Chemical Peels: A Global Perspective Rashmi Sarkar, Wendy E Roberts
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, and t refer to table.
A
Acanthosis nigricans 88, 89f, 187, 261, 263f
Acetic acid 64
black 181, 200
peel 233
Acetone-soaked sponges 75
Acid 22, 23
dissociation constant 22
peels act 210
Acidic acid, pH of 6
Acne 39, 40, 42f, 43t, 60f, 64, 65, 73, 79, 82, 83, 84f, 85, 101, 134, 135, 158, 164, 165, 176, 181, 188f, 192, 194, 200, 203, 204, 223, 224, 236, 248, 261, 275, 282f
active 126, 229, 236
active inflamed 59
adult 236
comedogenic 158
comedonal 59, 134, 184, 185f, 188
complete subsidence of 89f
effect on 103
excoriée 73, 134, 236
grading system, global 84
indications in 225, 226, 229233
inflammatory 158, 161, 184f, 225, 289
management of 40
mild active 73
noninflammatory 181, 289
persistent 149
reduction properties 223
related conditions 59
retention 310
rosacea 173
surgery 142
treatment of 87
types of 181
wash postprocedure instructions 57b
widespread 150
with oily thick skin 236
with peels, treatment of 234t
Acne prone
patients 34
skin 197
Acne scar 43t, 101, 110, 112, 117, 126, 129, 135, 141, 148, 150, 151f, 159, 181, 203, 204, 223, 225, 283
box 142
combination technique for 152f
deep 124
erythematous 183, 184f
moderate-severe 117f
regional 148
severe 19f
superficial 59, 134, 181, 192, 236, 261f
technique for 152f
Acne treatment
active 288
with peels 233
Acne vulgaris 236, 275, 277, 282f, 286
flare of 304
grade II 231f
management of 237
Acneiform eruption 47, 68, 304, 305
Actinic cheilitis 18f
Actinic keratoses 2, 14, 18f, 42, 64, 65, 82, 85, 97, 101, 110, 134, 314
Activa peel 197, 198
forte 198
Acyclovir 98, 147
Adequate sun protection 93
Adnexal tissue 234
Advanced cardiac life support 147
Aesthetic indications 261
Aesthetic skin consultation 50
Afro-Caribbean woman 151f
Agents
depth-enhancing 28
priming 62, 74
Aging skin 74, 172
changes 134
Allergic contact dermatitis 93, 248
Allergic dermatitis 61, 74
Allergic reaction 47, 68, 93
contact 116
Allergies to resorcinol 91
Alopecia areata 110
Alpha ketoacids 192
Alpha-hydroxy acid 1, 5, 24, 37, 50, 52, 64, 72, 78, 87, 92, 98, 102, 103, 112, 143, 192, 212, 214, 232, 243, 252, 260, 276, 276b, 283, 287, 309, 312
combination of 226
peel 106, 210, 212
American Society for Dermatologic Surgery guidelines 61
American Society for Dermatosurgery 249
Amino acid 170
Amino fruit
acids 279
peel 171
Amiodarone 147
Analgesia 113
Anesthesia 136, 147, 266
general 147
medications 147
monitoring 147
Angiogenesis 5
Antibiotic properties 79
Anticancer agent 104
Antidepressants 147
Anti-inflammatory powder 148
Antimicrobial effects 83
Antioxidant 104
effect 104
Antipsychotics 147
Antiseptic 148
Antithyroid effects 93
Apocrine glands 5
Arbutin 28, 52, 90, 189, 210, 245, 319
Arginine 170, 193, 255
gel peel 170
party peel 255
Arginine peel 170, 171, 171t, 172, 172f, 173
absolute 172
chemistry 170
complications 173
contraindications 172
formulations of 170
indications of 171, 172b
mechanism of action 170
postpeel care 172
prepeel precautions 172
relative 172
Arrhenius acid 22
Arrhythmias 147
Ascorbic acid 164, 181, 187, 187f, 188f, 253
Ascorbyl glucoside 254
Ascorbyl linoleate 280
Asian and African skin 286
Aspergillus 256
Atopic dermatitis 52, 134, 248
Atopic eczema 303
Atrophic acne scars 97
Azelaic acid 52, 90, 103, 112, 181, 182, 184f, 186f, 188f, 193, 198, 245, 319
cream 292
topical 211
Azelan peel 188, 188f
B
Bacillus proteus 79
Bacterial infection 65, 69, 155, 304
Baker-Gordon
formula 18
solution 124
Baker's phenol-croton oil solution 11
Benzoin, tincture of 88
Beta-hydroxy
acid 3, 25, 78, 87, 192, 243, 287, 309, 316
peel 25, 212
peels 165
Beta-lipohydroxy acid 279
Bio C 201
Bismuth subgallate 148, 155f
Black peel 193, 199, 233
clear, application of 200
indications 200
ingredients 199
procedure 200
protocol 200
