A
Abnormal pap test 4
Absolute lymphocyte count 63
Absolute neutrophil count 167
Acetazolamide 134
Acid-fast bacilli 96
Acneiform lesions 125
Acute bronchitis 140
Acute human immunodeficiency virus 4
Acute primary infection 173
Adalimumab 135
Adenosine deaminase 106
Adherence monitoring 65
Adrenal hemorrhage 154
Adrenal insufficiency 154
Adrenal steroidogenesis 155
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 155
Advanced stage of disease 76
Aerosolized-pentamidine prophylaxis 138
Alafenamide 195
Alanine aminotransferase 50
Alanine transminase 54
Alcian blue stains 127
Alcoholic hepatitis 13
Alemtuzumab 135
Alendronate 184
Alpha mating types, virulence of Cryptococcus 123
American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases 195
Amphotericin-B 165
Amplified mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test 102
Anal carcinoma 9
Angular cheilitis 174
Antenatal blood testing 77
Antenatal care 12
Antenatal drug supplementation 78
Antibodies to HIV 12
Antigen detection assays 106
Anti-granulocyte-macrophage 124
agents dosing
adjustment of 150
fixed drug combination 42
second-line regimens 43
baseline laboratory tests 50
benefits of early start 49
classification of 27
early initiation of 49
eligibility for 49
guidelines for initiation of 51t
history taking before initiation of 50
how to monitor 61
laboratory monitoring of 65
laboratory tests prior to initiation of 28f
monitoring for associated allergic reactions 66
mortality, impact of 118
presence of other opportunistic infections 51
start in adults and adolescents 52
tuberculosis patients 113
treatment 54
aim of second-line 58
clinical scenario 58
drug combination 59
failure definitions 57
first line failure: follow-up and monitoring 56
first-line treatment protocol 54
fixed dose combination drug 55
mortality on 57
outcomes during the first six months of therapy 56
preferred regimen 58
pregnant and breastfeeding women 56
presence of opportunistic infections 56
second-line treatment 58
various medications available in India 43
Antituberculosis drug-related, side effects 116
Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy 224
Arterionephrosclerosis 149
Aspartate aminotransferase 50
Aspartate transminase 54
Atovaquone 141
Atypical mycobacterium 165
Auramine 97
Autoimmune diseases 13
Autoimmune thyroid disease 157
Autologous stem cell transplantation 171
Avascular necrosis 228
Azidothymidine 29
Azoles 129
Azotemia 142
B
Bacillary angiomatosis 177
Bacterial infections 57
Bacterial pneumonia 118
Bactrim 165
Barrier contraceptives 84
Bartonella henselae 177
Baseline CSF culture 131
Basidiomycete yeast 121
Bereavement care 223
Betadine 208
Bisphosphonates 184
Bleomycin 170
Blood loss 165
Blood splashes 46
Body mass index 183
Bone, diagnosis of 182
Bone, health in HIV/AIDS 181
Bone marrow aplasia 164
Bone marrow culture sterile 227
Bone marrow failure 164
Bone marrow infection 165
Bones, effect of HIV on 181
Breastfeeding 84
Brentuximab vedotin 170
Bronchoalveolar lavage 140
Bronchogenic carcinoma 9
Bronchospasm, presence of 227
Burkitt's large B-cell lymphoma 8
Burkitt's lymphoma 169
C
Caffeic acid medium 128
Calcitonin 184
Calcofluor white stain 127
Candida albicans 177
Candidiasis 177
Cavitatry lesion 116
CD3-positive cells 68
CD4 decline 22
CD4 depletion 162
CD4, estimation flow cytometry-based 69f
CD4, imbalance of 162
CD4 monitoring when on treatment, latest recommendations for 62
CD4 percentage, measuring 63
CD4 protein 163
CD4 recovery 56
CD4 surface membrane protein 162
CD4 thymic lymphocytes 162
CD4+ T cell count 28
CD4+ T cells, progressive depletion of 61
Cellulitis 125
Centroblastic lymphoma 168
Cerebral edema: acute, management of 134
Cerebral toxoplasmosis 6
Cervical cancer 4
Cervical neoplasia, women for diagnosis of 77
Cervicovaginal secretions 76
Cesarean section 73
Chemokine coreceptor antagonists 152
Child Health Programme 77
Chloramphenicol 128
Chronic diarrhea 4
Chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis 199
Chronic liver and renal disease 124
Chronic meningitis 125
Classical tests, alternate to 17
Clindamycin 141
Cobicistat 44
Colorectal carcinoma 9
Communication skills 222
