Aesthetic Dermatology: Current Perspectives Jaishree Sharad, Maya Vedamurthy
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abobotulinum toxin 161
Accessory muscles 124
Acetylcholine 84
Acne 273
activation of 339, 346
keloidalis nuchae 318
lesions, multiple 293
papular 270f
peels for 273, 274fc
scar 256, 258f, 309f, 340f, 346, 347
basic peels in 274fc
before treatment 310f, 347f
role of fillers in 257, 257b
vulgaris 348
flare of 273
Acneiform eruptions 273
Acne-prone skin 9
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 245
Acrylates 70
Acrylic monomers-liquid system 61
Acrylic polymers-powder system 61
Acrylic systems, composition of 61t
Actinic keratosis 233
Additives 67
ingredients 69
Adenosine monophosphate pathway 29
Aesthetic dermatologic indications 284
Aging face, evaluation of 171
Aging hands, signs of 232
Aging midface 205, 205f
Aging skin, changes in 37t
Alar artery, inferior 185
Alar cartilages 122, 123
Alar fibers from maxilla 98
Allantoin 39, 42
Allergan 142
Allergic contact dermatitis 53, 57, 58, 62, 71
Aloe 42
Aloesin 32
Alopecia areata 285, 337
Alpha hydroxy acid 266, 267, 267b, 267t
peels 267b
subgroups of 267b
Alpha hydroxyethanoic acid 267
Alpha keto acids 267
Alpha-hydroxy acids 39, 293
Alpha-keratin intermediate filaments 74
Alpha-lipoic acid 31, 40
Amateur decorative tattoos 330
Aminoglycosides 94, 158
Aminoquinolines 158
Ammonium alpha hydroxyethanoate 267
Ammonium glycolate 267
Amphoteric detergents 67
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 158
Androgenetic alopecia 284, 285f, 285t, 337
Anesthesia 314
Angular artery 185, 186
variations in 186f
Animate muscle 121124, 126
Anionic detergents 67
Anteromedial cheek 206
augmentation of 208
Anthranilates 19
Antiaging cosmeceuticals 37, 38
Antiaging effect 45
Antiaging molecules 14, 38f
Antibacterial washes 5, 7
Antibodies, development of 89
Anticoagulant citrate dextrose 280, 281
Anticoagulated blood, centrifugation of 281f
Anticonvulsants 167
Anti-inflammatory action 14
Antimitotic action 14
Antioxidant 14, 39
mechanism 31
Antipruritic action 14
Apocrine sweat 166
Aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma 164
Arched brow injection points 118f
Arginine peels 268f
Arnica montana 249
Artery
of face 184
supraorbital 184
supratrochlear 184
zygomatico-orbital 187
Ascorbic acid 31, 40
Asepsis, surgical level of 216
Aspergillus species 29
Astaxanthin 42
Asthma 64
Asymmetrical smile 227f
Atopic skin 9
Atrophic acne scars 273
Atrophic scar 348
Auricular nerve, greater 189
Auriculotemporal nerve 188
Author's technique 163
Autoimmune diseases 256
Autologous fat 233
Auxiliary ingredients 69
Avena sativa 41
Avobenzone 18
Axillae 140
Axillary hyperhidrosis 141143, 346
dosage 142
frequency of treatments 143
pearls 143
technique of injection 142
Axillary region 166
Azelaic acid 29, 265, 266
mechanism of action 29
side effects 29
B
Bacillus botulinus 84
Bacterial carriage, increased 63
Bacterial infection 273
Bacterium, discovery of 83
Barton's grading system 210
Beauty 171
female 171
mask 172f
matters 175
Bell's palsy 116
Bemotrizinol 18
Benzophenones 18
Benzoyl peroxide 8
Benzyl alconium chloride 58
Beta hydroxy acids 39, 266, 268
Bidirection cogged thread 295f
Bioactive molecules
classification of 279
functions of 279
Bionic acids 39
Bird nest hair 72
Bisdisulizole 18
Bisoctrizole 18
Bleeding disorder 350
Blemish balm creams 25
Blepharospasm strabismus, treatment of 168
Blindness 213, 216
Blue nevus 326
Body contouring 351
Body washes 5, 6
moisturizing 6
regular 6
speciality 6
Bolus technique 234, 234f
Bolus-tenting technique 234
Bone 129, 177, 178
structure 206
Botanical antioxidants 41b
Botanical skin lightening agents 32t
Botanical substances 14
Botox 142
cosmetic 161
indication of 129
Botulinum neurotoxin 87f
mechanism of action of 86f
Botulinum toxin 83, 86, 86b, 94, 97, 120, 121, 141143, 150, 161, 164, 166, 167, 347
action of 86
after injection of 131f, 132f
application of 97
before injection of 131f, 132f
diffusion of 152
doses in
females 118t, 131t
males 131t
efficacy of 143
for hyperhidrosis 140
formulations 88
in aesthetic procedures, complications of 150
indication for 94b, 97
injecting 116f, 134f, 137f
injection 126f, 165f
after 110f
before 110f
contraindications to 93b, 158, 158b
effect of 158b
markings for 165f
into platysmal bands 134f
intradermal 161, 162f
males, doses of 118t
preparations of 84b
reconstitution of 92f
