
Ventricular end-diastolic volume 297
Ventricular morphology 22
Ventricular septal defect 9, 27, 46f, 48, 61, 65, 67, 68, 70, 74–78, 79f, 80, 83, 101, 105, 105, 214, 249, 252–254, 260, 261, 264, 272, 280, 286
large 59
small 59
Ventricular systole 139
Ventriculoarterial discordance 297
Viral titers 234
Visual disturbance 238
Vomiting 238