Condom less anal intercourse 212
Contraception 83
Cortisol levels 156
Cotrimoxazole 78
Creatine phosphokinase elevation of 29
Creatinine clearance monitoring 206
Cryptococcal antigen 133
Cryptococcal isolates 129
clinical manifestations 125
diagnosis 121
host factors 123
in AIDS 125
laboratory diagnosis 126
pathogen 121
pathogenesis 124
percentage positivity of diagnostic tests in 126t
prevention 135
prognosis and outcome 135
radiology 131
Cryptosporidium 52
Culture filtrate protein 10 109
Cup insemination 88
Cushing's syndrome 156
Cyclophosphamide 169
CYP3A inducers 196
CYP3A4 40
Cytochrome P450 196
Cytopenia in human immunodeficiency virus infection 166
Cytosine analog 30
D
Dacarbazine 170
Dapsone 165
Demodex folliculorum 177
Denosumab 184
Deoxyribonucleic acid microarrays 109
Dermatophyte infections 177
Dexamethasone 134
Dideoxyinosine 42
Dideoxynucleosides 38
Diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide 139
Direct fluorescent staining for mycobacteria 97f
Direct microscopy CSF analysis 126
Directly acting antivirals 194
Directly observed therapy (DOT) 114
Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis 174
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 164
Drug susceptibility testing 96
Dry cough subfebrile 138
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan 182
Dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 91
Duovir N kit (Cipla) 59
Dyspnea 138
E
Early infant diagnosis 82
Early secreted antigenic target 6 109
ECG changes at presentation in STEMI 122t
Edema 148
Effective fungicidal activity, measurement of 128
Empiric therapy 114
End of care for HIV/AIDS patients and their family 222f
End of life care 222
Endotracheal aspirates 140
End-stage renal disease, incidence of 148
Enfuvirtide 152
Enlarging intracranial tuberculomas 116
Entry inhibitors 37
ENV gene product groups 75
Enzyme immunoassays 130
Erythematous flat 173
Erythropoietin 166
Ethionamide 176
Etoposide 169
European Association for the Study of the Liver 195
Extracerebral toxoplasmosis 6
Extrapulmonary TB 95
F
Fat accumulation 39
Fat cells, apoptosis of 38
Fenofibrate 40
Fetal scalp electrode insertion 76
Fluorescent microscopy 97
Fluorimetric microparticle technology 14
Fluvastatin 40
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 152
Folic acid deficiency 165
Follicle-stimulating hormone 158
Folliculitis 175
FRAX tool 183
Fresh blood on penetrating instrument 209
Fumarate 189
Fungal infections 174
G
Ganciclovir 165
Gemfibrozil 40
Genetic polymorphism 148
GeneXpert system with cartridge 104f
Giant molluscum 176f
Giemsa stain 7
Glomerular disorders 147
Glomerular filtration rate 148
Glomerulonephritis 148
Glucocorticoid resistance 156
Glucose homeostasis 159
Glucose-6-phosphate 141
Gomori methenamine silver fungal stain 127
Gonadal dysfunction, drugs causing 159
Gonadotropin secretion 159
Granulocyte colony stimulating factors 167
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors 167
Gynecomastia: combination of ritonavir and lopinavir 35f
H
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 170
Hemoglobin consisting of 65
acute infection 188
chronic infection 188
clinical syndromes 187
coinfections with 186
drug dosages 189
pathogenesis 186
vaccination 189
viremia 187
Hepatomegaly 77
Herpes zoster infection 174
Hiccups 222
Higher viral load and lower CD4 cell count 193f
Histoplasma 165
Histoplasmosis 140
Hodgkin's disease 9
Hormonal contraceptives 83
Host defenses 124
Human herpes virus 8 225
and hepatitis B virus (HIV-HBV), coinfection 186
and hepatitis C virus, coinfection 191
disease burden 191
effect on immune system 195f
effects of kinetics 192
liver transplantation in coinfected patients 199
meta analysis data 194f
risk factors for 191f
and kidney 147fc
and tuberculosis therapy, optimal timing of 119
antibody-based tests 12
associated collapsing glomerulopathy
clinical manifestations 148
diagnosis 148
natural history 149
pathogenesis 147
pathology 148
treatment 148
culture 15
detection of 10
patterns of disease progression 12
window 10
DNA 15
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 11
host response to 11f
infected patient on antituberculous, medications monitoring 115