safety profile 150
science of 83
serious adverse events 150
treatment with 121f
type A 84, 97, 114, 164, 163, 166, 199
indication for intradermal 161
molecular structure of 87f
type B 84
Botulinum-derived neuromodulators 174
Brilliantines 70
Bromhidrosis 166
causes of 166
Brow depression 97
Brow elevation 97
Brow must peak 174
Brow ptosis 114f
Brow shaping 118
Bruising 151, 197, 213, 213f, 235, 339
Buccal branch 189
Buccal extension 182
Buccal fat pad 180, 182
Buccal nerve 189
Bunny lines 94, 120
appearance of 120
muscles involved 120t
treatment of 121
Burn scars 311
Butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer 70
C
Café-au-lait macule 326, 330
Caffeic acid 34
Calcitonin gene related peptide 86
Calcium channel blockers 94
Calcium hydroxylapatite 233, 234, 240, 241f-244f
ear lobule augmentation 242f
gel 240
injection
after 243f
before 243f
nodule of cheek 245f
Calf contouring 97
Calf muscles hypertrophy 94
Calm after treatment 330f
Calm before treatment 330f
Canine smile 228, 228f
Cannula, injecting temples with 201f
Capsicum frutescens 53
Carbamazepine 167
Carbon dioxide 233, 308, 329
laser treatment, fractional 287f
Carnosine 40
Carotid arterial system, external 184
Catalase 40
Catalyst-dimethyl tolyamine 62
Cationic detergents 67
Cationic polymers 69
Cell regulator 43, 44
Cellular membrane complex 74
Central compartment 178
Central forehead, superficial 178
Central nervous system 167
Cervical branch 189
Cetearyl octanoate 70
Chamomile 42
tea extract 33
Cheek 179, 206f
deep fat compartments of 179
ptosis 116
sag 296
Chelating agents 14
Chemical blockers 17, 18
Chemical burn 71
Chemical classification 68
Chemical composition 66
Chemical peel 161, 233, 265, 273, 273b, 275
complications 273b
treatment 274
Chemical properties 66
Chicken pox scars 346, 347, 349f
Chignon alopecia 71
Chin 180, 220
anterior 221
apex 221
crease, injection technique for 221f
dimpling 97
lateral lower 221
skin of 98
Chlorophyta 42
Chromhidrosis 164, 166
Chromophores 17
Cinnamate 18, 19
Citric acid 39, 267
Citrus fruits 267
Cleanser 3, 4, 8
adverse effects of 8
type of 9
work 3
Cleansing bars 5
basic bars 5
beauty 5
medicated bars 5
moisturizing 5
soaps 5
superfatted soaps 5
syndet bars 5
transparent soaps 5
types of 6t
Cleansing cloths 5, 8
dry 8
Cleansing creams 7
Cleansing milk 7
Cleft lip repair 260
Clostridium botulinum 83, 85
Cocamidopropyl betaine 7
Coenzyme Q10 39, 40
Coffeeberry 41
Cogs thread insertion method 298
Collagen induction therapy 339
Collagen remodeling 270
Colloidal oatmeal 41
Columella 215
Commercial preparations 67, 69
Compensatory hyperhidrosis 146
Contact dermatitis 76, 273
Contact sensitization 64
Coolsculpting device 352f
Coriticosteroid 284
Corrugator muscle 155
Corrugator supercilii muscle 9799, 100f, 106, 107f
Corticosteroid injection 284
Cosmeceutical ingredients 45t
Cosmeceutical products, cell regulator in 44t
Cosmetic applications, resistance in 89
Cow's milk protein 158
Craniofacial hyperhidrosis 141, 144
choice of toxin 144
dosage 145
frequency of treatments 145
pearls 145
technique of injection 145
Cross hatching technique 193, 194f
Crow's feet 94, 114, 116f, 118, 152, 154, 297
central fan 115f
disappearance of 116f
full fan 115f
injection points for 115f
lower fan 115f
polydioxanone insertion method 297f
upper fan 115, 116f
Cryolipolysis 351, 352
Cupid's bow 228
loss of 226
Curcumin 41
Cuticle curing 56
Cuticle damage 71
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors 38
Cyclosporine 158
Cysteine 39
therapy 77
Cytokine 44
generation, inhibitors of 38
D
Daidzein 41
Deep facial fat compartments 179f
Deep fascia 176
Deep fat 176
Deionized water 70
Demi-permanent hair dye 75
Denture, full 228
Deoxycholate 354
Deoxycholic acid 354
Deoxyribonucleic acid 40
Depigmenting agents 28b
Depressor anguli oris muscle 97, 98, 102, 129, 129f, 130, 224
for marionette line 131f
Depressor labii inferioris muscle 102, 130, 131f
Depressor septi nasi 97, 98, 101, 122
Depressor supercilii 100, 155
Dermal augmentation 285
Dermal boosters 13
Dermal fillers 218, 233
redness after 197
Dermal inflammation 270
Dermal insertion into skin 126
Dermal lesions 326
Dermal melasma 274
Dermal thinning 233
Dermapen 340
Dermaroller
rolled 338f
variations in 338
Dermastamp 340
Dermatoses 55
Dermatosurgical technique 256
Dermis 37, 265
Detergent 66, 68
Dilator naris 123
Dimethicone 3, 12
copolyol 70
Dimethyl phthalate 70
Dimethylaminoethanol 39