Bleaching 189, 190
agents 90, 245
Blended peel 86
Blepharoplasty 61
Blood clots, reduces 104
Body dysmorphic disorder 159
Botulinum toxin 119, 134, 206
Brody’ combination 109
Brody's peel 66, 133
Bronsted acid 22
Buffer capacity 23
Buffer solution 23, 24
C
Candida 139
Carbolic acid 122, 144
Carbon dioxide 83
Carboxylic acids 37, 265
Cardiac monitoring 147
Cardiac tests 146
Cardiotoxicity 146
Cardiovascular toxicity 20
Caustic chemicals, use of 108
Caustic effects 14
Centrofacial melasma 186f
Ceramide 196
Chemical agents, side effects of 290t
Chemical formulation, chemistry and 86, 96, 132, 260
Chemical peel 12, 22, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33b, 35b, 79, 54f, 57, 131, 141, 156, 158, 176, 203, 207, 210, 218, 221, 237, 256t, 286, 297, 298, 301t
agents of 120, 170
and formulas, types of 143
application of 53f, 54, 98
choice of 250
classification of 14, 15t, 108
combination of 118
complications of 284b, 302, 304t
deep 17
depth of 20, 20t
different medium-depth 9
efficacy of 78
for acne 223, 280
for melasma 210t
for postinflammatory
pigmentation 281
formulations 210
hyperpigmentation 219
in acne 281b
in dark skin 274
indications for 275b
in dark skinned patients 286
in ethnic skin 297
in melasma 209
indications of 193
medium-depth 16, 18f, 109
of skin 267t
procedure 53
recent trend in 311
superficial 15, 16, 58, 112, 132
systemic effects of 306
treatment with 183, 309
use of 1, 72, 220
with botulinum toxin 206
with concomitant oral 311
with dermabrasion 206
with dermasanding 205
with fillers 206
with lasers 204
with microdermabrasion 205
with microneedling 206
with subcision 206
Chemical peel pearls 318
patient
education 318
selection 318
peel plan 319
peel preparation technique 319
peeling technique 319
postpeel care 320
prepeel care 318
Chemical peeling 2, 30, 35, 131, 140, 192, 202, 206, 259, 270, 274, 286, 301, 309
agent 277b, 292
medium-depth 109b
complications 154
for pseudofolliculitis barbae 283
for scarring 283
in dermatoses 264
indications for 276t
mother of 274
of skin 170
superficial 132
to stratum papillare, middle-depth 132
Chemical peeling in sensitive skin 248
complications 250
contraindications 249
indications 248
patient preparation 249
precautions 250
priming 249
Cholecalciferol 196
Cholesterol, reduces 104
Chromatic tendency, individual 218
Citric acid 24, 37, 102, 175, 182, 185, 186f, 193, 198, 214, 229, 253
containing 1
party peel 253
peel 253
Citrus fruits 24
Claze peel 171
Cold aloe vera lotion 144
Coleman's combination 109
Coleman's peel 48, 66, 133, 158
Collagen
effect on 240
fibers 7
Colorimetry 219
Combination peel 16, 101, 132, 180, 183, 189, 193, 252
common formulations 181
in acne 183
in melasma 185
in nonfacial areas 187
postpeeling care 190
prepeel preparation 189
Combination therapies, list of 203
Comedolytic agent 6
Comedolytic properties 310
Cook's total body peel 266
Coronal brow lift 61
Corticosteroid 16
Cosmelan peel 193, 201
Cosmetic and cosmeceutical brands 270
Cosmetic dermatologists 56t
Cosmo peel 193, 199
indications 199
ingredients 199
treatment protocol 199
Cotton-tipped buds 159
C-peel delivery serum 254
Cream 99
formulation 52, 99
Cream-based retinoid peel, application technique for 99b
Crème-postprocedure skin relief, calming 196
Croton oil 18, 122, 123, 143, 144
concentration 146
phenol peels 141, 144, 146
Croton oil-free 125
phenol combination peels 120, 127
indications of 126
Croton tiglium tree 288
Cutaneous macular amyloidosis 187
Cyclohexenyl ring 96
D
Dark skin 223, 274f, 275
histologic features of 274
morphologic features of 274
peeling in 297
types 120, 123, 125, 140, 166, 286
Deep peel 10, 34, 141, 244
agent 123
penetration 31
to cheeks 300f
Demodex mite 44
Deoxyribonucleic acid 314
Dermaceutic solution 198
Dermal fibroplasia, reticular 12
Dermal necrosis, risk of 137
Dermal papillae 6