infected patients on ART 117
infected patients, principles of fertility of management of 87
infection
acute, detection of 16
affect fertility 87
laboratory diagnosis 12
management of 49
medication, common side effects of 40f
on the course and outcome of pregnancy, effect of 75
P24 antigen detection 15
patients desiring pregnant 86
positive patients, safer options for 88
positive pregnant woman 76
positive women 73
related malignancies 8
reservoir 170
resistance testing 28
RNA polymerase chain reaction 15
serodiscordant couples 74
stages of 10
acute infection stage 11
chronic asymptomatic phase 11
skin involvement 173
TB coinfected patients 95
testing legal aspects of 17
confidentiality 17
mandatory testing 17
pre-test counseling 17
social aspects of 17
type 2 infection 22
vertical transmission, clinical trials on prevention of 79
viral load monitoring, recommendations for 63
viral load tests 64
Abbott RealTime HIV-1 64
Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 test 64
Cobas HIV-1 quantitative NAT 64
Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 test 64
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS
and gonadal dysfunction in women 159
causes of pain in 220
infection laboratory diagnosis of 10
suspect 4
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)
RNA quantification 64
Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2)
coreceptor tropism 24
detection 20
endemic country 22
immunoblot test 23
infection 22
diagnosis 23
monitor 23
rapid test 23
suspect 23
therapy 23
Human immunodeficiency-infected individuals 133
Hyperbilirubinemia 34
Hypercortisolemia 156
Hyperkalemia 142
Hypertriglyceridemia 65
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal 155
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis 158
I
Immature fetal immune system 76
Immune cytopenia 164
Immune hemolytic anemia 164
clinical features 226
diagnosis 225
differential diagnosis 226fc
management of 228f
nontuberculous mycobacteria 227
occurrence of 226
pathogenesis 224
prevention 228
risk factors 225
treatment 227
with tuberculosis 226
Immune reconstitution syndrome 125
Immunization, follow-up 82
Immunoblastic lymphoma 168
Immunocompetent hosts 124
Immunological dysfunction (B cell disease) 13
In vitro fertilization 88
India ink mount 127f
Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver 195
Ineffective erythropoiesis 163
Infection in relation with CD4 cell count 6f
Infections and malignancies 5
Infectious Diseases Society of America 133
Infective dermatoses 174
bacterial infections 175
fungal infections 177
parasitic infections 177
viral infections 174
Inflammatory diseases 178
Injecting drug users 4
Insulin resistance and diabetes 154
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor 195
Interferon gamma release assays 108
Intracranial pressure elevated 134
Intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 83
Intranatal period 75
Intrapartum management 80
Intrapartum period 76
Intrauterine contraceptive devices 84
Intrauterine device, insertion of 82
Intrauterine growth rate, development of 75
Intrauterine insemination 88
Iron deficiency 165
Ivermectinis 177
L
Lactic acidosis 43
Latex agglutination test, strip for Cryptococcus 129
Leprosy 13
Lesion in brain, MRI space occupying 7f
Light-emitting diode fluorescent microscopy 98
Line immunoassay 13
Lipid abnormalities 40
Lipoatrophy 38
Liposomal amphotericin B 8
Long-term nonprogressors, subset of 12
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification 105
Low CD4 counts 139
Lowenstein-Jensen media 99
Luteinizing hormone normal levels of 158
Lymphoma 154
Lymphomas in human immunodeficiency virus, risk factors for 169
Lymphoproliferative diseases in HIV infections, spectrum of 167
M
M184 mutation 30
Malaise 214
Male sterilization 82
Malignancies infiltrating bone marrow 165
Mannitol 134
Maternal blood 76
Maternal chorioamnionitis 76
Maternal high viral load 85
Maternal immunization 77
Maternal low CD4 counts 85
Maternal malnutrition 76
Mean corpuscular volume 29
Measles 78
Medication-related endocrinopathies 154
Megestrol acetate 155
Melanomas 9
Metabolic issues and complications 38