Dioxybenzone 18
Diplopia 116, 153
prevention 153
treatment 153
Disease burden, assessment of 140
Dizziness 64
Dorsal hand, anatomy of 232f
Dorsal nasal artery 184
Dorsum 215
Double chin 296
polydioxanone insertion method 296f
D-penicillamine 158
Drowsiness 64
Drug interactions 158
Dry eye syndrome 153
prevention 153
treatment 153
Dry xerotic skin 9
Dryness 273
Dynamic nasal tip depression 122t
Dyschromias 308
Dyshidrotic hand eczema 164, 166
Dysphagia 156
cases of 156
Dyspigmentation 174, 233
Dysport 158, 161
Dystonia 167
E
Ear lobe
after injecting 215f
before injecting 215f
rejuvenation 214
Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma 164
Eccrine hidrocystoma 164, 166
Ectropion 116, 153
prevention 154
treatment 154
Edema 197, 213, 273, 293
Elastic tissue destruction 173
Embolism 237, 238
Emollients, classes of 13t
Emulsifiers 13
En coup de sabre 258
Endovenous laser ablation 233
Epidermal
cell differentiation 173
growth factor 279, 280
lesions 326
necrosis 270
proteins, precipitation of 270
Epidermal-dermal lesions 326
Epidermis 37, 265
Erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet 308, 329
Erythema 165f, 197, 213, 273
multiforme 76
persistent 197
vesicle 62
Ethanol 70
Ethnic variations 137
Excessive filler 216
Excessive vellus hair 319f
Extracellular matrix 38, 257, 279
Eye 223
protection 328
Eyebrow 199, 200, 301
injection points for 200f
lift 94
ptosis 154
prevention 154
shaping 117
technique for 301f
treatment of 304f
Eyelid
closure 97
edema 116
opening 152
ptosis 109, 152
prevention 153
treatment 153
upper 187
F
Face
layers of 176, 176f
rejuvenation 346
Facial aging
anatomy of 172
physiology of 172
stigmata of 183
Facial anatomy 97, 176
Facial artery 184, 185, 185f, 186
patterns of 186f
transverse 184, 187
Facial cleansers 5, 7
lathering 7
lipid-free 7
low foaming 7
nonfoaming 7
Facial lipoatrophy 241f, 247f
Facial muscles 98
Facial nerve 189
branches of 189f
Facial paralysis 261
Facial proportions
horizontal 172f
vertical 172f
Facial rejuvenation 305f, 309f
procedures, noninvasive 240
Facial restoration
after 175f
before 175f
Facial retaining ligaments 182
Facial sensory innervation 188t
Facial skeleton 177
Facial symmetry by myomodulation, restoration of 261
Fan technique 193, 194f, 234, 235, 235f
Fat
loss 233
pads 180
prolapse 210f
reduction, radiofrequency device for 354f
Fat compartment 178
middle 179
of midface 205f
superficial 178
Fatty alcohols 12
Fatty toxin 83
Ferulic acid 34, 40
Festoons 210f, 211
Fever blisters 293
Feverfew 42
Fibroblast growth factor 280
Filler
advantages of 256
biodegradable 240
choice of 194, 218, 228, 237
combining 196
complications of 237, 237t
in lower face, indication for 218
noncosmetic indications for 256
types of 215
Filler injection
complications after 197t
into perioral lines, before 230f
into white roll, before 229f
Filler substance-related complications 238
Fitzpatrick-Goldman wrinkle 309
Flaccid cheek 154
Flared brow injection points 117f
Flat cheek 154
prevention 154
Forehead 195, 200, 304, 346
branch 185
injections 154
lines 94, 297
horizontal 111, 113f, 118
polydioxanone insertion method 297f
transverse 97
skin of 98
with boluses with needle, injection of 200f
with cannula, injection of 200f
Foreign body granulomatous reaction 339
Fractional laser
indication of 308b
side effects of 315
treatment, indication for 307
Fragrance 13, 70
Freckles 326, 330
Free acid 267
Frey's syndrome 145
Frontal bone
nasal part of 98
reabsorption of 172
Frontalis muscle 97, 98, 111, 111f
Frown lines 94
vertical 97, 118
Frozen face appearance 155
Fucoxanthin 42
Furfuryladenine 39
G
Galderma 161
Galea aponeurotica 98, 181
Gastrocnemius 97, 104, 104f
Gel nails
constituents of 62t
ultraviolet cured 61
Gender differences 113, 116
Genistein 41
Gentamicin 158
Gingival smile 228, 228f
Ginkgo biloba 95
Glabella 195f
Glabellar complex 106
Glabellar frown lines, patterns of 107
Glabellar lines 94, 97, 193
transverse 97
Glabellar protrusion 155
treatment 155
Glabellar skin 98
Glogau-Klein point 225
Glucopyranosides 39
Glutaraldehyde 58
Glutathione 29, 31, 39
mechanism of action 30
Glycol citrate 267
Glycolic acid 30, 39, 266, 267, 274, 275, 340f
actions of 267
mechanism of action 30
peels 268f, 272f, 340f
side effects 30
Glycols 70
Glycosaminoglycans 12
Gradual hair dye 75
Granuloma 197, 198, 230, 235, 237, 238, 250
formation 198
Granulosis rubra nasi 164
Grape seed extract 41
Green tea 95