Dermal proteins 102
Dermal regeneration 5
Dermamelan peel 193, 201
indication 201
ingredients 201
procedure 201
Dermatitis, contact 90, 93, 115, 155, 304
Dermatology 72, 144
Desonide 190
Diazepam 147
Distilled water 144
Dithranol 262f
Dizziness 306
DNA mutations, mitochondrial 240
Dry ice 144
plus trichloroacetic acid peel 143
Dyschromia 42, 65, 101, 181, 241
mild 241
treating for 90
E
Edema 304
mild 56
Elastic fibers 243
Electrocardiography 146
Electrolytic abnormalities 147
Endothelial growth factor, vascular 241
Enterobacter aerogenes 79
Enzyme
peel 193, 233, 257
advantages of 257
tyrosinase 27
Epidermal appendages 5
Epidermal cell 224
layers 7
Epidermal dyschromias 74
Epidermal edema 9
Epidermal exfoliation 277
Epidermal glycosaminoglycans 234
Epidermal growth 194, 261
factor 313
Epidermal keratinization 72
Epidermal keratinocyte 143, 163
Epidermal melanin 163
redistributes 27
Epidermal melasma 65, 185, 211, 213
Epidermal pallor 8
Epidermal proteins 102
Epidermal regeneration 12
Epidermal skin growths, benign 192
Epidermal sliding 10
Epidermal thickness, increased 6f
Epidermis 7, 30
coagulation of 114
thicker 96
Epidermolysis 47, 52, 148
Epithelioid cells 87
Erythema 33, 55, 56, 68, 83, 91, 102, 104, 127, 138, 173, 240, 284, 291, 304, 305
and pigmentation 84
endpoint of 55
no 47
pink 75
prolonged 93, 124
Erythematous macules 231f
Erythromycin 147
Escherichia coli 79
Esterified solution 24
Ethnic skin 108, 123, 277b, 288, 297
population 277
Ethyl macadamiate 280
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 171
Exfoliate skin 3
Exoderm formula and technique 146
Extracellular matrix, density of 239
Extrinsic aging 239
Eye contact, accidental 91
F
Face peel procedure 53
Face towels 176
Facial dermatitis 134
Facial nerve blocks, use of 147
Facial pigmentation, improvement in 42f
Facial rejuvenation 172f
Facial skin 259
Facial warts 44
Facial wrinkles, erases 1
Fair skin 274f
Fentanyl 147
Ferula foetida 174
Ferulac peel 174, 175, 177, 177f, 178f
application of 176f
complications 177
contraindications 176
equipment required for peel 176
formulation 175
indications 175
patient preparation 176
peel technique 176
postpeel care 177
session of 177f
system 177
Ferulic acid 174, 174f, 175, 193, 198, 255
party peel 255
Fibroblasts 103
Fitzpatrick skin, type III 211f
Fitzpatrick's classification 32, 32t, 189, 275t
Fitzpatrick's skin 32, 92, 111, 180, 221
type 176, 276, 286
Fluconazole 147
Fluorouracil 315
peel 314
Fluticasone propionate 99
Follicular canal 224
Follicular hyperkeratinization 223
Folliculitis, reduction of 188f
Folliculocentric cleaning 319
Freckles 14, 134
Free acid 24
Frost 47, 114
Frosting, levels of 65t
Fruit acids 5, 102, 174, 175
Fungal infection 65, 69, 111, 115
G
Galactose 312
Gamma-hydroxypropionic acid 87
Gentle cleanser 113
Glogau classification 241
of photoaging 32b, 241, 242
Glogau's score 159, 176
Glowing powder 254
Gluconic acid 312
Glucosidic form 175
Glutathione peel 313
contraindications 314
indications 314
peel application 313
postpeel care 314
prepeel priming 313
properties 313
side effects 314
Glycolic acid 8, 16, 37, 40, 44, 52, 55, 72, 90, 102, 108, 109, 117f, 120, 132, 142, 158, 159, 160f, 161f, 164, 181, 186f, 187, 187f, 189, 193, 210, 219, 227, 236, 243f, 249, 260, 263f, 276, 288, 309
formulations of 38t
full-face peel 282f
gel 68
regimens for 46t
role of 9, 43t
Glycolic acid peel 7, 37, 40, 40f, 41t, 42f, 47t, 48, 57b, 102, 165, 171, 210, 211, 211f, 220, 221f, 224, 227, 234
advantages of 39, 39t
application of 46f
classification of 38, 38t
complications 47
dermal effects 39
disadvantages of 39, 39t
epidermal effects 38
equipment for 53b
in melasma 41t
mechanism of action 38
preparing patient for 50
preprocedure instructions 50b
procedure of 50
regimens 56t
Glycolic and citric acids 190
Glycolic peel 52, 228
consent 51b
effect of 228
