A
AA protein, 36
Aberrant thyroid, 490
Absolute values, 255
Acetyl choline receptors (AChRs), 538
Achalasia, cardia, 418
Acidophil body, 458
Achondroplasia, 512
Acid phosphatase, 509
Acoustic neuroma, 562
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 283
Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 424
Adenoma-carcinoma sequence colon, 444
Adhesion molecules, cellular, 9
African iron overload, 32
AL protein, 35
Albinism, 31
Albright syndrome, 516
Alkaline phosphatase, 508
Alkaptonuria, 31
Alveolar soft part sarcoma, 227
Aminotransferase, 454f
AA protein, 36
Aβ-microglobulin in, 36
cardiac, 40
classification of, 38t
endocrine, 40
haemodialysis-associated, 39
immunohistochemistry in, 41
kidneys, 41
liver, 42
localised, 40
metachromasia in, 40
P-component of, 35
primary systemic, 39
primary versus secondary, 39t
secondary systemic (reactive), 39
senile, 40
staining of, 40t
transthyretin in, 36
tumour-forming, 40
Amyotropic lateral sclerosis, 548t
Cooley's, 277
extravascular versus intravascular, 270t
Fanconi's, 279t
isoimmune, 271
microangiopathic, 272
of chronic disorders, 262
Anaplasia, 174
Anasarca, 48
Anencephaly, 232
Aneuploidy, 233
Aneurysmal bone cyst, 517
Angioedma, 131
Angiosarcoma, 380
Anisocytosis, 278
Anisonucleosis, 174
Anitschkow cells, 339f
Ankyrin, 273
Ann Arbor staging, 322t
Anti D, 271
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 49
Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs), 372
Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), 372
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA), 67
Antigen-antibody complex, 133
Antiplatelet, aspirin, 287
Antioxidants, 16
Antithrombin, 67
Antoni A and B, 562f
Aortitis, syphilitic, 373
Aphthous ulcers, 410
Aplasia, 231
APUD cell system, 476
Ariboflavinosis, 248
Arsenic poisoning, 31
Arnold-Chiari malformations, 542
Arteriolosclerosis, 371
Arteriosclerosis,
Mönckeberg's, 372
Arthus reaction, 133
Aspirin therapy, in platelet functions, 287
Asteroid bodies, 113
Ataxia telangiectasia, 191
Atresia, 231
Atypical lymphocytes, 300f
Atypical mycobacteria, 99
Auer rods, 308f
Australia antigen, 455
Autoantibodies, thyroid, 484
Autocoids, 88
Autolysis, 19
Autosomal disorders, 235t
Axial flow, 66
Axonal degeneration, 561
B
Bacillary angiomatosis, 378t
Bagassosis, 397t
Balance, acid base, 46
Ballooning degeneration, 457f
Bantu's siderosis, 32
Barr body, 232
Barrett's oesophagus, 419
Basement membrane, 117
Basophilia, 299
Basophilic stippling, 266
Basophils, 299
BCG vaccination, 100
BCL gene, 190
Bedsores, 24
Bence Jones’ proteins, 37f
Benedict's test, 506
Beriberi, 247
Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 287
β-fibrillosis, 35
β-amyloid protein, 36
β -microglobulin, 36
Betel nut cancer, 183
Bethesda system, 167
Biliary atresia, 452
Biliary cirrhosis, 463t
Bilirubin metabolism, 448
Bird flu, 152
Bitot's spots, 243f
Blackwater fever, 159
Blast crisis in CML, 305
Blastomycosis, 154t
Bloom's syndrome, 191
Boil, 85
Bombay blood group, 292
metastatic tumours in, 528
Bone marrow, 251
Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma, 225
Botulism, 150
Brain, abscess, 545
Bread and butter appearance, 341
Broders’ grading, 181
Brodie's abscess, 510
Bronchiolitis, 396
Bronze diabetes, 32
Brown atrophy, heart, 33
Brown induration, lung, 55
Brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism, 526
Buccal smear, 232f
Buerger's disease, 374
Burkitt's lymphoma, 327
Bursitis, 533
Button-hole appearance, 340
Byssinosis, 397t
C
Cachexia, 205
Cadherins, 9