Groin hyperhidrosis 145
Growth factor 278
hepatocyte 38, 279, 280
platelet-derived 38, 278, 279, 280
transforming 279, 335
Gummy smile 94, 97, 101, 124
after botulinum toxin treatment 125f
before botulinum toxin treatment 125f
injection for 125f
severe 125f
treatment of 125t
Gustatory hyperhidrosis 145
H
Hailey-Hailey disease 164, 165f
Hair
appearance, role in 66
breakage 71
coloring 75
conditioners 67
cosmeceuticals 66
cosmetics 66, 71
creams 70
damage 71
faulty color of 72
gel 69
mousse 70
oils 71
perming 78
properties of 66
rinses 69
serum 70
shampoo 66
spa 78
straightening 76
surface properties 68
thinning 284
type of 68
wax 70
Hair dye
permanent 75, 76fc
safety regulations for 76
semi-permanent 75
types of 75
Hair grooming
cosmetics 69
major additives of 70t
Hairspray 70
Hand
aesthetics 232
rejuvenation 232, 233, 236, 236f
trembling of 64
Headache 147, 152, 168, 213
Hematoma 216
on bony areas 339
Hemoglobin 284
Herpes simplex
reactivation of 237, 273, 339
virus 293, 318
Hidradenitis suppurativa 164
Hinderer's lines 206
Hirmand's classification system 210, 210t
Hirsutism 318, 319f
Histopathological analysis 292
Hollow microneedles 341
Hollywood
lip 228
smile 228, 228f
Homomenthyl salicylate 19
Hori's nevus 326, 330
Human immunodeficiency virus 245, 245f
Human skin, functions of 37b
Humectants 12
properties 13b
Hyaluronic acid 122, 192, 199, 201f, 228, 233, 235, 250f, 257, 284f, 286, 286f
based fillers 192t
filler 193, 219f, 223
after 220f, 221f
before 220f
treatment with 193
properties of 192
Hydrocarbon oils 12
Hydroquinone 28, 266
mechanism of action 28
mequinol 29
side effects 28
Hydroxycoumarins 31
Hyperhidrosis 140, 156, 164, 347, 348
basic peels in 275fc
disease 140t
severity scale 140
prevention 156
problem of primary 140
treatment of 141
Hypersensitivity 197
reactions 238
Hypertrichosis 318
Hypertrophic scar 167, 237, 318
Hypertrophy 273
Hypesthesia 151
I
Ideal moisturizer 15
Idebenone 40
Immunology 88
Incobotulinum toxin 161
Incompetent mouth 155
prevention 155
Indian skin
indication in 313
types, basic peels for 273
Indigofera tinctoria 76
Infection 197, 213, 216, 235, 237, 238
active local 318
Inflammation 336
Inflammatory factors 286
Inflate fat pads 173f
Infraorbital artery 184
Infraorbital fat pads, pseudoherniation of 154
Infraorbital nerve 188
Infraorbital wrinkles 118, 118f
Infrared radiation protection, sunscreen with 24
Infratrochlear nerve 187
Injection
points, mark 121, 123, 124, 126
protocol 218
technique 121, 122, 124, 134136, 162, 193, 212, 214, 215, 228, 243, 246, 251
zones of 220f
Injection-reactivation 197
Injection-related
complications 238
side effects 147
Insulated needles 345f
Insulin-like growth factor 279
Intense pulsed light 233, 321, 326
Intradermal botulinum toxin injection
after 163f
before 163f
Intradermal injections 162f
Iron oxide 18
Irritant contact dermatitis 58
Irritant reaction 64, 71
Irritation 273
Isobutane 70
Isoctrizinol 18
Itching 197
Itch-related disorder 164
J
Jacob's ladder 112
Japanese hair straightening 76
Jawline, injection technique for 219f
Jessner's peel 269
Jet anesthesia 146
Jowl 172
Jowl line 298
cogs insertion method 298f
Juvederm ultra plus 216f
K
Keloid 167, 273, 318
Keloidal tendency 272, 328, 350
Keratin 265
treatment 77
Keratinocytes 265
Kligman's formula 28
modified 28
Klotho gene 46
Kojic acid 29, 275
mechanism of action 29
L
Labial artery
inferior 184, 185, 224
superior 184, 185, 224
Labiomandibular sulcus 179
Lacrimal artery 184
Lactic acid 39, 267, 268
sessions of 268f
Lagophthalmos 154
Lambert-Eaton syndrome 94, 158
Lambros's theory 208
Laminaria japonica 42
Lanolin 70
Laser
combination of 332
for pigmentation 326
fractional 307, 313
hair removal 318
in ethnic skin 318
picosecond 332
technique 256
therapy, low-level 351, 352, 354
toning 331
treatment approach 319
with multiple wavelengths 321
Lateral cheek 178
compartment 179
Lawsonia alba 75
Leg flexion at knee 97
Lentigines 326, 330
Leucocyte 280, 281
Levator labii superioris 121, 224
alaeque nasi 97, 98, 101, 120, 124, 224
Levodopa 34
Lichen planus pigmentoses
after treatment 327f
before treatment 327f
Lid ptosis 110, 111f
Lid-cheek junction 209
Lidocaine 151, 355
hydrochloric acid 242f
Ligament
false retaining 183
true retaining 183
zygomatic 183
zygomaticocutaneous 183, 184, 209
zygomaticomalar 209f
Light-emitting diode 340
Lights and lasers 233
Lincosamide 158
Linear threading 234
technique 193, 193f, 235f