indications of 39
serial 40
session of 228f
Glycolic-hydroquinone cream 142
Glycosaminoglycan 7, 39, 96
Granulation tissue 5
Growth factor beta, transforming 241
Guinea pigs 12
Gylcolic acid 182
H
Habig peel 133
Hand rejuvenation 74
Hematoxylin 6f
Hepatic test 146
Herpes labialis 44
Herpes simplex 139
infection 111, 154
outbreaks 141
virus 30
Herpetic infection 69, 111
Hetter's and Stone's formulas 146
Hetter's croton oil 19f
Hetter's formulas 18
Hetter's regions 146f
Hetter's-Heresy
croton oil-phenol peel formulas 145t
formulas 146
Hexachlorophene 144
Home care products 312
Human immunodeficiency virus 30, 61, 74
Human skin 253
Hyaluronic acid 254
Hyaluronidase 153
Hydrating and anti-inflammation 196
Hydrochlorothiazide 147
Hydrocortisone 99, 100, 206
cream 57
Hydromorphone 147
Hydronutritional cream 201
Hydroquinone 27, 28, 52, 62, 66, 98, 136, 142, 189, 190, 210, 219, 319
creams 211
priming 299
Hydroxy acid 129
cleanser 98f
mild alpha 183
Hydroxy phenoxy propionic acid 280
Hydroxyl acid 24
Hygroscopic nature 65
Hyperemia 173
Hyperpigmentation, disorder of 209, 261
Hyperplastic epidermis 9
Hypoallergenic cream 149
Hypokalemia 147
Hypomagnesemia 147
I
Ice-pick
acne scars 142
scar 149, 150, 288
Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis 110
Infection 69, 135, 139
Inflammation, effect on 241
Inflammatory acne, incidence of 275
Infraorbital nerve 136
Infrared radiation
effect 241
type A 239
Intralesional steroids 115
Intrinsic aging 239, 240
Irritant contact dermatitis 93, 262f
Irritation 68, 304
Isoflavones 254
Isotretinoin
pills 142
therapy 12
Itching 91
J
Jasmonic acid 181
Jawline comedonal acne 225f
Jessener's solution 212
Jessner's and resorcinol peels 86
Jessner's face peel 283f
Jessner's formula 198
Jessner's peel 86, 88f, 91, 93, 134, 137, 212, 226, 227, 232, 278, 282
modified 215f
Jessner's plus, combination 144f
Jessner's solution 5, 6, 810, 16, 18f, 93, 109, 113, 113f, 114f, 120, 124, 132, 137, 214, 215, 224, 243, 244, 283, 287, 290, 298
application of 134, 137
coats of 137
combination of 278
component of 73
dries 92
enhanced 86
modified 15f, 16, 17f, 18f, 278, 299f
multi-coat 116f
peels 7
plus 109
K
Keloid 135, 138
formation 189
scarring 78
Keloidal tendency 207
history of 65
Keratinocyte 6, 72
discohesion 5, 163
Keratitis, superficial 168
Keratolytic agent 6, 224
Keratolytic effects 14
Keratosis
absent 241
pilaris 39, 44, 97, 187
Ketamine 147
Ketorolac 147
Kligman's formula 216
Knees, frictional melanosis of 262f
Koebner's phenomenon 33
Kojic acid 27, 28, 52, 66, 75, 90, 160f, 161f, 164, 182, 185, 186f, 189, 190, 198, 210, 245, 256, 319
L
Lactic acid 24, 28, 37, 50, 72, 87, 90, 102, 109, 137, 143, 164, 175, 181, 182, 185, 186f, 189, 198, 210, 212, 232, 245, 252, 277, 287
amount of 1
complications 232
contraindication 232
inhibits 277
properties of 73
antioxidant 73
bacteriostatic 73
comedolytic 73
contraindications 74
hydrating 73
indications 73
keratolytic 73
patient preparation 74
sebostatic 73
Lactic acid peel 72, 75f, 212, 224, 232
chemical formulations 73
chemistry 72
complications 76
postpeel care 76
precautions 76
Lactic peel 72, 73, 75
Lactobionic acid 254, 312
L-ascorbic acid 253, 254f
Laser hair removal 112
Latin american skin 297
Latina woman with acne scars 150f
Lay peeler's formulas 146
Leaderma 171t
Leathery skin 137
Lemon extract 1
Lentigines 14, 131, 134
Leukoderma 293
Lewis acid 22
Lichen planus lesions 33
Lichen planus pigmentosus 110, 118, 127, 127f, 128f, 263f
hyperpigmentation of 118f
Lichenoid disorders 158
Licorice 28, 189, 210, 293
Lidocaine ointment, topical 144
Life quality index 220
Lipohydroxy acid 78, 279, 309, 316
chemical properties of 309
complications 310
contraindications 310
indications 310
side effects 310
Lipophilic nature 310
Luminous powder 254
M
Macular amyloidosis 261, 263f
Malar areas, bilateral 75f
Malar melasma 211f