Metabolic problems 43
Meyer's mucicarmine stain 127
Microangiopathy hemolytic anemia 164
Microsponidosis 52
Mitochondrial toxicity of, anti-retro viral therapy 38f
Mixed feeding 85
Molecular assays 13
Molecular DNA 16
Molecular methods 130
Monoclonal antibody 124
Monoclonal antibody, against RANKL 184
Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation 210
MTBDRplus test strips 103f
Mucosal exposure 46
Mucous membrane exposure 209
Multidrug anti-retro viral therapy 73
Multidrug-resistant systemic fungal infections 199
Multifocal leukoencephalopathy 51
Multiple pregnancies 13
Multiple transfusions 13
Mumps 78
Myalgia 214
Mycobacterial antigen, detection of 112
Mycobacterial cell wall 107
Mycobacterial tuberculosis
colonies on Lowenstein-Jensen medium 99f
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare 176
MYH9 gene encoding myosin 148
Myobacteria tuberculosis 154
N
National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories 63
National HIV Testing Policy 17
National Strategies and Algorithm for HIV Testing, guidelines 18
Needle in contact with blood vessel 209
Nephrotic range proteinuria 148
Neutropenia 164
Neutropenia lower, risk for developing 166
Non-AIDS-defining cancers 8
Noncommercial culture-based methods 101
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 165
Noninfective dermatoses 178
Nonoccupational injury 216
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 227
Nontuberculous mycobacteria species 100f
Nucleic acid amplification technologies 101
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification 16
Nucleoside naive 190
Nucleoside analogs 150
Nutritional anemia 164
O
Occupational exposure 216
Onprotease inhibitors 160
Onychomycosis 177
Oral hairy leukoplakia 174
Oral hormonal contraceptives 83
Oral mucosa 208
Oral sex 210
Oral, vaginal contact 210
Organ, donation safety 18
Organ in opportunistic infections 5f
Osteopenia 183
Osteoporosis 183
Osteoporotic HIV infected individuals 184
Oxygenation 139
P
P24 antigen 74
P24 HIV antigen 12
Palliative care, components of 219
Papilledema 125
Papular pruritic, eruptions cases of 178
Parvovirus b19 165
Patterns of disease progression
elite controllers 12
long-term nonprogressors 12
rapid progressors 12
typical progressors 12
Pediatric HIV infection, diagnosis of 16
Pelvic inflammatory disease 4
Penicillium marneffei, dimorphic fungus 7
Perihilar infiltrates 143
Periodic acid Schiff stain 127
Peritoneal dialysis 150
Persistent pyrexia 116
Phospholipase production 123
Pneumocystis carinii 164
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis 137
clinical features of pulmonary disease 138
diagnosis 139
differential diagnosis 140
incidence 138
microbiology 137
pathogenesis 137
presumptive diagnosis 140
risk factors 138
secondary prophylaxis 142
treatment of 141
Podocytes proliferation of 148
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 87
Polysaccharide capsule, measuring 121
Poor pregnancy outcome 75
Positive acid-fast bacilli 115
Postexposure prophylaxis 207
based on human and animal trials 211
course of development 207
efficacy of 211
follow-up after occupational exposure 215
formulation of 207
higher-risk exposures 209
HIV prevention counseling 214
lower-risk exposures 210
management and evaluation of exposure 208
occupational exposure 208
occupational regimen 212
preferred alternative nonoccupational 213
problem statement 207
recommended nonoccupational 212
risk modification among users of 212
timing and duration of 210
Postnatal periods 75
Pravastatin 40
Preconception counseling 87
initiation of 203
regimens for 205
therapy
adverse effects and management 205
clinical follow-up and monitoring 205
evaluation of 204
goals of 204
indications 204
stopping of 205
Pregnancy with HIV infection, management of 77
antenatal management 77
criteria for ART initiation 79
monitoring during pregnancy 78
prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV 78
principles of 80
Prenatal counseling 73
Preterm birth 75
Preterm delivery increased risk of 75
Preterm rupture of the membranes 81
Primaquine 141
Primary isolation media 128
Prolonged contact of the fetus 76