Linoleic acid 31
Lip 196, 223
after filler, overcorrection of 239f
anatomical landmarks of 223, 223f
anatomy of 50
architecture of ideal 225, 225f
arterial supply of 224f
asymmetry 155
prevention of 156, 157
augmentation 193, 196f
with hyaluronic acid fillers 231
balms 51
before injecting fillers 226
border, loss of 226
care 50, 51
complications 155
cosmetics 50, 52, 53
glosses 52
layers of 224f
liners 53
lines, vertical 97
plumpers 53
protrusion of 97
ptosis 155
rejuvenation 223
repair, postcancer treatment 260
skin of 98
stains 52
to aging, changes in 226b
Lipids 13
Lipoatrophy 198, 237, 239
Lipodermatosclerosis 288
Lipodystrophy 260
Lipoic acids 39
Lipolysis, injection 354
Lipstick
lines 126, 226
pigmented 52f
structurization 52
Liquid cleansers 3, 6
Liquid washes 5
Local anesthesia 300
Local infection 284
Lotions 7
Lower face 97, 218
and neck indications 129
assessment of 174
rejuvenation 218
Lower forehead rhytids, exaggeration of 155
Lower lip
depression of 97
elevation of 97
protrusion of 97
retraction of 97
Lumbrical muscles 156
Lumping and clumping 197
Lustureless nails 63
Lycopenes 42
M
Magnesium sulfate 158
Malar edema 210f, 211
Malar fat pad 178, 180
deep 206
Malar mound 210f, 211
Male face before injecting 208f
Malic acid 39, 267
Manchester scar scale 286
Mandelic acid 30, 39, 267, 268, 274, 275
Mandible, incisor fossa of 98
Mandibular nerve 188, 188t
Mandibular retaining ligament 183
Manicure 59t
problems related to 57
Marginal mandibular branch 189
Marine algae 42
Marionette lines 94, 97, 129, 131, 193, 196, 222, 297
injection technique for 222f
Masseter hypertrophy 94, 97, 131, 136, 137f
improvement of 137f
Masseter muscle 97, 98, 102, 103f, 136f, 156
injection points for 137f
Masseter tuberosity 98
Masseteric ligaments 183
Maxilla 122, 123
frontal process of 98, 124
Maxillary artery 187
buccal branch of 184
Maxillary nerve 188, 188t
Maxillary periosteum 98
Mcgregor's patch 183
Melaleuca alternifolia 42
Melanin 25
synthesis
after 28
before 28
during 28
pathway 27, 27fc, 28b
Melasma 273, 311, 330, 337
Melatonin 29, 40, 43
Melisma, peels response in 273b
Membranous septum 122
Mental crease 221
Mental nerve 189
Mentalis muscle 97, 98, 102, 132f
for popply chin 132f
Menthyl anthranilate 18
Mephisto sign 155
prevention 155
treatment 155
Meradimate 18
Merz aesthetics 161
Mesotherapy 354
Metal implant 350
Methyleicosanoic acid, eighteen 74
Microdroplet technique 234, 235f
Microencapsulated tattoo ink 331
Microepidermal necrotic debris 307
Microneedle 344
coated 341
delivery systems 341
Microneedling
benefits of 339
devices, types of 340
disadvantages of 339
radiofrequency 343
device, fractional 343, 344
indication of 347b
Microscopic thermal zone 307
Midface
anatomy of 204
assessment of 174
augmentation 206f
filler injection 206f
firming 162
indications 120
volumization of 206
Midreticular dermis 266
Midzygoma region, augmentation of 208
Migraine 168
Milia formation 339
Modiolus 98
Moisture
absorbers 12
sealers 12
Moisturizer 11, 14
additives in 13
formulations 15t
help 11
ingredients of 12fc
role of 14
type of 15
use
instructions for 15
tips for 15
Moisturizing action 14
Molecules, future 44
Mona Lisa smile 227, 228f
Mono polydioxanone thread 294
Mono thread 295f
Monocarboxylic acids 267
Morphea 258
Muller's muscle 110, 153
Multidirection cogged thread 295f
Muscle 129
ache 138
anatomy 114, 129, 129t, 131
around mouth 102f
contributors, minor 120
in gummy smile 124t
in modiolar complex 102f
in nasal flare 123t
in perioral lines 126t
indicated 122t
involved 111, 114
of face 98f, 98t
of forehead 99f
pain 138
relaxants 158
table of 98t
weakness 147
Musculoaponeurotic system
superficial 129, 176, 181, 182f
Mushroom extract 42
Myasthenia gravis 94, 158
Mycobacteria, atypical 197
Mycobacterium fortuitum 59
Myopathy 158
N
Nail
adornments 60, 62t
enhancements 60, 62t
medical indications for 63
extension application, steps for basic 60t
permanent loss of 63
pitting 63
plate
surface 56
thinning of 62
polish
application of 56
constituents of 57t
use, side effects of 58t
salon technicians 64t
sculptures 60, 62t
shaping 56
structure 55, 55f
temporary loss of 63
Nasal artery, lateral 185, 186
Nasal bone, periosteum of inferior 98
Nasal bridge 215
Nasal flare 123, 124f
dosage for reduction of 124t
reduction of 123f
Nasal lines, transverse 121
Nasal nerve, external 188
Nasal recontouring 242f
Nasal scrunch lines 94, 120
Nasal septum 98