Malic acid 24, 37, 102, 175
Mandelic acid 3, 24, 37, 43, 7881, 102, 158, 181, 182, 184f, 187, 187f, 188f, 189, 193, 210, 277, 279
chemical formula 78
Mandelic acid peel 78, 224, 230, 231, 277
complications 80, 231
indications 78
peel technique 80
pigmentary disorders 78
postpeel care 80
Mandelic peel 158, 230
Mask peel 193, 199
indication 199
ingredients 199
treatment protocol 199
Masson trichrome staining 6
Matrix metalloproteinases 240
Mela cream 197, 198
Mela peel 193, 197, 198
forte 193, 198
indications 198
ingredients 198
mechanism of action 198
procedure, ingredients of 198t
treatment 197
indications 197
protocol 198
Melanin grains 242
Melanocompetent 274
Melanostop peel 185, 186f
Melanotoxic chemical 122
Melasma 14, 40, 64, 79, 85, 88, 104, 120, 128, 134, 158, 185, 209, 213, 216, 293f
and dark skin 276
area and severity index 41
quality of life scale 209
dermal-type 19
effect on 103
mixed 185
treatment of 103, 171, 277, 290, 292
Mental nerve 136
Mesoestetic hydra vital factor K cream 201
Metabolic effects 25
Meta-dihydroxybenzene 87
Methemoglobinemia 88
Methoxycinnamic acid 174
Methyl salicylate 65
Midazolam 147
Mid-reticular dermis 17, 123, 129
Milia 116, 134
formation 34
Milk peel 193, 197
treatment 197
indications 197
ingredients 197
protocol 197
Molecular mechanisms 240
Molecules, novel 309
Monheit technique 226
Monheit's and Coleman's combinations 244
Monheit's combination 109, 117, 244
Monheit's peel 66, 133, 278
Monheit's technique 243f
Mono peel 252
Monocarboxylic acids 192
Monoprotic acid 23
Moy technique 92, 227
Mucopolysaccharide 7
density 7
synthesis 25
Mulberry extract 254
Myoinositol hexaphosphate 104
Myristoyl tripeptide-4 196
Myxedema 88
N
Natural moisturizing factor 72
Nausea 93
Necrotic coagulum 148
Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet 205, 236
Neostrata prosystem retinol peel 200
Nephrotoxic acid 265
Nerve blocks 136
Niacinamide 293
Nicotinamide 255
Nitrogen, liquid 144, 312
Nomelan fenol 125
light peel 187, 187f, 188f
medium peel 127f
peels 125f
Nomelan peel 233
Noncomedogenic cream 149
Nonfacial skin 68, 259
Nonhydroquinone bleaching agents 287
O
Obagi's blue peel 133, 134, 193, 195, 279
Ocular complications 69, 116
Office peels 252
Oil massages 189, 190
Oily skin 286
Olive oil 144
Oral contraceptive pills 110
Oral isotretinoin 112, 223, 235
therapy 61
Ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid 59, 87
Oxygen
partial pressure 147
species, reactive 255
P
Papillary dermis 6, 7, 30, 86
level 205
Papillary reticular dermis 7
Papular acne 167f
Papular forehead acne 168f
Papulopustular acne 103
Party peel 201, 252, 254, 256t, 257
advantages 252, 253, 255
application technique 202
indications 202
ingredients 202
Patch test 52
Patchy erythema 47
transient 106
Patient assessment and counseling 30
Peel 110, 135, 215, 235, 260
additives 254
anatomic site of 26
anti-aging 173
applications of combination 180
before 110
blue 137
brands 271t
classification 20
combined 132
common 224, 288
combination 133
complications of 302
concentration of 26, 116
contraindications of 194, 306
cooling, next level of post 312
day 8 of 150f
depth of 15, 120, 301
desired 266
duration of contact with 26
for acne 223
for melasma 41t
for photoaging 239, 242
formulation, choosing 24
freshening 252
glycolic-based combination 180
gold 15f
histological classification of 192, 193t
in acne scars, role of 234
indication for 265
medium-depth 110
medium 7
medium-depth 10, 18f, 64, 69, 108, 110, 110f, 110t, 112, 117f, 120, 124, 131133, 136, 137, 193, 244
chemical formulations 132
chemistry 132
complications 138
contraindications 134
indications 134
patient preparation 135
postpeel care 138
mild 106, 250
name 256t
argipeel 171, 256t
azelac gel 256t
cosderma gel party peel 256t
easy phytic peel 256t
lactipeel 256t
mandelac C 256t
mandelac L 256t