Prolonged rupture of membranes 76
Prostate carcinoma 9
Pseudomonal infection 176
Pulmonary Koch's 57
Pulmonary tuberculosis
diagnostic algorithm for adult 110fc
screening for 95
testing and screening for 95
Pyrimethamine 7
Q
Qualities of a good death 223
Quality of life during the dying process 223
Quantiferon TB gold 109
Qvir kit (Cipla) 59
R
Radioimmunoprecipitation assay 13
Raised intracranial pressure 228
Rapid HIV tests 13
Rapid progressors 12
Rapid screening tests 12
Real-time PCR technology 64
Receptive penile 210
Recombinant immunoblot assay 75
Relapsed infections 134
Renal and hepatic dysfunction 142
Renal replacement therapy: HIV infection 150
Retroviral ribonucleic acid 42
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors 165
Reverse transcriptase PCR 16
Rhabdomyolysis 40
Rheumatologic disorder 124
Rhodamine 97
Ribavirin 199
Rifabutin 117
Risodronate 184
Rituximab 169
Rosuvastatin 40
Rubella 78
S
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar, primary isolation media 128
Salmonellosis 118
Sarcoidosis 124
Sarcoptes scabiei 177
Sclerotic glomeruli, large number of 149
Seborrheic dermatitis, inflammatory disease 178
Secondary hypothyroidism 158
Semen preparation, principles of 89
Serial testing strategy 18
Seroconversion during pregnancy 76
Serological tests 108
Serology 129
Severe osteoporosis 183
Sex hormone-binding globulin 159
Sexual activity, timing of 88
Sick euthyroid 157
Signs of
advanced HIV infection 77
concomitant STDs 77
drug reaction 179
problems in pregnancy 87
progression of disease 68
Skin malignancies 178
Skin manifestations in HIV 173
Solid organ transplant 124
Species identification 128
Sperm preparation stages of 89f
Spider angiomata 77
Spinal cord granuloma 125
Splenomegaly 77
Staphylococcus aureus infection 175
Stavudine-Didanosine: combination 215
Stigmata of advanced liver disease 77
Storage phase 90
Sulfadiazine 7
Sulfamethoxazole 78
Suppurative bacterial infections 157
Syndromes
defining cancers 8
infected females 8
related lymphomas 8
acute flu-like 12
acute retroviral 215
androgen deficiency 159
clinical 187
Fanconi-like 31
hemophagocytic 165
hepatopulmonary syndrome 199
hypersensitivity 66
organ dysfunction 162
sick euthyroid 157
Synthetic estrogen receptor modulators 184
Syphilis tests for 77
Systemic lupus erythematosus 106
T
Tachycardia 138
Tachypnea 138
Taxonomy 121
Teevir (Mylan) 59
Tellura (Mylan) 59
Tenolam E (Hetero) 59
Testicular carcinoma 9
Testosterone versus total testosterone 159
Thrombocytopenia 164
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 164
Thyroid gland 157
Thyroiditis 157
Thyroid-stimulating hormone 157
Tinea capitis 177
Tinea corporis 177
Tinea cruris 177
Tissue biopsy 140
Toxic epidermal necrolysis 179f
Toxoplasma 154
Toxoplasma antibody titer 28
Transaminases, elevation of 29
Transforming growth factor-β 163
Transgenders 4
Transient viremia 64
Transmission of HIV to the fetus 76
Trimethoprim 78
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), high-dose 164
Trioday (Cipla) 59
Triomune (Cipla) 59
Trustiva (Hetero) 59
Tubercular pericarditis, management of 228
Tuberculin skin test 108
Tuberculoma expansion 227
Tuberculosis
cases of 95
diagnosis of multidrug-resistant 96
diagnostic technology 96
duration of therapy 117
in HIV 112
diagnosis 112
infected patient approach to treatment 113
treatment of 112
incidence, effect on 113
infection tests for detecting latent 108
prognosis 118
screening for 50
testing for drug-resistant 96
therapy choice of 114
treatment efficacy of 115
Tubular disorders 149
U
Unmet needs: tuberculosis diagnostics 109
Urease production 123
Urine routine microscopy 50
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 80
US Food and Drug Administration 27
V
Vaginal sex 210
Vinblastine 170
Vincristine 169
Viraday (Cipla) 59
Viral failure 65
Viral replication cycle, steps of 28f
Viral ribonucleic acid 166
Viral treatment failure 64
Virchow-Robin spaces 131
Virulence factors 123
Visceral leishmaniasis 157
Visual abnormalities 117
Visual analogue scale 58
Visual scale: grade HIV-related facial lipoatrophy 39f
Vitamin-D deficiency 181
Volatile organic compounds 107
Vulvovaginal candidiasis 177