Nasal spine 122
Nasal tip 215
depression of 97
droop 97
elevation 94, 122, 123f
dosage for 123t
Nasalis muscle 97, 98, 100, 120
insertion 120
origin 120
transverse part 120
Nasociliary nerve, terminal branch of 187
Nasofrontal angle 215
Nasojugal groove 209
Nasolabial angle 215
Nasolabial fat compartment 179
Nasolabial fold 193, 196, 196f, 206, 214, 241, 296, 298
after injecting 214f
before injecting 214f
Natural moisturizing factors 11
Neck 301
bands 133
disappearance of vertical 134f
horizontal 134, 134f
vertical 134f
polycaprolactone insertion techniques 304
rein technique for 301f
weakness 156
Necklace lines 97
Nefertiti lift 94, 131, 135
injection points for 135f
jawline
after 135f
before 135f
Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet 233, 326
Nerve
growth factor 38
supply 187
supratrochlear 187
zygomaticofacial 188
zygomaticotemporal 188
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, soluble 86, 87
Neurogenic inflammation 167
Neuromuscular junction 161
Neuronox 161
Neurosensory changes 64
Neurotoxin-associated proteins, role of 85
Nevus
of ota 326, 330
spilus 326, 330
Niacinamide 40
Nodule 197, 213, 214f, 237
formation 235
Nonablative fractional lasers 307, 343
Nonbiodegradable fillers 240
Noncosmetic treatments, filler treatments for 256b
Nonhyaluronic acid 240
fillers 240
Noninsulated needles 345f
Nonionic detergents 67
Nonmelanoma skin cancer 63
Nonneutralizing antibodies 89
Nonpigmented hair 322f
Nonserious adverse events 151
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 95, 202, 211, 282, 339, 355
Nonsurgical face lifting 347
Nose 215
augmentation of 215
bridge of 187
filler, indication of 215
Nostril
flaring of 97
lateral 98
shape 215
skin of 123
O
Oatmeal 41
Octisalate 19
Octocrylene 18
Octyl methoxy cinnamate 19
Octyl salicylate 19
Octylacrylamide 70
Octylsalicylate 18
Oil sheen spray 70
Oily skin 9
Oligopeptides 31
Onabotulinum toxin 142, 145, 161, 162, 162f, 166
intradermal 162t
Onychodystrophy 63
Onycholysis 62
Onychomycosis, superficial white 58
Oozing 165f
Opaque lipsticks 53
Ophthalmic artery 186, 187
Ophthalmic nerve 188, 188t
Opioid analgesics 167
Optical properties 66
Oral anticholinergic agents 141
Oral commissures 230
depression of 97
downturned 226
Oral mucosa, skin grafting in 319f
Orange-brown staining 213
Orbicularis oculi 97, 98, 100, 155, 162
fibres 99f
function 153
muscle 114f
Orbicularis oris 97, 98, 101, 126, 130
Orbicularis retaining ligaments 183
Orbicularis roll 211
Orbital fat
prolapse 210f, 211
pseudoherniation 154
Orbital retaining ligament 209f
Orbitomalar ligament 209
Organic blockers 17
classification of 18t
Organic sunscreen filters, ultraviolet A 18, 19
Oxybenzone 18
P
Pacemaker 350
Pain 146, 151, 164
Palm sweating area 144
Palmar hyperhidrosis 141
Palmoplantar eczema 166
Palmoplantar hyperhidrosis 143
dosage 144
frequency of treatments 144
pearls 144
Palpebral ligament, medial 98
Palpebromalar groove 209
Pan-facial rejuvenation 244f
Panthenol 40
Papillary dermis 266
Para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives 19
Paradoxical hypertrichosis 322
Paraphenylenediamine 75
Paratoluenediamine 75
Paronychia vesicle 62
Parotid gland 189f
Pediatric population 322
Pedicure, problems related to 57
Peeling agents 266
basic 271
classification of 266
types of basic 266
Peels
complications of 275
ground rule for 265
mechanism of action of 266t
Penicillamine 94
Penicillium species 29
Peptides 43
Perfluorodecalin 331
Perifollicular erythema 323f
Periocular region 99f
Perioral lines 126
treatment of 126f, 127t
Peri-oral
region 174
rhytides 94
suborbicularis oris fat pad 180
Periorbital area 195, 195f
Periorbital pigmentation 268f
Periorbital region before injection 211
Periosteum 176
Peroxidase 40
Phaeophyta 42
Pharmacology 88
Phenol 266
peels 271
Phenol-salicylic acid 265
Phenylalanine hydroxylase 27
Philtrum 228
Phlebology 233
Phosphatidylcholine 354
Phospholipids 12
Photoaged skin 9, 37b
Photoaging wrinkles 193
Photobonded nails 61
Photodamaged skin 308
Photodynamic therapy 337
Photoinitiaters 62
Photo-onycholysis 63
Photoprotection 25
Photoprotective action 14
Physical blockers, classification of 18t
Physical burn 71
Physical protection 23
automobile glass 24
clothing 23
hats 23
make up 23
shade 23
sunglasses 23
window glass 23
Pigmentary disorders 311, 312
Pigmentation, peels for 273
Pilonidal sinus 318
Pinus pinaster 42
Pitted keratolysis 164