mandelac T 256t
pigment balancing peel 256t
sesglicopeel K 256t
ZO stimulator peel 256t
newer 193, 224, 233, 279
patch testing 120
phenol-based 130
phenol-croton 124
postauricular test 74
priming 172
product, specific 52
proprietary 102, 192, 195
protocol, optimum 120
pumpkin 257
radiant 133
right 235
safe combination 187
selection 142t
self-neutralizing 86
sessions and interval, number of 127
side effects 304
solution 195, 196
stand-alone 101
superficial 5, 6, 16, 32, 61, 67, 86, 165, 243, 298f, 299f, 306
depth 65
light 193
termination and duration 114
test 33, 52, 113
tray, typical 113
treatment
intervals for 57
repeat sessions of 314
types of 193
user-friendly 63
with properties and effects 182t
yellow 163
Peel agents
advantage of combined 133
medium-depth 110, 133t
Peel application 62, 113, 254
sequence of 114
Peel complications
factors influencing 302t
handle 307
Peel procedure 66
guidelines 200
in general 194
medium-depth 113f
Peel technique 62, 75, 91, 98, 136, 159, 266, 281t
arrangements 136
preparation 136
Peeling 31, 137
at office 196
effect 114
excessive 284
extra-facial 259
frequency of 106
ingredients, functions of 195t
lack of 57
materials required for 45f
methodology of medium-depth 113
modern era of 122
off, starts 138
procedure 219
progressive 57
safety of medium-depth 117
to deep 123
steps of 45
technique for 45, 83, 315
treatment steps 310
Peeling agent 28, 33, 102, 122, 125, 174, 192
classification of 192
dependent factors 304
newer 193, 193b
superficial 171, 277
Peeling systems
home-based 270
chemistry 270
contraindications 272
indications 271
postpeel care 272
procedure of application 272
Penicillium species 256
Periorbital melanosis 65
Periorbital rejuvenation 172
Periorbital skin 180
Persistent erythema 47, 52, 69, 115, 139, 155, 207
Petrolatum, application of 54
pH 23
Pharmacology and chemical structure 37
Phenol 25, 108, 109, 122, 123, 129, 133, 139, 143, 146, 180, 183, 187, 187f, 188f, 226, 260
application of 10
based peels, timeline of 2t
chemabrasion 151f
technique 147, 150
combination 127
peels 125
concentration of 123
derivative 174f
formulas 144, 146
in skin of color 123
low concentration 125
properties of 123
solutions, modified 122
use of 108, 122
Phenol peel 122, 125, 146, 261, 262f
combination 125
contraindications to 125
light 133
modified 123, 124
Phenol-croton oil 12, 288
peel 126
solutions 124t
Phloretin 174, 175, 175f, 255
structure of 175
Phloridzin 175
Photodamaged skin 74, 110, 264
Photosensitizing drugs 30
Phototype
adverse effects in higher 301t
skin 197t
Phytic acid 37, 102104, 106, 182, 186f, 187, 187f, 188f, 193, 253, 279
combination peels 106
effect of 103
molecule 104
on skin, effects of 103, 105
precipitates 105
solution 279
structure of 104f
Phytic acid peel 79, 102, 104, 105f, 215
complications 106
contraindications 106
drawbacks of 106
indications 105
postpeel care 106
technique 105
Phytic peel 279
easy 279
Phytin 104
Pigmentary abnormalities 115
Pigmentary changes, prevention of 52
Pigmentary complications 304
Pigmentary disorders 14, 78, 192, 193, 203, 204, 264, 310
recalcitrant 205
Pigmentary dyschromias 110, 126
Pilosebaceous glands 31
Poikiloderma 134
Polyethylene glycol 298, 298f
Polyhydroxy acid 193, 254, 312, 316
party peels 254
Polyprotic acid 23
Pomegranate enzyme 233
Postacne
complications 79
hyperpigmentation 59, 60f, 73, 97f
marks 203
pigmented marks 164
scarring 75f, 120
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation 14, 25, 40, 41, 43, 64, 69f, 109, 110, 118, 141, 142, 153, 155, 188f, 218, 219, 220, 223, 236, 259, 262f, 275, 276, 286, 291, 297
classification of 218
etiopathogenesis of 218
folliculitis with 188f
risk of 28, 303
treatment of 153, 219, 221f, 299f
Postpeel
considerations 298
erythema 34
events, expected 115
expectations 127
guidelines 111
hyperpigmentation 100, 168
instructions 115