Caduceus, 2f
Caissons disease, 72
Calcinosis cutis, 26
Calcitonin, 492
Calcitriol, 244f
Calculus, gum, 415
Callus formation, 120
Cambium layer, 225
Cancer, definition of, 169
carcinogens in, 192–02
classification of, 171t
grading of, 181
incidence of, 182
versus benign tumours, 171t
Cancrum oris, 410
Caplan's syndrome, 399
Caput medusae, 471
Carbuncle, 85
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 209
genetic theory of, 185
Carcinoid syndrome, 206t
Carcinoid tumour, 437
Carcinoma, adrenal cortex, 479
Carcinoma, definition of, 169
Carcinoma, nasopharyngeal, 200
Carcinoma, odontogenic, 417
Carcinoma, pancreas, 451
Carcinoma, penis, 183
Carcinoma, prostate, 209t
Cardiac death, sudden, 363
Cardiospasm, 418
Caries, dental, 415
Carotenaemia, 34
Carrier state, viral hepatitis, 457
Castleman's disease, 313
Cavitary lesions of lung, 405t
C-cells, 492
CD markers, 125
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), 9
Cell-mediated reaction, 125
Cellular swelling, 17
Cellulitis, 85
Celsus, 78
metabolic diseases of, 549
Centriole, 8
Cerebral malaria, 159
Chagas’ disease, 158t
Chancre, 111
Charcot-Leyden crystals, 395f
Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 298
Cheilosis, 248
Chemical carcinogens, 194t
Chemoattractants, 82
Chemokines, 90
Chemotaxis, 82
Chickenpox, 153
Chikungunya, 152
Childhood tumours, 184
Chlamydiae, 146t
Chloasma, 31
Chloroma, 308
Choline, 249
Choline esterase, 538
Chondroblastoma, 523
Chondroma, 522
Chondrosarcoma, 524
Chordoma, 527
Chorea minor, 342
Choristoma, 170
Choroid plexus papilloma, 557
Christmas disease, 288
Chromosomes, 232
Chromosomal instability, 183
Chutta cancer, 195
Cicatrisation, 119
classification of, 463t
c-KIT receptor, 187
Clark's levels, 216
Clear cell sarcoma, 227
Clotting time, 283
Cloudy swelling, 17
Coagulation tests, 283
Coagulative necrosis, 19
Codman's triangle, 520
Cold abscess, 511
Cold agglutinin disease, 271
Colliquative necrosis, 19
Colloid carcinoma, stomach, 435
Colloid pressure, 46
Colony forming units (CFU), 251
Colony-stimulating factor, 252
Comedo pattern, 219f
Commensals, 144
Common cold, 152
Complement system, 91
Components, in blood transfusion, 293
Conchoid bodies, 114
Concussion, 554
Condyloma acuminatum, 199
Conjugated versus unconjugated bilirubin, 449t
Consolidation, 383
Contraceptives, oral, 185
Contractures, 119
Cord factor, 100
Coronary syndromes, acute, 356
Corpora amylacea, 166f
Councilman body, 458
Craniopharyngioma, 555t
Craniotabes, 245f
CREST syndrome, 136
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, (CJD), 547
Cryoprecipitate, 293
Cryptorchidism, 164
CSF, source and circulation of, 542
Curling's ulcers, 429
Curschmann's spiral, 395f
Cushing's ulcers, 429
Cystic hygroma, 379
Cytokeratin, 208t
Cytometry, flow, 209
D
Dane particle, 454f
Decay accelerating factor, 272
Decompression sickness, 72
Degeneration, definition, 17
axonal, 561
fibrinoid, 136
hydropic, 17
peripheral nervous system, 561
segmental, 561
vacuolar, 17
Wallerian, 561
Zenker's, 536
Dehydration, 53
Dehydrogenases, test for, 359
Deletions, chromosomal, 234
Dentin, 414
Dependent oedema, 52
DeQuervain's thyroiditis, 483
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 222
Desmin, 208t
Desmoplasia, 176
Desmoplastic small cell tumour, 227
Developmental defects, 231
Devil's pinches, 284
bronzed, 32
classification of, 497t
clinical features of, 501
criteria for diagnosis of, 506t
epidemiology of, 497
gestational, 498
metaboloic syndrome and, 497
normal insulin metabolism in, 498
risk factors for, 497t
Diabetic foot, 24
Diabetic nephropathy, 504
Diabetic retinopathy, 505
Dialysis-associated amyloid, 39
Dialysis-related bone disease, 515
Differentiation of neoplastic cells, 174
Diffuse axonal injury, 554
Diphtheria, 148
Disease, definition of, 1
Divers’ palsy, 72
DÖhle bodies, 297f
Dominant pattern, 235
Donath-Landsteiner antibody, 271
Donovanosis, 146t
Down's syndrome, 233
Downey cells, 300
Dressler's syndrome, 362
Dropsy, 48
Drumstick appendage, 232f,
Dukes’ staging, 447
Dupuytren's contracture, 119
Dura mater, 541
Dysraphic anomalies, 231
E
Ectopia, 231
Ectopic hormone production, 205
Eicosanoids, 88
Elastofibroma, 220
Electron microscopy, 209
Electrophoresis, haemoglobin, 278
Electrophoresis in myeloma, 332f
Elephantiasis, 49
Embden-Meyerhof pathway, 274
air, 72
amniotic fluid, 73
arterial, 70
atheromatous, 73
classification of, 69
paradoxical, 69
retrograde, 69
systemic, 71
venous, 70
Embolus, 69
Embryoma, 170
Enamel, 414
Encephalocele, 542
Enchondroma, 522
atypical verrucous, 343
fungal, 347
Libman-Sacks, 343
Löeffler's, 299
nonbacterial thrombotic (NBTE), 343
rheumatic, 341
syphilitic, 347
tuberculous, 347
verrucous, 343
viral, 347
Endocrine organs, 476
Endoplasmic reticulum, 8
Eneteritis, necrotising, 150
Enterochromaffin cells, 439
Enterocolitis, necrotising, 150
Eosinophilic granuloma, 333
Ependyma, 541
Epidermodysplasia
verruciformis, 199
Epidural haematoma, 553
Epithelioid sarcoma, 227
Epulis, 411
Erdheim's medial degeneration, 376
ER/PR markers, 208f
Erythema marginatum, 342
Erythema, nodosum leprosum (ENL), 109
Erythrocytosis, 306
Erythrophagocytosis, 147
Erythroplasia, oral cavity, 412
Erythropoietin, 252
Eumycetoma, 156
Exanthemata, viral, 153
Exostosis, osteocartilaginous, 522
Extravascular versus intravascular haemolysis, 270t
Exudate versus transudate, 48t
F
FAB classification, 303
of acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), 316
of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 307
of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 309
Fabry's disease, 236
Fallot's tetralogy, 337
Familial Mediterranean fever, 40
Fanconi's anaemia, 279
Fas receptors, 22f
Fat aspiration, abdominal, 437
Fat necrosis, 21
Fat stains, 29
Fatty infiltration, stromal, 30
Fenton reaction, 15f
Ferric-ferrocyanide reaction, 31
Ferroportin, 258
Ferroptosis, 19
Fibrinogen, 283
Fibrinoid necrosis, 21
Fibroadenoma, breast, 212
Fibronectin, 117
Fibrosarcoma, 221
Fibrous dysplasia of bone, 516
FIGLU test, 268
Fish-mouth appearance, 340
Fite-Faraco staining, 108f
Flavonoids, 249
Flow cytometry, 209
Fluorosis, skeletal, 515
Focal necrosis, liver, 450
Food poisoning, 150
Fungal stains, 145t
Furuncle, 85
G
Ganglion cyst, 533
Ganglioneuroma, 555t
Gardner's syndrome, 443
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), 433
Genome, human, 4
Giant cell lesions of bone, 526
Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath, 533
Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, 46
Gilbert's syndrome, 452
Gingivitis, 415
GIST (Gastrointestinal stromal tumour), 433
Glanzman's disease, 287
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 208t
Glioblastoma multiforme, 556
Global, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, 550
Globi, 108f
Glomerular injury, 133
Glomerulonephritis (GN), 133
Glomerulosclerosis, nodular, 504
Glomus tumour (glomangioma), 379
Glossitis, 410
Glucose tolerance test (GTT), 506
Glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) deficiency, 274
Glucosuria, 506
Glycogen stains, 30
Glycogen storage diseases, 236
Glycogenoses, 236
Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 507
Goitrogens, 486
Golgi apparatus, 8
Gomori's methenamine silver, 146f
Goodpasture's syndrome, 133
Gout and pseudogout, 532
Grading of tumours, 181
Graft rejection, 129
Graves’ disease, 485
Ground glass nuclei, 490
Guillain-Barre syndrome, 562
Gum, fibrous growth, 441
Gumma, syphilitic, 112
H
5-Hydroxy tryptamine (HT), 87
Haemangioblastoma, 558
Haemangioendothelioma, 378t
Haemangiopericytoma, 378t
Haematoxylin bodies of Gross, 343
Haemochromatosis, 32
Haemodialysis-associated amyloid, 39
Haemoglobin molecule, 254
Haemophilia, 288
Haemoptysis, causes of, 408t
Haemostasis, vascular, 281
Hageman factor, 90
Hamartoma, 170
Hand-Schüller-Christian disease, 333
Hansen's disease, 107
Hapten, 124
Harrison's sulcus, 245
Hay fever, 131
Hb Barts’ hydrops foetalis, 277
Hb C disease, 276
Hb H disease, 277
HDL, 348
Head injury, 553
complications of, 119
factors influencing, 119
mucosal surfaces, 122
muscle, 122
solid epithelial organs,
Health, definition of, 1
Heart failure cells, 55
Heinz body anaemia, 274
Heinz bodies, 274
Henoch-SchÖnlein purpura, 284
Hepar lobatum, 112
Hepatic coma, 472
Hepatoblastoma, 472t
Hepatorenal syndrome, 469
Hephaestin, 258
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, 284
Hereditary hyperbilirubinaemia, 452
Herpes simplex virus, 153
Herpes zoster, 153
Herring-bone pattern, 221
Hess capillary test, 283
Heterophile antibody, 300
Heterotopia, 231
Hippocrates, 2
Histamine, 87
Histiocytosis-X (Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis), 333
Histochemistry, 207
Histoplasmosis, 155
Hodgkin cells, 320
Homogentisic acid, 31
Honey-comb lung, 405
Howell-Jolly bodies, 267t
Human genome project, 4
Human papilloma virus (HPV), 199
Human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), 201
Hutchinson's teeth, 112
Hyaline membrane, lung, 53
Hybridisation, in situ, 209
Hydatid sand, 462f
Hydropic change, 17
Hydrostatic pressure, 46
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 87
Hygroma, cystic, 379
Hyperadrenalism, 477
Hyperaemia, 55
Hyperaldosteronism, 478
Hypercalcaemia, 25
Hyperchromatism, 175
Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma, 503
Hyperparathyroidism, 25
Hyperphosphataemia, 514
contrasting features of, 131t
Hypersensitivity vasculitis, 374
atherosclerosis in, 349
blood vessels in, 371
classification of, 365t
heart disease, 367
in dissecting haematoma, 376
Hypertensive heart disease, 367
Hypertensive retinopathy, 367
Hypertensive arteriolosclerosis, 371
Hyperthyroidism, 482
Hypertrophic scar, 119
Hyperuricaemia, 532
Hyperviscosity, 306
Hypervitaminosis A, 243
Hypervitaminosis D, 245
Hypoaldosteronism, 479
Hypopigmentation, 31
Hypoplasia, 231
Hypoprothrombinaemia, 290
I
Image analysers, 210
Immune complex disease, kidney, 133
Immune complex reaction, 133
Immunodeficiency diseases, 138t
(also see under AIDS),
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 506
Impaired fasting glucose, 506
Implantation cyst, 119
cardinal signs of, 78
causes of, 78
fate of, 86
fever in, 86
haemodynamic changes in, 79
leucocytosis in, 86
regulation of, 86
signs of, 78
versus chronic, 97t
Inflammatory myopathies, 539
In situ hybridisation, 209
Insulin metabolism, 498
Insulitis, 500
Integrins, 9
Intermediate filaments, 208
Internal environment, 45
Intracellular fluid compartments, 45
Intracerebral haemorrhage, 562
Intravascular versus extravascular haemolysis, 270t
Intrinsic factor (IF), 268
Inversions, chromosomal, 234
Involucrum, 510
Iron cycle, 257f
Iron stain, 32f
Irreversibility of shock, 62
Irreversible cell injury, 14
intestines, 25f
Islet cell changes in diabetes, 500
J
Janeway's spots, 346f
Juvenile (retention) polyps, 442
Juvenile polyposis syndrome, 444
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 531
K
Kala-azar, 158t
Kallikrein, 90
Karyolysis, 13f
Karyorrhexis, 14
Keloid, 119
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 136
Keratomalacia, 243
Keratosis, solar, 196
Keratosis, smokers’, 412
Kerley lines, 52
Ketonuria, 506
Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions, 504
Kinin system, 90
Knocked knee, 245f
Knudson two-hit hypothesis, 189
Koch's bacillus, 99
Koch's phenomenon, 100
Korsakoff psychosis, 248
Krukenberg tumour, 180
Kulchitsky cells, 439
Kupffer cells, 93
Kwashiorkor, 241
L
Laennec's cirrhosis, 467
Landsteiner, Karl, 291
Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, 333
Lateral aberrant thyroid, 490
LE cell phenomenon, 136
Leishmaniaisis, 158t
Lentigo, 31
Lepra cells, 109
Leptomeninges, 541
Lesions, definition of, 1
Letterer-Siwe disease, 333
Leukoplakia, oral, 412
Leukotrienes, 89
Lewis experiment, 79
Libman-Sack endocarditis, 343
Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 189
Ligandin, 448
Lines of Zahn, 68
Lipoblast, 223
Lipofuscin, 33
Lipogranuloma, 29
Lipoma, 223
Lipooxygenase pathway, 89
Lipoproteins, 349t
Lipoxin, 89
amoebic abscess, 461
coagulation disorders of, 289
nutmeg, 55
tuberculosis of, 105f
tumours and tumours-like lesions, 472t
CVC of, 55
Lymphangioma, 379
Lymphatic obstruction, 49
Lymphocytosis, 298
Lymphoedema, 49
adult T cell (ATLL), 328
CNS, primary, 558
cutaneous T cell, 328
extranodal marginal zone, 327
follicular, 326
Lymphopenia, 298
Lyon hypothesis, 232
Lysosomal storage diseases, 236
M
M-band, 332
MacCallum's patch, 341
Macrocytes, 266
Macrophage, alveolar, 55
Madura foot, 156
Maffucci's syndrome, 522
Mantoux test, 100
Marasmus, 241
Marble bone disease, 512
Marfan's syndrome, 376
Marjolin's ulcer, 184
McCune Albright syndrome, 516
Medial Erdheim's necrosis, 376
Medullary, definition of, 176
Megakaryocyte, 281
Megakaryopoiesis, 281
Megaloblasts, 266
Melanosis coli, 31
Membrane attack complex (MAC), 91
MEN, 183
Mendelian disorders, 235t
Meningocele, 542
Meningomyelocele, 542
Mesothelioma, 402
Metachromasia, 40
Metamyelocyte, 294
Microarrays, 210
Microcytes, 260
Microfilaria, 160
Microglia, 541
Microorganisms, identification of, 145
Micro-RNAs in cancer, 191
Microsatellite instability mechanism, 445
Mikulicz syndrome, 422
Mitosis, 115f
Mitotic figures, 175
Moniliasis, 156
Monoblast, 295
Monoclonal gammopathy,
of undetermined significance (MGUS), 332
Monoclonal hypothesis, 185
Monoclonality of tumours, 185
Monocytosis, 298
Monosomy, 234
Morphometry, 210
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 424
Mucopolysaccharidoses, 237
Mucormycosis, 155
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), 183
Mutator gene, 190
Mycetoma, 156
Mycobacterium,
avium-intracellulare, 99
Mycobacterium leprae, 107
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 99
Mycosis fungoides, 328
Mycosis, superficial, skin, 157
MYC gene, 188t
Myelin figures, 14
Myelocyte, 294
Myelofibrosis,
Chronic idiopathic, 303t
Myelolipoma, 480
transmural versus subendocardial, 358t
Myocarditis, rheumatic, 341
Myxoedema, 483
N
Naevi, naevocellular, 212
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, anaplastic, 200
Necrosis, 19
bridging, 458
caseous, 20
centrilobular, haemorrhagic, 56
coagulative, 19
colliquative, 19
fat, 21
fibrinoid, 21
massive, liver, 460
piecemeal, 458
submassive, 460
versus apoptosis, 23
Necrotising enterocolitis, 150
Negri bodies, 153
Neonatal hepatitis, 452
Nephritic versus nephrotic oedema, 51t
Neuroendocrine system, 476
Neuroglia, 541
Neutropenia, 297
Neutrophilia, 297
Niacin, 248
Nitrosamines, 194t
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 463t
Nontuberculous mycobacteria, 99
Notochord, 527
Nucleocytoplasmic (N:C) ratio, 174
Nutmeg liver, 55
O
Oat cell carcinoma, lung, 406
Ochronosis, 31
Oestrogen receptors, 208
Oligodendrocytes, 541
Oligodendroglioma, 556
Ollier's disease, 522
Omega-fatty acids, 349
Oncofoetal antigens, 209t
versus anti-oncogenes, 190t
Oncomirs in cancer, 191
Oncotic pressure, 46
Opsonins, 82
Orchitis, 421
Osler's nodes, 347
Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, 284
Osmotic pressure, 46
Ossification, 509
Osteitis deformans, 515
Osteochondroma, 522
Osteogenesis imperfecta, 512
Osteoid osteoma, 519
Osteoma, 519
Osteomalacia, 245
Osteopetrosis, 512
Osteophytes, 529
Osteoporosis, 513
Oxyphil cells, 489
P
Paget's disease of bone, 515
Pancytopenia, 280t
Pannus formation, 530
Papanicolaou, George, 4f
Papanicolaou's (Pap) smear, 167
Paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS), 206t
Parasitism, 144
Parkinsonism, 549
Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria (PCH), 271
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), 272
Paul-Bunnel test, 300
Pelger-Huet anomaly, 297f
Pellagra, 248
Periodontal disease, 415
Perl's iron stain, 32f
Pertussis, 147
Peyronie's disease, 119
Phagolysosome, 83f
Phase reactant proteins, 36
Phlebotomy, 306
Phosphatidylserine, 22
Physaliphorous cells, 527
Pickwickian syndrome, 240
Pinocytosis, 93
Plasma cell granuloma, 332
Plasmacytoma, localised, 332
Plasmacytosis, reactive, 331
Plasmin, 90
Pleomorphism, 174
POEMS syndrome, 332
Poikilocytosis, 278f
Polio, 153
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), 373
Polyarthritis, migratory, 342
Polyclonal gammopathy, 332f
Polycythaemia vera, 306
Polymyositis-dermatomyositis, 539
Polyol mechanism in diabetes, 502
Polyoma virus, 199
Polyploidy, 233
Pompe's disease, 237
Porphyria, 33
Post-myocardial infarction syndrome, 362
Pott's disease, spine, 511
Poxviruses, 153
PPD test, 100
Precocious puberty, 516
Pregnancy tumour, 378
Premalignant lesions, 184
Pressure gradients, 46
Prinzmetal's angina, 357
Procallus, 120
Proerythroblast, 252
Progestrogen receptors, 208
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML), 546
Progressive systemic sclerosis, 136
Proinsulin, 498
Promyelocyte, 294
Pronormoblast, 252
Prostacyclin, 88
Prostaglandins, 88
Protease inhibitor, 391
Protein, serum, 567t
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), 241
Prothrombin time, 283
Prussian blue reaction, 32f
Pseudomyxoma peritonei, 180
Pus, 85
Pyelonephritis, diabetic, 504
Pyknosis, 14
Pyridoxine, 248
Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, 274
R
Rabies, 153
Rachitic rosary, 245
Ranula, 411
RAS gene, 188t
Ray fungus, 113
Raynaud's disease and phenomenon, 374
Recessive inheritance, 235
Red line response, 79
Regenerative medicine, 123
Reid index, 391
Reidel's struma, 483
Rejection reactions, 129
Residual bodies, 33
Rhabdomyosarcoma, 225
Rhesus system, 292
Rheumatoid factor, 530
Rheumatoid nodules, 531
Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis, 399
Rheumatoid spondylitis, 531
Riboflavin, 248
Ribosomes, 8
Ridley-Jopling classification, 109
Rodent ulcer, 214
Romanowsky stains, 3
Rotor's syndrome, 452
Rouleaux formation, 306
Round cell tumour, 227
S
Sarcoma, botryoides, 225
Sarcoma, definition of, 169
Sarcoma, granulocytic, 308
SARS, 152
Scar, hypertrophic, 119
Schaumann bodies, 114
Schiller's test, 168
Schistocytosis, 272
Scirrhous tumours, 176
Scleroderma, 136
Seminoma, testis, 176
Sequestrum, 510
Serotonin, 87
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 152
Sex chromosomes, 232
Sezary syndrome, 328
Shift-to-left, 297
Shift-to-right, 297
Shigellosis, 148
Shingles, 153
Shunts, heart, 335t
Sicca syndrome, 136
Sideroblasts, 262
Siderofibrotic nodule, 57
Signet ring carcinoma, 435
Simple cyst, bone, 517
Single gene defect, 235t
Slow transforming viruses, 201
Small cell tumour, desmoplastic, 227
Solitary cyst, bone, 517
Sorbitol mechanism, 502
Spectrin, 273
Spherocytosis, 274
Splenomegaly, 314
Spondylitis, ankylosing, 531
Spongiform encephalopathy, 547
Squamocolumnar junction, 168f
Squamous metaplasia, 166
Starling's hypothesis, 370
Stasis, vascular, 66
Stitch abscess, 117
rupture of,
Stomatitis, 410
Storiform pattern, 221
Stroke syndrome, 550
Stromal fatty infiltration, 30
Sudden cardiac death, 363
Sulfur granules, 113
Suture tracks, 117
Swine flu, 153
Symbiosis, 144
Syringobulbia, 542
Syringomyelia, 542
Syringomyelocele, 542
Systemic sclerosis, 136
T
Tabes mesenterica, 106
Target cell, 278f
Tartar, gum, 415
Tart cell, 136
Tattooing, 34
Tenascin, 117
Teratogens, 232
Tetanus, 149
Tetralogy of Fallot, 337
Thalidomide malformations, 232
Thrombasthenia, 287
Thrombin time, 283
Thromboangiitis obliterans, 374
Thrombolytic therapy, 360
Thromboxane, 88
Thymidylate synthetase, 265
Tinea, 157
Tophi, 533f
TORCH complex, 161
Toxic granules, 297f
Toxoplasmosis, 162
TP53 gene, 189
Transaminases, 454f
Transcellular fluid, 46
Transcobalamin, 264
Transcoelomic spread, 180
Transferrin, 257f
Transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), 550
Transplant rejection, 129
Transthyretin, 36
Transudate versus exudate, 48t
Treponema, 110
Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), 359
Triple response, 79
Tubercle bacillus, 99
Tuberculin test, 100
Tuberculoma, brain, 545
brain, 545
causative organism in, 99
cavitary, 104
dystrophic calcification in, 26f
fibrocaseous, 104
HIV-associated, 103
hypersensitivity and immunity in, 100
lymph node, 102f
miliary, 105
open, 104
primary versus secondary, 102
Tumour markers, serum, 209t
Turbulence, 66
Turner's syndrome, 234
Typhoid ulcers, 147f
U
Ultraviolet light, 196
Unicameral, bone cyst, 517
Uric acid, blood, 532
Urinary tract infection (UTI), 146
Uveal melanoma, 215
V
Varicella-zoster infection, 153
Varices, 471
Varicella, 153
Vasopressin, 366
VDRL, 111
Vegetations, distinguishing features of, 345
Ventricular septal defect (VSD), 335
Verocay bodies, 562
Verrucae, viral, 199
Viral infections, 151t
Virchow cells, 109
Virchow's node, 178
Virchow's sign, 436
Virchow, Rudolf, 3
Virilism, adrenal, 478
Viruses and human cancer, 202
Vitiligo, 31
von Gierke's disease, 237
W
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia, 329
Wallerian degeneration, 561
Warthin's tumour, 423
Warts, viral, 199
Watershed (border zone) infarcts, brain, 551
Wax-D, 100
Wear and tear pigment, 33
Weights and measurements, normal organs, 565
Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis, 247
White lesions, oral cavity, 412
Whooping cough, 147
Widal test, 147
Working formulation for clinical usage, 317t
Wuchereria bancrofti, 160