Plantar hyperhidrosis 141, 143
Plantarflexion 97
Plasma rich protein 346
Plastic nail tips 60
Plastic surgery, extreme 171
Platelet
count 282f, 283, 284
dysfunction syndrome 284
poor plasma 281
Platelet-rich fibrin 281
Platelet-rich plasma 278, 279, 279f, 279t, 280, 281, 282b, 282f, 283f, 284, 284b, 285, 285f, 285t, 286, 286f, 287f, 288, 313, 335
classification of 280
complications of 288
in aesthetic dermatology 278
in ulcer 288f
kits 284f
modifications of 284
Platysma muscle 97, 98, 103, 103f, 130, 133f, 135, 181
Platysmal bands 94, 133, 134f, 156
prevention 156
treatment 156
vertical 97
Polyacrylamide
gel 240
hydrogel 240
Polycaprolactone 233, 291
threads 302
placement, technique of 304
Polycystic ovarian syndrome 320
Polydioxanone 291
insertion techniques 296
thread 294
types of 295f
Polyhydric alcohols 12
Polyhydroxy acids 39
Poly-l-lactic acid 233, 240, 245, 247f, 249f, 250f, 291, 298
for eyebrow 248f
injected 175f
Polymer film lipsticks 52
Polymethylmethacrylate 230, 240, 250
for jawline contouring 251f
Polyphenols 33, 34, 39
procyanidin 34
Polyphenols-ellagic acid 33
Polyphenols-silymarin 33
Pomade 70
Pompholyx 166
Popply chin 94, 131, 132f
injection points for 132f
Port-wine stain 312
Postacne
erythematous, before 272f
macules 270f
before mandelic acid 269f
hyperpigmented 272f
scars 309, 336f
before microneedling 336f
Postherpetic neuralgia 166, 167
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation 213, 269, 275f, 326, 339, 340f, 343
after treatment 340f
before treatment 340f
Postinflammatory hypopigmentation 323f
Postlaser
burns 323f
care 329
Postlip surgery 260
Postpeel care 274
Postrhinoplasty issues, correction of 215
Postshampoo conditioners 69
Postsurgical defect 259
Post-traumatic scar 95, 259
Post-trichloroacetic acid 276f
peel postinflammatory hyperpigmentation 275f
Potassium titanyl phosphate 251
Povidone-iodine solution 143
Pre vitamin D, synthesis of 22fc
Preinjection preparation 211
Prejowl sulcus 219
Prelaser preparation 328
Prescription molecules 38
Pretreatment counseling 94
Prilocaine 151
Priming tips 266
Procerus and corrugators, injection point for 107f
Procerus muscle 97, 98, 107f, 155
Procyanidin 33
Propane 70
Protein
containing conditioners 69
derivative test, purified 21
rich plasma 347
Pruritic vesicles 62
Pseudofolliculitis barbae 318
Pseudoptosis 112, 118
Psoriasis 328
inverse 164
Pure platelet-rich
fibrin 280
plasma 280
Pycnogenol 42
Pyruvic acid 31, 39, 267
Q
Q-switched laser 233, 326
Quinidine 158
Quinine 94
Quizzical brow 113
R
Radiofrequency 322, 351353
energy 343
Radix breakpoint 215
Reactions, major adverse 235
Reactive oxygen species 34, 38
Red blood cells 284
Rejuvenation, strategies for 174
Rejuvenators 13
Reshaping nose, after 216f
Resorcinol 266
Restylane lip injection 227f
Reticular dermis, upper 266
Retinoic acid 39, 265
Retinoids 30, 38
mechanism of action 30
side effects 31
Retinol 266
peels 271
Rhinitis 64
Rhodophyta 42
Ribonucleic acid 44
Riehl's melanosis 327f
Rimabotulinum 145
Ristow's space 180
Rosa mosqueta 40
Rosacea skin 9
S
Salicylic acid 8, 266, 272f, 274, 275
actions of 268
peels 269
pseudofrost of 269f
Salon hair procedures 74
Salon nail procedures 55
Salon procedures 56
Scabbing, mild 339
Scars 286, 308
before treatment, postsurgical 311f
lip, filler for postsurgical 260f
traumatic 337, 346, 347
Scarring and atrophy 273
Sclerotherapy 233
Scrubs 7
Scrunch lines 120
Seborrheic dermatitis 8
Semipermanent straightening 76
Sensory innervation 187
Septicemia 284
Serial puncture technique 193, 193f
Shampoo
and hair damage 67
type of 68, 68t
Silatriazole 18
Silhouette soft
premarking techniques 300
results 303f
threads family 299t
Silicon 69, 70
elastomers 12
oil 240
sunscreens 3, 24
Silymarin 41
Skin 176
and fat 173
barrier 265
cleansers
ingredients of 4
types of 5
color of 211
condition 9
accompanying 9t
elasticity 211
firming 45
grafting 318
infection 293, 350
laxity 174
lightening
agents 27
molecules 14
makeup-loaded 9
malignancy 350
necrosis 197, 238f
of color 265
of opposite side 98
reactions 152
rejuvenation 161, 162, 232, 285, 337
mechanism of action 161
technique 162f
scars technique, chemical reconstruction of 309
tightening 347
tone 161
turnover acceleration 30
type, moisturizer on 15t
whitening 45
Smile, types of 227
Snap test 211
Sodium hydrogen carbonate 304
Sodium sulphacetamide-sulfur combination 8
Soft tissue
augmentation 169, 192
history of 192
of midface 204