photographs 33
regimen for deep peels, alternative 153
with Jessner's solution 293f
Postpeel care 27, 28, 47, 92, 99, 196, 220, 245, 257
avoid scratching 29
bland moisturizer 29
broad-spectrum sunscreen 29
cool water 29
ice compresses 29
mild cleansers 29
regimen 127
Postradiation therapy 12
Potassium iodide 181, 200
Potential systemic toxicity 146
Precancerous and cancerous conditions 262
Prepeel 98, 266
counseling 44
priming 111
regimen 280
skin preparation 98f
sun protection 52
Prepeel care 27, 28
degreasing agents 28
fluorescent additives 28
topical anesthetics 28
Prepeel preparation 26, 98, 194, 286, 297
immediate 53
Prophylactic acyclovir 61
Prophylactic antiviral medication 98
Propionibacterium acne 183, 227, 277, 288
Propofol 147
Protein oxidation, effect on 241
Proteolytic enzymes 257
Prototypical phenol solution 123
Pruritus 68
Pseudofolliculitis barbae 276, 286
Pseudofrost, white 81
Pseudohypopigmentation 155
Pseudomonas 139
Psoriasis 61, 74, 134, 303
presence of 33
Pulsed-dye laser therapy 153
Punctate bleeding 148
Purulent exudate 19f
Pustular acne 105f
Pyruvic acid 82, 83, 85, 109, 133, 134, 137, 181, 182, 193, 215, 231, 244, 279, 300f
Pyruvic acid peel 82, 224, 231
advantages 83
complications 232
contraindications 82, 232
disadvantages 83
formulations 82
indications 82
postpeel care 83
properties 82
side effects 83
Pyruvic peel 84, 84f, 232, 234
R
Red carpet peels 252, 257
Regen-D gel 115
Renal compromise 306
Renal test 146
Renal toxicity 146
Resorcinol 87, 103, 108, 139, 164, 186f, 198
components 215
metabolites 87
peel 226
toxicity 93
Resveratrol 293
Reticular dermis 10, 144
lower 244
upper 7, 30, 244
Retinaldehyde 96
Retinoic acid 15f, 66, 96, 181, 182, 187, 187f, 188f, 193
peel 163, 224
Retinoid 97t, 174
acid 96, 205
boost 92
creams, use of 142
dermatitis 303
topical 210
Retinoid peels 98, 99, 101
yellow color of 99
Retinol 27, 101, 164, 255
cream peel 99f
crème 196
ester 280
Retinol peel 96, 158, 164, 165, 167f, 278
complications of 168
formulations, combinations in 165
response to 167f
side effects of 168
Retinyl esters 96
Retinyl linoleate 280
Revitalize Personal Peel Program 257
Rhytidectomy 61, 146
Rhytides 9
fine 261
Roberts spot peel technique 319
Rolling scar 150
Rosacea 43, 52, 61, 74, 181, 248
Rough skin texture 65
Rucinol 293
Rullan peel's postoperative regimen 153
S
Salicylate toxicity 93
Salicylic acid 3, 15, 27, 34, 43, 59, 63, 78, 86, 91, 104, 108, 139, 159, 160f, 164, 181183, 184f, 186f, 187, 187f, 188f, 190, 198, 210, 219, 221f, 224, 236, 260, 263f, 277, 283, 287, 298f, 309, 316
chemical peeling 136
on pregnancy 272
photomicrograph of 6
Salicylic acid peel 59, 62, 63, 84, 213, 221, 224
complications 63, 225
contraindications 61, 225
indications 59
patient preparation 61
postpeel care 63
practical tips 63
precautions 62
superficial 281
Salicylic mandelic acid 104, 184f
Salicylic peel 158, 225, 319
Salicylic-mandelic acid 41, 78, 80, 183, 228, 282f
Saline eyewash 176
Scabbing 47
Scar 33, 124, 176
and striae 262
hypertrophic 65, 78, 135, 150f, 153
in males 165
treatment 122
Scarring, superficial 73, 101
Sebaceous atrophy 12
Sebaceous glands 6, 32, 103
Sebaceous hyperplasia 14, 297
Sebaceous lighter skin 150
Seborrhea 158, 167f, 181, 225
Seborrheic dermatitis 52
Seborrheic keratoses 14, 65, 131, 134, 297, 314
Sedation 266
and analgesia 144
Sensitive sites, protection of 113
Sensitive skin 172, 248, 303
molecules for 312
Sequential peel 158, 161
complications 160
contraindications 159
indications 159
patient preparation 159
postpeel care 160
practical tips 161
Sesderma 171, 181, 185, 257
Sesglicopeel K gel 185, 186f
peel 181
Skin
and wound healing, histology of 5
appearance 47
barrier compromise 303
defenses 241
deodorization, effect on 103
discoloration 93
dry 303
elasticity, improvement in 103
extra-facial 264
healing 34
health care 1
inflammation 196
irritable 173
lotion 103
microcirculation 173
peeling procedures 108
phototype 275
pigmented 134
preconditioning 142
proteins, coagulation of 25
regeneration, stimulation of 52
rejuvenation 2, 86, 79, 134
resurfacing 200
roughness 84
sensitivity 56
smoothness 84
structure, boosting 180
thickness 159, 176
treated 120
type 26, 32t, 111, 113, 141, 275t, 289
whitening 104
wound repair 12
Skin aging
advanced 197
mild-to-moderate 197
Skin burns 141
blistering and 116
Skin care
post-treatment 81
pretreatment 81
products, preprocedure 50
Skin layer
ablation of 14
target 15
Skin lightening
agents 190, 210
effect 103
Skin moisture 103
effect on 103
Skin of color 122
modifications for 122
Skin of neck
after chemical peeling 133f
before chemical peeling 133f
Skin priming 27
prior 26
Skin scars
chemical reconstruction of 68, 124, 133, 134, 142, 152f, 288, 291
technique, reconstruction of 230
Slit-lamp examination 116
Sodium bicarbonate rinse 144
Solar lentigines 42, 64, 117, 118
Solar melanosis, treatment of 299f
Sour milk 24
Spillage, accidental 116, 136, 140
Spot peel technique 283
Spotty erythema 47
Staphylococcus 139
aureus 79, 183
epidermidis 183
Stellate cells 103
Steroid
concomitant 303
cream 93
low potency 100
damaged face, topical 248
induced acne, topical 235
Stone phenol 124
Stone Venner-Kellson formula 261
Stratum basale, peeling to 132
Stratum corneum 163
lower level of 72
Streptococcus 139
Stretch marks 97
Strip technique 266
Subsequent coats 126
Sulfur bonds, disrupts 123
Sulfuric acid 25
Sun protection factor 293
Sunscreen 50
Sun-tanned skin 187f
Superficial peels, combining 311
Supratrochlear nerve 136
Switch peel 158
Systemic steroids 115
T
Tachycardia 147
risk of 147
Tartaric acid 24, 37, 102
containing 1
Telangiectasias 34, 239, 241
Terfenadine 147
Terminative peels 165
Tetra-hydro-jasmonic acid 199
Thioctic acid 254
Tinnitus 93
Tissue
dermal 131, 192
epidermal 131, 192
radiated 12
Titanium dioxide 99
Tocopheryl linoleate 280
Tranexamic acid 315
Transepidermal water loss 180
Tretinoin 27, 50, 96, 97, 101, 142, 189, 210
accelerates epidermal proliferation 27
activates 96
cream 12, 90
Tretinoin peel 165, 219, 233
complications 233
Triazolam 147
Trichloroacetic acid 2, 8f, 15, 17f, 25, 28, 41, 64, 92, 102, 109, 117f, 122, 133, 133f, 143, 144f, 145f, 152f, 158, 164, 180, 187f, 188f, 192, 195, 204, 210, 219, 230, 243, 260, 263f, 277, 283, 291, 293f, 298, 300f, 304
mechanism of action 64
spot peel 283f
technique 144
Trichloroacetic acid peel 48, 64, 67f, 68, 68f, 69, 70, 89f, 92, 145f, 213, 214, 214f, 224, 229, 229f, 263f, 278
combination treatments 66
complications 230
contraindications 65, 230
delayed effects 68
formulations 64
immediate effects 68
indications 65
method of application 66
postpeel care 67
preprocedure care 66
side effects 68
TCA cross 68
Trichloroethanoic acid 64
Tricholoroacetic acid 213
Triprotic acid 23
Truncal acne 261f, 264
Tyrosinase inhibitors 50
preventive application of 52
U
Ultraviolet radiation 239
Uniform faint erythema 47
Unna's paste 87
Urticaria 47
V
Valaciclovir 61, 98
Vesiculo-bullae formation 144
Vi peel 279
Viral infection 111
Visual analog scale 220
Visual staging 267t
Vitamin
A 163, 233
C 93, 319
peel 253
properties of 178
E 104, 201
properties of 178
K 201
Vitiligo 61, 74, 129
W
Warts 85
Watchful eye 173
Whitfield's ointment 224
Wiest-Walker peel 133
Wood's lamp
examination 219
visualization 28
Wound healing 5, 12, 112
comparison of 9
X
Xanthelasma 64
Y
Yeast infection 155
Yellow peel 163, 164, 166, 168, 233
chemical formulations of 163
chemistry of 163
complications 168
contraindications for 166
formulations of 164t
indications for 164, 164t
ostpeel care 168
patient preparation 166
photoaging 164
pigmentation 165
technique 166
Z
Zinc oxide 99
×
Chapter Notes

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