of upper face 199
fillers, application of 176
pogonion 221
Solar lentigines 233
Solar lentigo 326
Solar purpura 233
Solid microneedles 341
Soy 41
isoflavones 41
stimulates 41
Spider veins 347
Spin traps 40
Splayed eyebrows 110
Spock's appearance 113
Spock's brow 113, 114f, 155
Spring thread 295f
Square jaw 131
Squeeze tube lip moisturizers 51
Starch iodine testing 1f43f
Static rhytids 157
Steiner's line 225
Stem cells 44, 45
Sterile, inside 300f
Sterols 12
Strabismus 116
Stratum corneum interaction 4
Stratum granulosum 266
Stretch marks 311, 346, 347
before treatment 348f
Striae before treatment 312f
Striae distensae 287, 348
Subcutaneous
fat 176
nasolabial fat compartment 179
tissue 129
Submammary hyperhidrosis 145
Suborbicularis fat pad 173
Suborbicularis oculi fat 179, 205
lateral 182, 206
medial 182
Substrate cleansers 8
Succinylcholine 158
Sulisobenzone 18
Sun protection
factor 51
molecules 14
Sunscreen 17
compliance 24
efficacy 21, 22
boots 21
diffey 21
sun protection factor 21
ultraviolet measurement 21
filter classification 17
formulation 20
aerosol sprays 20
emulsions 20
gels 20
mousses 20
oils 20
ointments 20
sticks 20
Superoxide dismutase 40
Supraorbital ridge, medial 98
Supraperiosteal depot technique, vertical 212
Surgical scar 310, 337
after treatment 310f
before treatment 310f
Suture insertion 302f
complete 302f
Sweating-related disorders 164
Swellable microneedles 341
Synaptosomal-associated protein 86, 86b
Syringe method
advantages of modified 284b
modified 282
Systemic lupus erythematosus 328
Systemic photoprotection 23
T
Tartaric acid 39
Tattoo 318, 326, 330, 331f
granuloma 328
professional 330
removal techniques, advances in 330
removed 331f
traumatic 330
Tea 40
tree oil 42
Tear trough
deformity 208
anatomy of 209f
causes of 209
injection, injection points for 212f
ligament 209, 209f
Tear, Barton's grading system of 210t
Teeth, inclination of 226
Telangiectasia 237, 239, 346
Temple injection points 200f
Temporal artery
deep 184
superficial 184, 187
Temporal branches 189
Temporal fat compartment, lateral 179
Temporal hypertrophy 94
Temporal ligamentous adhesion 183
Temporal region 176
Temporary bruising 231f
Temporary hair
dye 75
straightening 76
Test patch 328
Tetracaine 151
Thick palmar skin 144
Thioctic acid 31
Thoracic fascia, superficial 98
Thread
barbed 291
description of 299
history of 291
length of 292
lift 291, 293
nonbarbed 291, 292
twin 294, 295f
types of 291
unidirection cogged 295f
Thread insertion
method of 291
through skin, method of 295f
Throat irritation 64
Thrombocytopenia, critical 284
Tissue necrosis 197
Titanium dioxide 18, 19
Tobacco 284
Toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin 58
Topical anesthesia 162f
Topical antiaging cosmeceuticals 38
Toxic action 265
Toxin
choice of 142
discovery of 84
Tranexamic acid 30
Trans epidermal water loss 3
Trapezius muscle hypertrophy 94
Traumatic scar, depressed 259f
Tretinoin 39
Trichloroacetic acid 266, 269, 274, 275, 309
mechanism of action of 270
peel
technique 270
depth of 271b
Trigeminal nerve 187
Trimming nails 56
Trolamine salicylate 18, 19
Tsuga canadensis 17
Turkey neck 131, 133, 134f, 174
Two-point technique 200f
Tyndall effect 213, 213f, 235
Tyrosinase
hydroxylase 1 27
inhibition 28
U
Ubiquinone 39, 40
Ultraviolet light 17
Uneven nose 216
Upper eyelid, ptosis of 113
Upper face 97
assessment of 173
fillers 202b
indications 106
Upper lip 124
elevation 97
loss of projection of 226
skin of 98
Upper teeth, anterior inclination of 227f
Urethane acrylate oligomers 62
Uric acid 40
Urology uses 168
V
Valproate 167
Vascular complications 230
Vascular endothelial growth 279
factor 38, 279, 280, 286
Vascular lesions 308
Vascular stent 350
Vegetable dye 75
Vermilion body 229
Vermilion border, lengthening of 226
Vision, double 153
Vitamin 39
A 39
derivatives 38
B3 39, 40
C 31, 39, 40
D deficiency 22
E 31, 39, 40, 95
mechanism of action 31
Vitiligo, onstable 328
Voice changes 156
Volume loss, classification of 210
W
Water resistance 22
Waterless cleansers 7
Wet cleansing cloths 8
White roll 228
Workplace safety 64
Wrinkle 233, 273
reduction 347
X
Xeomin 84, 93, 160, 161
Y
Yttrium aluminum garnet laser 259
Z
Zinc oxide 18, 20
Zygoma 172
Zygomatic
arch 98, 116, 187, 206, 261
branch 184, 189
eminence 206
Zygomaticomalar region 206
Zygomatico-orbital branch 184
Zygomaticus major muscle 117f
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear